메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 319-336

Humor and sexual selection

Author keywords

Creativity; Humor; Sexual selection

Indexed keywords


EID: 0346938384     PISSN: 10456767     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12110-003-1009-x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (75)
  • 2
    • 0040976224 scopus 로고
    • The Origin and Evolution of the Calls and Facial Expressions of the Primates
    • Martha Davis, ed. New York: Arno Press
    • Andrew, Richard J. 1972 The Origin and Evolution of the Calls and Facial Expressions of the Primates. In Evolution of Facial Expression, Martha Davis, ed. Pp. 11-19. New York: Arno Press.
    • (1972) Evolution of Facial Expression , pp. 11-19
    • Andrew, R.J.1
  • 3
    • 84867917120 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic Humor Versus "Sense of Humor": An American Sociocultural Dilemma
    • Apte, Mahadev L. 1987 Ethnic Humor Versus "Sense of Humor": An American Sociocultural Dilemma. American Behavioral Scientist 30:27-41.
    • (1987) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.30 , pp. 27-41
    • Apte, M.L.1
  • 4
    • 0040084228 scopus 로고
    • A Multi-Method Approach to the Assessment of Humor: A Critical Look at Humor Tests
    • Babad, Elisha Y. 1974 A Multi-Method Approach to the Assessment of Humor: A Critical Look at Humor Tests. Journal of Personality 42:618-631.
    • (1974) Journal of Personality , vol.42 , pp. 618-631
    • Babad, E.Y.1
  • 6
    • 0040971984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making Sense of Humor in Young Romantic Relationships: Understanding Partners' Perceptions
    • Bippus, Amy M. 2000 Making Sense of Humor in Young Romantic Relationships: Understanding Partners' Perceptions. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 13:395-417.
    • (2000) Humor: International Journal of Humor Research , vol.13 , pp. 395-417
    • Bippus, A.M.1
  • 7
    • 0017153519 scopus 로고
    • Humor Production as a Function of Sex of Subject, Creativity, and Cartoon Content
    • Brodzinsky, David M., and Janet Rubien 1976 Humor Production as a Function of Sex of Subject, Creativity, and Cartoon Content. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 44:597-600.
    • (1976) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 597-600
    • Brodzinsky, D.M.1    Rubien, J.2
  • 8
    • 0023990688 scopus 로고
    • The Evolution of Human Intrasexual Competition: Tactics of Mate Attraction
    • Buss, David M. 1988 The Evolution of Human Intrasexual Competition: Tactics of Mate Attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54:616-628. 1989 Sex Differences in Human Mate Preferences: Evolutionary Hypotheses Tested in 37 Cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:1-49. 1994 The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating. New York: Basic Books.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 616-628
    • Buss, D.M.1
  • 9
    • 84971804800 scopus 로고
    • Sex Differences in Human Mate Preferences: Evolutionary Hypotheses Tested in 37 Cultures
    • Buss, David M. 1988 The Evolution of Human Intrasexual Competition: Tactics of Mate Attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54:616-628. 1989 Sex Differences in Human Mate Preferences: Evolutionary Hypotheses Tested in 37 Cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:1-49. 1994 The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating. New York: Basic Books.
    • (1989) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.12 , pp. 1-49
  • 10
    • 0023990688 scopus 로고
    • New York: Basic Books
    • Buss, David M. 1988 The Evolution of Human Intrasexual Competition: Tactics of Mate Attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54:616-628. 1989 Sex Differences in Human Mate Preferences: Evolutionary Hypotheses Tested in 37 Cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:1-49. 1994 The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating. New York: Basic Books.
    • (1994) The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating
  • 12
    • 0040637181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Neglected Form of Quasi-Aggression in Apes: Possible Relevance for the Origins of Humor
    • Butovskaya, Marina L., and Alexander G. Kozintsev 1996 A Neglected Form of Quasi-Aggression in Apes: Possible Relevance for the Origins of Humor. Current Anthropology 37:716-717.
    • (1996) Current Anthropology , vol.37 , pp. 716-717
    • Butovskaya, M.L.1    Kozintsev, A.G.2
  • 13
    • 0041078910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived Personality Associations with Differences in Sense of Humor: Stereotypes of Hypothetical Others with High or Low Senses of Humor
    • Cann, Arnie, and Lawrence G. Calhoun 2001 Perceived Personality Associations with Differences in Sense of Humor: Stereotypes of Hypothetical Others with High or Low Senses of Humor. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 14:117-130.
