Development and validation of a multidimensional scale measuring free time boredom

Leisure Studies

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 41-59

  Ragheb, Mounir G ^a   Merydith, Scott P ^a  

^a FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0347034120     PISSN: 02614367     EISSN: 14664496     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02614360122569     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Adebayo, A. (1991) Factors antecedent to impaired driving in a Canadian urban sample, International Journal of Addictions, 26, 897-909.
2. Ahmed, S. (1990) Psychometric properties of the boredom proneness scale, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 71, 963-967.
3. Anshel, M. (1991) Cognitive-behavioural strategies for combating drug abuse in sport: implications for coaches and sport psychology consultants, Sport Psychology, 5(2), 152-166.
4. Bammel, G. and Bammel, L. (1992) Leisure and human behavior, Dubuque, IA, Wm. C. Brown Co. Publishers.
5. Beard, J. and Ragheb, M. (1980) Measuring leisure satisfaction, Journal of Leisure Research, 12, 20-33.
6. Beard, J. and Ragheb, M. (1983) Measuring leisure motivation, Journal of Leisure Research, 15, 219-228.
7. Bearden, L., Spencer, W. and Moracco, J. (1989) A study of high school dropouts, School Counselor, 37, 113-120.
8. Berlyne, D. (1960) Conflict, arousal, and curiosity, New York, NY, McGraw-Hill.
9. Berlyne, D.E. (1968) Laughter, humor and play, in Handbook of Social Psychology (edited by G.L. Lindzey and E. Aronson), Addison-Wesley, New York.
10. Binion, A., Miller, C., Beauvais, F. and Oetting, E. (1988) Rationales for the use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs by eighth-grade Native American and Anglo youth, International Journal of Addictions, 23, 47-64.
11. Blaszczynski, A., McConaghy, N. and Frankova, A. (1990) Boredom proneness in pathological gambling, Psychological Reports, 67, 35-42.
12. Braby, C., Harris, D. and Muir, H. (1993) A psychophysiological approach to the assessment of work underload, Ergonomics, 36, 1035-1042.
13. Brook, J. and Brook, R. (1989) Exploring the meaning of work and nonwork, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 10, 169-78.
14. Brown, W. and Brown, D. (1988) Enhancing life satisfaction of older adults, Journal of Applied Sociology, 5, 73-87.
15. Bryant, W. and Wang, Y. (1990) Time together, time apart: An analysis of wives’ solitary time and shared time with spouses, Lifestyles, 11, 89-119.
16. Burisch, M. (1984) Approaches to personality inventory construction: A comparison of merits, American Psychologist, 39, 214-227.
17. Cattell, R. (1966) The scree test for the number of factors, Multivariate Behavior Research, 1, 245-276.
18. Clark, L. and Watson, D. (1995) Constructing validity: basic issues in objective scale development, Psychological Assessment, 7, 309-19.
19. Cordes, K.A. and Ibrahim, H.M. (1999) Applications in recreation and leisure for today and the future, Boston, MA, WCB McGraw-Hill.
20. Cronan, T., Conway, T. and Kaszas, S. (1991) Starting to smoke in the Navy: when, where, and why, Social Science and Medicine, 33, 1349-1353.
21. Czikszentmihalyi, M. (1990) Flow: the psychology of optimal experience, New York, NY: Harper & Row.
22. de Grazia, S. (1962) Of time, work, and leisure, New York, NY, The Twentieth Century Fund.
23. Dickinson, M., Hinchy, J. and Fabre, J. (1987) Chasing, arousal and sensation seeking in off-course gamblers, British Journal of Addiction, 82, 673-680.
24. Didier-Weil, A. (1990) Making the passage of time and beyond, Psychoanalysis, 37, 101-103.
25. Edginton, C.R., Jordan, D.J., DeGraaf, D.G. and Edginton, S.R. (1998) Leisure and life satisfaction, Boston, MA, WCB McGraw-Hill.
26. Ellis, M. (1973) Why people play, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall.
27. Farina, J. (1991) Perceptions of time. In Recreation and leisure: Issues in an era of change, (edited by T.L. Goodale and P.A. Witt), State College, PA, Venture Publishing, pp. 21-31.
28. Farmer, R. and Sundberg, N.D. (1986) Boredom proneness: The development and correlates of a new scale, Journal of PersonaIity Assessment, 50, 4-17.
