Arbitration of employment-discrimination lawsuits: Legalities, practicalities, and realities

Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly

Volumn 43, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 62-72

  Sherwyn, David ^a  

^a School of Hotel Administration ^*  (United States)

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EID: 0346903450     PISSN: 00108804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0010-8804(02)80072-6     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. See: U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Comm'n, Enforcement Statistics FY 1986–1996 May 1997 and “U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Comm'n, Enforcement Statistics FY 2001,” at www.eeoc.gov. at www.eeoc.gov.
2. One commentator, Michael Selmi, notes that the EEOC often informs the plaintiff of its intention to issue a no-cause finding before doing so to afford the plaintiff an opportunity to request a right-to-sue notice. See: Michael Selmi The Value of the EEOC: Reexamining the Agency's Role in Employment Discrimination Law 1996 57 Ohio St. L.J. 1, 9 n. 35
3. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission web site, http://www.eeoc.gov/stats/all.html (as viewed on January 13, 2002).
4. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission web site, http://www.eeoc.gov/stats/all.html (as viewed on January 13, 2002).
5. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission web site, http://www.eeoc.gov/stats/all.html (as viewed on January 13, 2002).
6. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission web site, http://www.eeoc.gov/stats/all.html (as viewed on January 13, 2002).
7. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission web site, http://www.eeoc.gov/stats/all.html (as viewed on January 13, 2002).
8. David Sherwyn J. Bruce Tracey Zev J. Eigen In Defense of Mandatory Arbitration of Employment Disputes: Saving the Baby, Tossing Out the Bath Water, and Constructing a New Sink in the Process University of Pennsylvania Journal of Labor and Employment Law Vol. 2 No. 1 Spring 1999 73 150
9. Sherwyn et al. , “Mandatory Arbitration,” supra note 4, at 80–82.
10. Telephone interviews with David Ritter, chair of the Labor and Employment Department at the law firm of Altheimer & Grey, in Chicago, IL; and Peter Albrecht, partner at the law firm of Godfrey & Kahn, in Madison, Wisconsin (March 12, 1998).
11. Sherwyn et al. , “Mandatory Arbitration,” supra note 4, at 82.
12. 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e-2000e17 (1994).
13. 29 U.S.C. §§ 621–634 (1994).
14. 42 U.S.C. §§12101-12134 (1994).
15. See: Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co. , 415 U.S. 36 (1974); Gilmer v. Johnson-Interstate Corp. , 500 U.S. 20 (1991); Wright v. Universal Maritime Service Corp., et. al. , 525 U.S. 70 (1998); Circuit City v. Adams , 532 U.S. 105 (2001); and EEOC v. Waffle House, Inc. , 121 S. Ct. 1401 (2001) (cert. granted).
16. See, for example: Samuel Estreicher, 16 Ohio St. J. on Disp. Resol. 559 (2001); Delphene Hardin, “Sacrificing Statutory Rights on the Altar of Pre-dispute Employment Agreements Mandating Arbitration,” 28 Cap. U.L. Rev. 455 (2000); Richard A. Bales, “Compulsory Employment Arbitration and the EEOC,” 27 Pepp. L. Rev. 1 (1999); and Samuel Estreicher, “Predispute Agreements to Arbitrate Statutory Employment Claims,” 72 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1344 (1997).
17. Sherwyn et al. , “Mandatory Arbitration,” supra note 4, at n. 16. See also: David Sherwyn, “Because It Takes Two: Why Post-dispute Voluntary Arbitration Programs Will Fail to Fix the Problems Associated with Employee Discrimination-law Arbitration,” forthcoming, Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law.
18. See: Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co. , 415 U.S. 36, 47 (1974) (“There is no suggestion in [Title VII] that a prior arbitral decision either forecloses an individual's right to sue or divests federal courts of jurisdiction.”); Utley v. Goldman Sachs & Co. , 883 F.2d 184, 187 (1st Cir. 1989) (holding that Title VII claims are nonarbitrable in nonunion employment setting); and Swenson v. Management Recruiters Int'., Inc. , 872 F.2d 264 (8th Cir. 1989) (distinguishing commercial from civil rights disputes in terms of mandatory arbitration).
19. 415 U.S. 36 (1974).
20. See, for example: McDonald v. City of West Branch , Michigan, 466 U.S. 284 (1984).
21. 156 F.3d 298 (2nd Cir. 1998).
22. 156 F.3d 298 (2nd Cir. 1998).
23. th Cir. 2000).
24. th Cir. 1999).
25. 122 S. Ct. 754 (2002).
26. See: Waffle House, supra fn. 47.
27. Kulukundi's Shipping Co. v. Amtorg Trading Corp. , 126 F. 2d 978, 982-85 (2nd Cir. 1942) (offering an account of historical and judicial attitudes towards enforcement of arbitration agreements).
28. Gilmer , 500 U.S. at 25, citing Moses H. Cone Mem'l Hosp. v. Mercury Constr. Corp. , 460 U.S. 1, 24 (1983); see: supra note 5.
29. Circuit City v. Adams , 532 U.S. 105 (2001).
30. th Cir. 2002). Hereafter, “ Circuit City II .”
31. th Cir. 2002). Hereafter, “ Circuit City II .”
32. th Cir. 2002). Hereafter, “ Circuit City II .”
33. 105 F.3d. 1465 (D.C. Cir. 1997).
34. Michael H. LeRoy and Peter Feuille, “The Evergreen Tree of Compulsory Arbitration? Where Cost is an Unlawful Barrier to Private Dispute Resolution” (forthcoming, UCLA Law Review ).
35. th 83 (Cal. 2000).
36. th Cir. 2002).
37. th Cir. 2002).
38. Pub. L. No. 102-166, § 118, 105 Stat. 1071, 1081 (1991) (codified in scattered sections of 2 U.S.C., 29 U.S.C. and 42 U.S.C.).
39. 144 F.3d 1182, 1185 (9th Cir. 1998).
40. See: Rosenberg v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. , 170 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 1999); Desiderio v. NASD , 191 F.3d 198 (2nd Cir. 1999); Seus v. John Nuveen & Co. , 146 F.3d 175 (3rd Cir. 1998); Hooters of America, Inc. v. Philips , 173 F.3d 933 (4th Cir. 1999); Mouton v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. , 147 F.3d 453 (5th Cir. 1998); and Koveleski v. SBC Capital Markets, Inc. , 167 F.3d 361 (7th Cir. 1999).
41. 2002 U.S. App. LEXIS 18043 (Ninth Cir. 2002).
42. Circuit City II at 893 (emphasis added).
43. See, for example: Trumbull v. Century Mktg. Corp. , 12 F. Supp. 2d 683 (N.D. Ohio 1988) (denying enforcement where the arbitration-of-claims policy was found on less than two pages in the middle of a 60-page employee handbook).