    • (2001) Humor: International Journal of Humor Research , vol.14 , pp. 117-130
    • Cann, A.1    Calhoun, L.G.2
  • 14
    • 0345816108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Ethology to Aesthetics: Evolution as a Theoretical Paradigm for Research on Laughter, Humor, and Other Comic Phenomena
    • Caron, James E. 2002 From Ethology to Aesthetics: Evolution as a Theoretical Paradigm for Research on Laughter, Humor, and Other Comic Phenomena. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 15:245-281.
    • (2002) Humor: International Journal of Humor Research , vol.15 , pp. 245-281
    • Caron, J.E.1
  • 15
    • 0000155170 scopus 로고
    • Social Aspects of Humourous Laughter
    • Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. London: Wiley
    • Chapman, Antony J. 1976 Social Aspects of Humourous Laughter. In Humour and Laughter: Theory, Research, and Applications, Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. Pp. 55-73. London: Wiley. 1983 Humor and Laughter in Social Interaction and Some Implications for Humor Research. In Handbook of Humor Research, Vol. 1: Basic Issues, Paul E. McGhee and Jeffrey H. Goldstein, eds. Pp. 135-157. New York: Springer-Verlag.
    • (1976) Humour and Laughter: Theory, Research, and Applications , pp. 55-73
    • Chapman, A.J.1
  • 16
    • 0040766682 scopus 로고
    • Humor and Laughter in Social Interaction and Some Implications for Humor Research
    • New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Chapman, Antony J. 1976 Social Aspects of Humourous Laughter. In Humour and Laughter: Theory, Research, and Applications, Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. Pp. 55-73. London: Wiley. 1983 Humor and Laughter in Social Interaction and Some Implications for Humor Research. In Handbook of Humor Research, Vol. 1: Basic Issues, Paul E. McGhee and Jeffrey H. Goldstein, eds. Pp. 135-157. New York: Springer-Verlag.
    • (1983) Handbook of Humor Research, Vol. 1: Basic Issues , vol.1 , pp. 135-157
    • McGhee, P.E.1    Goldstein, J.H.2
  • 18
    • 38249030564 scopus 로고
    • Creativity: Some Ambiguities in the Issue. Reply to Findlay and Lumsden, "The Creative Mind: Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Discovery and Innovation."
    • Cohen, L. Jonathan 1988 Creativity: Some Ambiguities in the Issue. Reply to Findlay and Lumsden, "The Creative Mind: Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Discovery and Innovation." Journal of Social and Biological Structures 11:77-79.
    • (1988) Journal of Social and Biological Structures , vol.11 , pp. 77-79
    • Cohen, L.J.1
  • 23
    • 0005252846 scopus 로고
    • The Creative Mind: Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Discovery and Innovation
    • Findlay, C. Scott, and Charles J. Lumsden 1988 The Creative Mind: Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Discovery and Innovation. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 11:3-55.
    • (1988) Journal of Social and Biological Structures , vol.11 , pp. 3-55
    • Findlay, C.S.1    Lumsden, C.J.2
  • 25
    • 0002159406 scopus 로고
    • Vocalizations of the Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla beringei)
    • Fossey, Diane 1972 Vocalizations of the Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla beringei). Animal Behavior 20:36-53. 1983 Gorillas in the Mist. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
    • (1972) Animal Behavior , vol.20 , pp. 36-53
    • Fossey, D.1
  • 26
    • 0002159406 scopus 로고
    • Boston: Houghton Mifflin
    • Fossey, Diane 1972 Vocalizations of the Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla beringei). Animal Behavior 20:36-53. 1983 Gorillas in the Mist. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
    • (1983) Gorillas in the Mist
  • 27
    • 0003420684 scopus 로고
    • Palo Alto: Pacific Books
    • Fry, William F. 1963 Sweet Madness: A Study of Humor. Palo Alto: Pacific Books. 1994 The Biology of Humor. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 7:111-126.
    • (1963) Sweet Madness: A Study of Humor
    • Fry, W.F.1
  • 28
    • 84869073398 scopus 로고
    • The Biology of Humor
    • Fry, William F. 1963 Sweet Madness: A Study of Humor. Palo Alto: Pacific Books. 1994 The Biology of Humor. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 7:111-126.