29. Farrell, E., Peguero, G., Lindsey, R. and White, R. (1988) Giving voice to high school students: pressure and boredom, ya know what I’m sayin? American Educational Research Journal, 25, 489-502.
30. Fisher, C. (1993) Boredom at work: a neglected concept, Human Relations, 46, 395-417.
31. Frankl, V. (1962) Man’s search for meaning: an introduction to logotherapy, Boston, MA, Beacon Press.
32. Frankl, V. (1992a) Meaning in industrial society, International Forum for Logotherapy, 15, 66-70.
33. Frankl, V. (1992b) Man’s search for meaning: an introduction to logotherapy, Boston, MA, Beacon Press.
34. Frankmann, J. and Adams, J. (1962) Theories of vigilance, Psychological Bulletin, 59, 259-272.
35. Gigy, L. and Kelly, J. (1992) Reasons for divorce perspectives of divorcing men and women, Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 18, 169-187.
36. Gilbert, S. and Orok, B. (1993) School leavers, Canadian School Trends, 30, 2-8.
37. Goodale, T. and Witt, P. (1989) Recreation non-participation and barriers to leisure. In Understanding leisure and recreation: Mapping the past, charting the future (edited by E. Jackson and T. Burton), State College, PA, Venture Publishing, pp. 421-449.
38. Gorsuch, R.L. (1983) Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
39. Grossin, W. (1986) The relationship between work time and free time and the meaning of retirement, Leisure Studies, 5, 91-101.
40. Hamilton, J., Haier, R. and Buchsbaum, M. (1984) Intrinsic enjoyment and boredom coping scale: validation with personality evoked potential and attention measures, Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 183-193.
41. Hendricks, J. and Burdge, R. (1976) Leisure in technological society, Society and Leisure, 8, 141-145.
42. Hendry, L., Raymond, M. and Stewart C. (1984) Unemployment, school, and leisure: an adolescent Study, Leisure Studies, 3, 175-187.
43. Hill, A. and Perkins, R. (1985) Toward a model of boredom, British Journal of Psychology, 76, 235-240.
44. Ho, R. (1989) Why do people smoke? Motives for maintenance of smoking behaviour and its possible cessation, Australian Psychologist, 24, 385-400.
45. Iso-Ahola, S. (1984) Leisure as boredom: an analysis of causes and effects, paper presented at the NRPA Leisure Research Symposium, Orlando, FL, October.
46. Iso-Ahola, S. and Weissinger, E. (1987) Leisure and boredom, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5, 356-364.
47. Iso-Ahola, S. and Weissinger, E. (1990). Perceptions of boredom in leisure: conceptualization, reliability, and validity of the leisure boredom scale, Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 1-17.
48. James, C. and Ames, G. (1989) Men, blue collar work and drinking: alcohol use in an industrial subculture, Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 13, 245-274.
49. Kaiser, H.F. (1958) The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis, Psychome-trika, 23, 187-200.
50. Kando, T. (1980) Leisure and popular culture in transition, St. Louis, MO, C.V. Mosby.
51. Klapp, O. (1986) Overload and boredom. New York, NY, Greenwood Press.
52. Kraus, R. (1990) Recreation and leisure in modern society, Glenview, IL, Scott, Foresman/ Little, Brown Higher Education.
53. Kraus, R. (2000) Leisure in a changing society: Trends and issues for the 21st century, Boston, MA, Allyn and Bacon.
54. Kuley, N.B. and Jacobs, D.F. (1988) The relationship between dissociative-like experiences and sensation seeking among social and problem gamblers, Journal of Gambling Behavior, 4, 197-207.
55. Larson, R. and Kleiber, D. (1993) Daily experience of adolescents, New York, NY, John Wiley & Sons.
56. Leary, M., Rogers, P., Canfield, R. and Coe, C. (1986) Boredom in interpersonal encounters: antecedents and social implications, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 968-975.
57. Lundberg, U., Melin, B., Evan, G. and Holmber, L. (1993) Physiological deactivation after two contrasting tasks at a video display terminal: learning vs. repetitive date entry, Ergonomics, 36, 601-612.
58. Macworth, N. (1950) Researchers on the measurement of human performance, Medical research council special report service, cited in Ellis, M. (1973) Why people play, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
59. Mobily, K., Lemke, J. and Gisin, G. (1991) The idea of leisure repertoire, Journal of Applied Gerontology, 10, 208-223.
