Death anxiety as a predictor of posttraumatic stress levels among individuals with spinal cord injuries

Death Studies

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-17

  Martz, Erin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADULT; ANXIETY; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; DEATH; DENIAL; DISABILITY; DISABLED PERSON; DIVING; FALLING; FEAR; FEMALE; GUNSHOT INJURY; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL STRESS; PARAPLEGIA; PHOBIA; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREDICTION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUADRIPLEGIA; RELIGION; SCORING SYSTEM; SOLDIER; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SPINAL CORD TUMOR; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; UNITED STATES;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ANXIETY DISORDERS; ATTITUDE TO DEATH; DISABLED PERSONS; FEAR; HUMANS; PHOBIC DISORDERS; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPIRITUALITY; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; UNITED STATES; VETERANS;

EID: 0347087215     PISSN: 07481187     EISSN: 10917683     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07481180490249201     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Alter, C. L., Pelcovitz, D., Axelrod, A., Goldenberg, B., Harris, H., Meyers, B., Grobois, B., Mandel, F., Septimus, A., & Kaplan, S. (1996). Identification of PTSD in cancer survivors. Psychosomatics, 37(2), 137-143.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.).Washington, DC: Author.
3. Becker, E. (1973).The denial of death. NewYork:The Free Press.
4. Blanchard, E. B., & Hickling, E. J. (1997). After the crash: Assessment and treatment of motor vehicle accident survivors. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
5. Brewin, C. R., Watson, M., McCarthy, S., Hyman, P., & Dayson, D. (1998). Intrusive memories and depression in cancer patients. Behavior Research and Therapy, 36, 1131-1142.
6. Brown, D. J. (1992). Spinal cord injuries: The last decade and the next. Paraplegia, 30, 77-82.
7. Card, J. (1987). Epidemiology of PTSD in a national cohort of Vietnam veterans. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(1), 6-17.
8. Coleman, L. M. (1997). Stigma: An enigma demystified. In L. J. Davis (Ed.), The disability studies reader (pp. 216-231). NewYork: Routledge.
9. Doerfler, L. A., Pbert, L., & DeCosimo, D. (1994). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder following myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass surgery. General Hospital Psychiatry, 16, 193-199.
10. Durlak, J. A., & Kass, R. A. (1981). Clarifying the measurement of death attitudes: A factor analytic evaluation of fifteen self-report death scales. Omega, 12(2), 129-141.
11. Feifel, H. (1961). Death: A relevant variable in psychology. In R. May (Ed.), Existential psychology (pp. 61-74). NewYork: Random House.
12. Fontana, A., Rosenheck, R., & Brett, E. (1992). War zone traumas and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180, 748-755.
13. Green, B. L. (1993). Identifying survivors at risk:Trauma and stressors across events. In J. P.Wilson & B. Raphael (Eds.), International handbook of traumatic stress syndromes (pp. 135-144). NewYork: Plenum Press.
14. Green, B. L. (1994). Psychosocial research in traumatic stress: An update. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7, 341-362.
15. Greenberg, J., Arndt, J., Schimel, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2001). Clarifying the function of mortality salience-induced worldview defense: Renewed suppression or reduced accessibility of death-related thoughts? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 70-76.
16. Halldorsdottir, S. & Hamrin, E. (1996). Experiencing existential changes: The lived experience of having cancer. Cancer Nursing, 19(1), 29-36.
17. Kutz, I., Shabtai, H., Solomon, Z., Neumann, M., & David, D. (1994). Posttraumatic stress disorder in myocardial infarction patients: Prevalence study. IsraeliJournal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 31(1), 48-56.
18. Lauterbach, D., & Vrana, S. (1996). Three studies on the reliability and validity of a self-reportmeasure of posttraumatic stress disorder. Assessment, 3(1), 17-25.
19. Lifton, R. J. (1988).Understanding the traumatized self: Imagery, symbolization, and transformation. In J. P.Wilson, Z. Harel, & B. Kahana (Eds.), Human adaptation to extreme stress: From theHolocaust toVietnam (pp.77-31). NewYork: Plenum Press.
20. Lifton, R. J. (1993). From Hiroshima to the Nazi doctors: The evolution of psychoformative approaches to understanding traumatic stress syndromes. In J. P.Wilson & B. Raphael (Eds.), International handbook of traumatic stress syndromes (pp. 11-23). New York: Plenum Press.
21. Livneh, H. (1982). On the origins of negative attitudes toward people with disabilities. Rehabilitation Literature, 43, 338-347.
22. Livneh, H. (1985). Death attitudes and their relationship to perceptions of physically disabled persons. Journal of Rehabilitation, 51, 38-41, 80.
23. Livneh, H., & Antonak, R. F. (1997). Psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers.
24. Marino, R. J. (Ed.) (2000). International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (Rev.). Chicago, IL: American Spinal InjuryAssociation.
25. Martz, E., & Cook, D. (2001). Physical impairments as risk factors for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 44, 217-221.
26. McMordie, W. R. (1979). Improving measurement of death anxiety. Psychological Reports, 44, 975-980.
27. Miller, L. (1998). Shocks to the system: Psychotherapy of traumatic disability syndromes. New York:W.W. Norton & Co.
28. Neimeyer, R. A. (1997-1998). Death anxiety research: The state of the art. Omega, 36(2), 97-120.
29. Parson, E. R. (1986). Life after death: Vietnam veteran’s struggle for meaning and recovery. Death Studies, 10, 11-26.
30. Pedhazur, P. J. (1997). Multiple regression in behavioral research: Explanation and prediction (3rd ed.). FortWorth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
31. Pollak, J.M. (1979). Correlates of death anxiety: A review of empirical studies. Omega, 10(2), 97-121.
32. Powers, P. S., Cruse, C.W., Daniels, S., & Stevens, B. (1994). Posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with burns. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 15, 147-153.
33. Radnitz, C. L., Hsu, L., Tirch, D. D., Willard, J., Lillian, L. B., Walczak, S., Festa, J., Perez-Strumolo, L., Broderick, C. P., Binks, M., Schlein, I., Bockian, N., Green, L., & Cytryn, A. (1998). A comparison of postraumatic stress disorder in veterans with and without spinal cord injury. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 676-680.
34. Shalev, A. Y., Galai, T., & Eth, S. (1993). Levels of trauma: A multidimensional approach to the treatment of PTSD. Psychiatry, 56, 166-177.
35. Shontz, F.C. (1978). Psychological adjustment to physical disability:Trends in theories. Archives of PhysicalMedicine and Rehabilitation, 59, 251-254.
36. Solkoff, Gray, P. & Keill, S. (1986).WhichVietnam veterans develop posttraumatic stress disorders? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 687-698.
37. Stephenson, J. S., & Murphy, D. (1986). Existential grief: The special case of the chronically ill and disabled. Death Studies, 10, 135-145.
38. Stevens, J. (1996). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (3rd ed.)Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
39. Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.) Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
40. Templer, D. I. (1970).The construction and validation of a death anxiety scale. The Journal of General Psychology, 82, 165-177.
41. Trieschmann, R. B. (1988). Spinal cord injuries:Psychological, social, and vocational rehabilitation (2nd ed.). NewYork: Demos Publications.
42. Weisman, A. D., & Worden, J.W. (1976-1977).The existential plight in cancer: Significance of the first 100 days. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 7(1), 1-15.
43. Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. NewYork: Basic Books.