Personal Power and Political Crisis in Romania

Government and Opposition

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 1989, Pages 177-198

  Tismaneanu, Vladimir ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0347107641     PISSN: 0017257X     EISSN: 14777053     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-7053.1989.tb00115.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Ghiţa Ionescu, Communism in Romania: 1944-1962, New York, Oxford University Press, 1964
2. Kenneth Jowitt, Revolutionary Breakthroughs and National Development: The Case of Romania, Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1971
3. Robert R. King, A History of the Romanian Communist Party, Stanford, Hoover Institution Press, 1980;
4. Vladimir Tismaneanu, ‘Ceaujeşcu's socialism’, Problems of Communism, January—February 1985, pp. 50–66.
5. See Georges Haupt, ‘La genèse du conflit soviéto-roumain’, Revue Fraņcaise de Science Politique, Vol. XVIII, No. 4, August 1968, pp. 669–84.
6. George H. Hodos, Show Trials: Stalinist Purges in Eastern Europe, 1948-1954, New York, Praeger, 1987, pp. 93–106
7. Ghiţa Ionescu, Communism in Romania, op. cit., pp. 196–218.
8. See Ghiţa Ionescu, op. cit., pp. 284–287
9. Vladimir Tismaneanu, ‘Miron Constantinescu or the Impossible Heresy’, Survey, Vol. 28, No. 4 (123), Winter 1984, pp. 175–87.
10. Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, Articles and Speeches: June 1960-December 1962, Bucharest, Meridiane Publishing House, 1963, pp. 257–89.
11. Victor Frunză, Istoria Partidului Comunist Român, Vol. II, Arhus, Denmark, Nord, 1984, pp. 535–40.
12. Ghiţa Ionescu, Communism in Romania, op. cit., pp. 151–156.
13. See Gary Lee, ‘Austerity leaves Romanians Short of Food, Fuel and Fun’, The Washington Post, 24 August 1987.
14. See Veronique Soulé ‘Ceauşescu crève le coeur de Bucarest’, Liberation, Paris, 25 November 1987.
15. See Seweryn Bialer, Stalin's Successors: Leadership, Stability and Change in the Soviet Union, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1980, p. 34.
16. See Michael Shafir, ‘“Ceauşescuism” Against “‘Gorbachevism’”, Radio Free Europe Research, RAD Background Report 95, 30 May 1988, pp. 1–5.
17. For the functions of the personality cult in Soviet-style regimes, see Jeremy T. Paltiel, ‘The Cult of Personality: Some Comparative Reflections on Political Culture in Leninist Regimes’, Studies in Comparative Communism, Vol. XVI, No. 1&2, Spring/Summer 1983, pp. 49–64.
18. See Steven Sampson, ‘Rumours in Socialist Romania’, Survey, Vol. 28, No. 4, Winter 1984, pp. 142–64.
19. Harry G. Barnes, Jr., ‘Impressions on Romania’, in Paul D. Quinlan (ed.), The United States and Romania: American-Romanian Relations During the Twentieth Century, Woodland Hills, American-Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1988
20. Vladimir Socor, ‘Eyewitness on the 1977 Miners’ Strike in Romania's Jiu Valley’, RFER, RAD Background Report/110 (Romania), 13 August 1986.
21. Michael Shafir, ‘The Men of the Archangel Revisited: Anti-Semitic Formations among Communist Romania's Intellectuals’, Studies in Comparative Communism, Vol. XVI, No. 3, Autumn 1983, pp. 223–243.
22. See Monica Lovinescu, ‘Augustin Buzura despre rolul scriitorului’, AGORA, Philadelphia, Vol. 1, No. 2, May 1988, pp. 80–86
23. Crisula Ştefanescu, ‘Writer denounces Dictatorship’, Radio Free Europe Research, Romanian SR/4, 22 February 1985.
24. For the dynamics of opposition in East-Central Europe, see: Tony Judt, ‘The Dilemmas of Dissidence: The Politics of Opposition in East-Central Europe’, East European Politics and Societies, Vol. 2, No. 2, Spring 1988, pp. 185–240
25. Vladimir Tismaneanu, The Crisis of Marxist Ideology in Eastern Europe: The Poverty of Utopia, London and New York, Routledge, 1988, pp. 108–83.
26. For the emergence of the working-class opposition in Romania, see Mihnea Berindei, ‘La Roumanie à l’heure polonaise: Le pouvoir face à l’opposition ouvrière’, L’Alternative, Paris, special issue on crisis and repression in Romania, supplement to no. 20, January 1983, pp. 26–29.
27. See Martin Sieff, ‘Romania faces East Europe's “deepest crisis”, dissident says’, The Washington Times, 5 January 1988.
28. See Vaclav Havel et al., The Power of the Powerless: Citizens Against State in Central-Eastern Europe, Armonk, N.Y., M.E. Sharpe, 1985, pp. 57—61.
29. For the characteristics of Romanian ‘national-communism’, see Vladimir Tismaneanu, ‘The Ambiguity of Romanian National Communism’, Telos, Summer 1984, pp. 65–79.
30. For a vivid picture of Ceauşescu's ‘court’, see Ion Mihai Pacepa, Red Horizons, Washington, Regnery Gateway, 1987.
31. See Henry Kamm, ‘East Bloc's Wind of Change Now Blows from Moscow’, The New York Times, 5 January 1988.
32. See Nicolae Ceauşescu's speech at the 29 April 1988 Political Executive Committee Meeting, Scînteia, 4 May 1988; for the Romanian leader's opposition to reforms, see Edith Lhomel, ‘Ceauşescu dit non’, Problèmes Politiques et Sociaux, Paris, no. 574, 25 December 1987, pp. 23–24
33. Vladimir Tismaneanu, ‘Ceauşescu gegen Glasnost’, Kontinent, Munich, Heft 3, 1988, pp. 48–53.
34. See Vladimir Socor, ‘Romanian—Soviet Relations on the Eve of Ceauşescu's Visit to Moscow’, Radio Free Europe Research, Romanian SR/12, 14 October 1988, pp. 17–20.
35. For plural checks in communist regimes, see Ghiţa Ionescu, The Politics of the European Communist States, New York and Washington, Praeger, 1967, pp. 87–167.
36. For Elena Ceauşescu's role in Romanian politics, see Mary Ellen Fischer, “Women in Romanian Politics: Elena Ceauşescu, Pronatalism, and the Promotion of Women’, in Sharon L. Wolchik and Alfred G. Meyer, Women, State, and Party in Eastern Europe, Durham, N.C., Duke University Press, 1985, pp. 121–137.
37. See Ion Iliescu, ‘Creaţtie si informaţie’, România Literară no. 36, 3 September 1987, p. 19;
38. for biographical details on Iliescu, see ‘Kluger Kopf, Der Spiegel, Hamburg, 9 November 1987.
39. See Michael Shafir, ‘Former Defense Minister Appointed Ideological Chief, RFER, Romanian SR/8, 23 June 1988.
40. See Anneli Maier, ‘Another Personnel Reshuffle’, RFER, Romanian SR/10, 11 September 1986.
41. For a penetrating discussion of succession scenarios in Romania, see Vladimir Socor, ‘Toward a Post-Ceauşescu Leadership in Romania’, RFER, RAD Background Report/5, Eastern Europe, 10 January 1986.