60. Morris, D. (1964) The response of animals to a restricted environment, Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, 13, 99-108.
61. Mulaik, S.A. (1987) A brief history of the philosophical foundations of exploratory factor analysis, Multivariate Behavior Research, 22, 267-305.
62. Neulinger, J. (1976) The psychology of leisure, Springfield, IL, Thomas.
63. Nunnally, J. (1978) Psychometric theory, New York, NY, McGraw Hill.
64. Pedersen, W., Clausen, S. and Lavik, N. (1988) Sensation seeking and adolescent drug use, Nordisk Psykolog, 40, 358-370.
65. Perse, E. and Rubin, A. (1990) Chronic loneliness and television use, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 34, 37-53.
66. Ragheb, M. and Beard, J. (1982) Measuring leisure attitudes, Journal of Leisure Research, 14, 155-167.
67. Rahman, A. (1992) Drug addiction: a pilot study in Dhaka City, Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 119-121.
68. Robinson, J. (1990) The leisure pie (use of leisure time), American Demographics, 12, 39.
69. Robinson, J.P. and Godbey, G. (1997) Time for life: the surprising ways Americans use their time, University Park, PA, The Pennsylvania State University Press.
70. Roelofs, L. (1992) The meaning of leisure for older persons, Dissertation Abstracts International, Chicago, IL, University of Illinois.
71. Roger, S. (1991) From the sociology of leisure to the sociology of social times, Societies, 32, 173-181.
72. Rojek, C. (1995) Decentring leisure: Rethinking leisure theory, London and Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications.
73. Russell, J. and Snodgrass, J. (1987) Emotion and the environment. In Handbook of environmental psychology (edited by D. Stokols and I. Altman), New York, NY, Wiley, pp. 245-280.
74. Russo, M., Lahey, B., Christ, M. and Frick, P. (1991) Preliminary development of a sensation seeking scale for children, Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 399-405.
75. Segal, S. and VanderVoort, D. (1993) Daily hassles of persons with severe mental illness, Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 44, 276-278.
76. Shaw, S. (1985) The meaning of leisure in everyday life, Leisure Sciences, 7, 1-24.
77. Simo, S. and Perez, J. (1991) Sensation seeking and antisocial behaviour in junior student sample, Personality and Individual Differences, 65-966.
78. Spann, M. (1992) Kindergarten Clinic. Bored in kindergarten? Instructor, 101, 68.
79. Stamford, B. (1991) Task specific training vs. cross training, The Physician and Sports Medicine, 19, 113-113.
80. Szalai, A. (ed.) (1972) The use of time: Daily activities of urban and suburban populations in twelve countries, The Hague and Paris, Mouton.
81. Tidwell, R. (1988) Dropouts speak out: Qualitative data on early school departures, Adolescence, 23, 939-54.
82. Tolor, A. (1989) Boredom as related to alienation, assertiveness, internal-external expectancy, and sleep patterns, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 264-265.
83. Tuakli, N., Smith, M. and Heaton, C. (1990) Smoking in adolescence: methods of health education and smoking cessation, Journal of Family Practice, 31, 369-374.
84. University of Iowa (1990-1993) Society for the Reduction of Human Labor: Newsletter, Iowa City, IA, Author.
85. Vodanovich, S. and Kass, S. (1990a) Age and gender differences in boredom proneness, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 297-307.
86. Vodanovich, S. and Kass, S. (1990b) A factor analytic study of the Boredom Proneness Scale, Journal of Personal Assessment, 55, 115-123.
87. Wasson, A. (1981) Susceptibility to boredom and deviant behavior at school, Psychological Reports, 48, 901-902.
88. Wegner, D., Vallacher, R. and Dizadji, D. (1989) Do alcoholics know what they’re doing? Identifications of the act of drinking, Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 10, 197-210.
89. Wild, T.C., Kuiken, D. and Schopflocher, D. (1995) The role of absorption in experiential involvement, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 569-579.
90. White, R. (1959) Motivation reconsidered: the concept of competence, Psychological Review, 66, 313-324.
91. Wolfgang, A.K. (1988) Gambling as a function of gender and sensation seeking, Journal of Gambling Behavior, 4, 71-77.
92. Zuckerman, M. (1971) Dimensions of sensation seeking, Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 36, 45-52.
93. Zukerman, M., Eysenck, S. and Eysenck, H. (1978) Sensation seeking in England and America: Cross-cultural, age, and sex comparisons, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 139-149.