    • (1994) Humor: International Journal of Humor Research , vol.7 , pp. 111-126
  • 32
    • 0007531941 scopus 로고
    • Relation between Intimacy and Humor
    • Hampes, William P. 1992 Relation between Intimacy and Humor. Psychological Reports 71:127-130.
    • (1992) Psychological Reports , vol.71 , pp. 127-130
    • Hampes, W.P.1
  • 33
    • 0002120557 scopus 로고
    • A Comparative Approach to the Phylogeny of Laughter and Smiling
    • R. A. Hinde, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. van 1972 A Comparative Approach to the Phylogeny of Laughter and Smiling. In Non-Verbal Communication, R. A. Hinde, ed. Pp. 209-241. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1972) Non-verbal Communication , pp. 209-241
    • Van Hooff, J.A.R.A.M.1
  • 34
    • 0001955781 scopus 로고
    • Humour as a Tool of Social Interaction
    • Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. Oxford: Pergamon
    • Kane, T. R., J. M. Suls, and J. T. Tedeschi 1977 Humour as a Tool of Social Interaction. In It's a Funny Thing, Humour, Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. Pp. 13-16. Oxford: Pergamon.
    • (1977) It's a Funny Thing, Humour , pp. 13-16
    • Kane, T.R.1    Suls, J.M.2    Tedeschi, J.T.3
  • 35
    • 0040084036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter
    • Latta, Robert L. 1998 The Basic Humor Process. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
    • (1998) The Basic Humor Process
    • Latta, R.L.1
  • 39
    • 0016240567 scopus 로고
    • The Behavior and Ecology of Wild Orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus)
    • Mackinnon, J. 1974 The Behavior and Ecology of Wild Orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus). Animal Behavior 22:3-74.
    • (1974) Animal Behavior , vol.22 , pp. 3-74
    • Mackinnon, J.1
  • 40
    • 0002128640 scopus 로고
    • Signaling Behavior of Apes, with Special Reference to Vocalization
    • T. A. Sebeok, ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Marler, P., and R. Tenaza 1977 Signaling Behavior of Apes, with Special Reference to Vocalization. In How Animals Communicate, T. A. Sebeok, ed. Pp. 965-1033. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
    • (1977) How Animals Communicate , pp. 965-1033
    • Marler, P.1    Tenaza, R.2
  • 41
    • 85064875295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaches to the Sense of Humor: A Historical Review
    • Willibald Ruch, ed. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter
    • Martin, Rod A. 1998 Approaches to the Sense of Humor: A Historical Review. In The Sense of Humor: Explorations of a Personality Characteristic, Willibald Ruch, ed. Pp. 15-60. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
    • (1998) The Sense of Humor: Explorations of a Personality Characteristic , pp. 15-60
    • Martin, R.A.1
  • 42
    • 0002276304 scopus 로고
    • A Model of the Social Functions of Humor
    • Jeffrey H. Goldstein and Paul E. McGhee, eds. New York: Academic Press
    • Martineau, William H. 1972 A Model of the Social Functions of Humor. In The Psychology of Humor: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Issues, Jeffrey H. Goldstein and Paul E. McGhee, eds. Pp. 101-125. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1972) The Psychology of Humor: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Issues , pp. 101-125
    • Martineau, W.H.1
  • 45
    • 0003760567 scopus 로고
    • San Francisco: W. H. Freeman
    • McGhee, Paul E. 1979 Humor: Its Origin and Development. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. 1996 Health, Healing and the Amuse System. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt.
    • (1979) Humor: Its Origin and Development
    • McGhee, P.E.1
  • 46
    • 0003529814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt
    • McGhee, Paul E. 1979 Humor: Its Origin and Development. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. 1996 Health, Healing and the Amuse System. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt.
    • (1996) Health, Healing and the Amuse System
  • 48
    • 0011686082 scopus 로고
    • Some Differences in Male and Female Joke-Telling
    • Rosan A. Jordan and Susan J. Kalcik, eds. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
    • Mitchell, Carol 1985 Some Differences in Male and Female Joke-Telling. In Women's Folklore, Women's Culture, Rosan A. Jordan and Susan J. Kalcik, eds. Pp. 163-186. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
    • (1985) Women's Folklore, Women's Culture , pp. 163-186
    • Mitchell, C.1
  • 50
    • 0347550218 scopus 로고
    • Funny Ha-Ha, Funny Strange, and Other Reactions to Incongruity
    • John Morreall, ed. Albany: State University of New York Press
    • Morreall, John 1987 Funny Ha-Ha, Funny Strange, and Other Reactions to Incongruity. In The Philosophy of Laughter and Humor, John Morreall, ed. Pp. 188-207. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1989 Enjoying Incongruity. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 2:1-18.
