What Is Problem Solving?

Phi Delta Kappan

Volumn 79, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 605-609

  Martinez, Michael E ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0346970944     PISSN: 00317217     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (11)

1. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon, The Development of Intelligence in Children, trans. E. S. Kite (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1916), p. 140.
2. Herbert A. Simon, The Sciences of the Artificial (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1981).
3. Herbert A. Simon, "Problem Solving and Education," in David T. Tuma and Frederick Reif, eds., Problem Solving and Education: Issues in Teaching and Research (Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1980), pp. 81-96.
4. Charles E. Lindblom, "The Science of Muddling Through," Public Administration Review, vol. 19, 1959, pp. 79-88.
5. George Polya, How to Solve It, 2nd ed. (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1957).
6. Jill H. Larkin and Herbert A. Simon, "Why a Diagram Is (Sometimes) Worth Ten Thousand Words," Cognitive Science, vol. 11, 1987, pp. 65-99.
7. Fred Reif and Joan I. Heller, "Knowledge Structure and Problem Solving in Physics," Educational Psychologist, vol. 17, 1982, pp. 102-27.
8. Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just, and Peter Shell, "What One Intelligence Test Measures: A Theoretical Account of the Processing in the Raven Progressive Matrices Test," Psychological Review, vol. 97, 1990, pp. 404-31.
9. John Dewey, How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the Educative Process (Boston: Heath, 1933), p. 16.
10. It is not impossible to solve a problem without error, but it is misleading to think that this experience is the normal character of problem solving.
11. Simon, "Problem Solving and Education," p. 85.