    • (1987) The Philosophy of Laughter and Humor , pp. 188-207
    • Morreall, J.1
  • 51
    • 0002810407 scopus 로고
    • Enjoying Incongruity
    • Morreall, John 1987 Funny Ha-Ha, Funny Strange, and Other Reactions to Incongruity. In The Philosophy of Laughter and Humor, John Morreall, ed. Pp. 188-207. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1989 Enjoying Incongruity. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 2:1-18.
    • (1989) Humor: International Journal of Humor Research , vol.2 , pp. 1-18
  • 52
    • 0014919826 scopus 로고
    • Humor and Inclinations of Humor: Emotional Reactions to Stimuli of Different Divergence from a Range of Expectancy
    • Nerhardt, Goran 1970 Humor and Inclinations of Humor: Emotional Reactions to Stimuli of Different Divergence from a Range of Expectancy. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 11:185-195.
    • (1970) Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 185-195
    • Nerhardt, G.1
  • 53
    • 0038364873 scopus 로고
    • Freudian Humour: The Eupsychia of Everyday Life
    • Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. London: Wiley
    • O'Connell, Walter E. 1976 Freudian Humour: The Eupsychia of Everyday Life. In Humour and Laughter: Theory, Research and Applications, Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. Pp. 313-329. London: Wiley.
    • (1976) Humour and Laughter: Theory, Research and Applications , pp. 313-329
    • O'Connell, W.E.1
  • 54
    • 0346447351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On Incongruities and Logical Inconsistencies in Humor: The Delicate Balance
    • Perlmutter, Daniel D. 2002 On Incongruities and Logical Inconsistencies in Humor: The Delicate Balance. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 15:155-168.
    • (2002) Humor: International Journal of Humor Research , vol.15 , pp. 155-168
    • Perlmutter, D.D.1
  • 57
    • 0002068681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laughter
    • Provine, Robert R. 1996 Laughter. American Scientist 84:38-45. 2000 Laughter: A Scientific Investigation. New York: Viking.
    • (1996) American Scientist , vol.84 , pp. 38-45
    • Provine, R.R.1
  • 58
    • 0002068681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Viking
    • Provine, Robert R. 1996 Laughter. American Scientist 84:38-15. 2000 Laughter: A Scientific Investigation. New York: Viking.
    • (2000) Laughter: A Scientific Investigation
  • 60
    • 0037825345 scopus 로고
    • Incongruity, Problem-Solving and Laughter
    • Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. London: Wiley
    • Rothbart, Mary K. 1976 Incongruity, Problem-Solving and Laughter. In Humour and Laughter: Theory, Research and Applications, Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. Pp. 37-54. London: Wiley. 1977 Psychological Approaches to the Study of Humour. In It's a Funny Thing, Humour, Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. Pp. 87-94. Oxford: Pergamon.
    • (1976) Humour and Laughter: Theory, Research and Applications , pp. 37-54
    • Rothbart, M.K.1
  • 61
    • 0038554374 scopus 로고
    • Psychological Approaches to the Study of Humour
    • Oxford: Pergamon
    • Rothbart, Mary K. 1976 Incongruity, Problem-Solving and Laughter. In Humour and Laughter: Theory, Research and Applications, Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. Pp. 37-54. London: Wiley. 1977 Psychological Approaches to the Study of Humour. In It's a Funny Thing, Humour, Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. Pp. 87-94. Oxford: Pergamon.
    • (1977) It's a Funny Thing, Humour , pp. 87-94
    • Chapman, A.J.1    Foot, H.C.2
  • 63
    • 85064863826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Temperament Approach to Humor
    • Willibald Ruch, ed. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter
    • Ruch, Willibald, and Gabriele Köhler 1998 A Temperament Approach to Humor. In The Sense of Humor: Explorations of a Personality Characteristic, Willibald Ruch, ed. Pp. 203-228. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
    • (1998) The Sense of Humor: Explorations of a Personality Characteristic , pp. 203-228
    • Ruch, W.1    Köhler, G.2
  • 65
    • 0003329403 scopus 로고
    • A Cognitive-Developmental Analysis of Humour
    • Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. London: Wiley
    • Shultz, Thomas R. 1976 A Cognitive-Developmental Analysis of Humour. In Humour and Laughter: Theory, Research and Applications, Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot, eds. Pp. 11-36. London: Wiley.
    • (1976) Humour and Laughter: Theory, Research and Applications , pp. 11-36
    • Shultz, T.R.1
  • 67
    • 0345816104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Critique of Recent Theories of Laughter and Humor, with Special Reference to the Comedy of Seinfeld
    • Storey, Robert 1996 Mimesis and the Human Animal: On the Biogenetic Foundations of Literary Representation. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. 2001 A Critique of Recent Theories of Laughter and Humor, with Special Reference to the Comedy of Seinfeld. Interdisciplinary Literary Studies 2:75-92.
    • (2001) Interdisciplinary Literary Studies , vol.2 , pp. 75-92
  • 68
    • 0030525240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the Origins of Narrative: Storyteller Bias as a Fitness-Enhancing Strategy
    • Sugiyama, Michelle Scalise 1996 On the Origins of Narrative: Storyteller Bias as a Fitness-Enhancing Strategy. Human Nature 7:403-425.
    • (1996) Human Nature , vol.7 , pp. 403-425
    • Sugiyama, M.S.1
  • 69
    • 0002597039 scopus 로고
    • A Two-Stage Model for the Appreciation of Jokes and Cartoons: An Information-Processing Analysis
    • Jeffrey H. Goldstein and Paul E. McGhee, eds. New York: Academic Press
    • Suls, Jerry M. 1972 A Two-Stage Model for the Appreciation of Jokes and Cartoons: An Information-Processing Analysis. In The Psychology of Humor: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Issues, Jeffrey H. Goldstein and Paul E. McGhee, eds. Pp. 81-100. New York: Academic Press. 1983 Cognitive Processes in Humor Appreciation. In Handbook of Humor Research, Vol. 1: Basic Issues, Paul E. McGhee and Jeffrey H. Goldstein, eds. Pp. 39-57. New York: Springer-Verlag.
    • (1972) The Psychology of Humor: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Issues , pp. 81-100
    • Suls, J.M.1
  • 70
    • 0002805676 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive Processes in Humor Appreciation
    • New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Suls, Jerry M. 1972 A Two-Stage Model for the Appreciation of Jokes and Cartoons: An Information-Processing Analysis. In The Psychology of Humor: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Issues, Jeffrey H. Goldstein and Paul E. McGhee, eds. Pp. 81-100. New York: Academic Press. 1983 Cognitive Processes in Humor Appreciation. In Handbook of Humor Research, Vol. 1: Basic Issues, Paul E. McGhee and Jeffrey H. Goldstein, eds. Pp. 39-57. New York: Springer-Verlag.
    • (1983) Handbook of Humor Research, Vol. 1: Basic Issues , vol.1 , pp. 39-57
    • McGhee, P.E.1    Goldstein, J.H.2
  • 71
    • 0023968228 scopus 로고
    • Illusion and Well-Being: A Social Psychological Perspective on Mental Health
    • Taylor, Shelley E., and Jonathon D. Brown 1988 Illusion and Well-Being: A Social Psychological Perspective on Mental Health. Psychological Bulletin 103:193-210.
    • (1988) Psychological Bulletin , vol.103 , pp. 193-210
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Brown, J.D.2
  • 73
    • 0000139002 scopus 로고
    • The Adaptive Value of Humor and Laughter
    • Weisfeld, Glenn E. 1993 The Adaptive Value of Humor and Laughter. Ethology and Sociobiology 14:141-169.
    • (1993) Ethology and Sociobiology , vol.14 , pp. 141-169
    • Weisfeld, G.E.1
  • 74
    • 0345816103 scopus 로고
    • Humor in Israel
    • Avner Ziv, ed. New York: Greenwood Press
    • Ziv, Avner 1988 Humor in Israel. In National Styles of Humor, Avner Ziv, ed. Pp. 113-132. New York: Greenwood Press.
    • (1988) National Styles of Humor , pp. 113-132
    • Ziv, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.