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We focused on comparisons between substituents at C-2, C-3, and C-4 because of difficulties associated with C-5 alkoxy-substituted systems. Placing an alkoxy group at C-5 of the cation would make a substrate with two acetal carbon centers, and the analysis would be complicated by the regioselectivity of oxocarbenium ion formation and isomerization of products. Pyran acetals with alkyl groups at C-5 normally undergo substitution with high anti selectivity. See, for example: Brown, D. S.; Ley, S. V.; Bruno, M. Heterocycles 1989, 28, 773-777.
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Evidence that these reactions proceeded by oxocarbenium ions was provided by the acetates 21b. In this case, the two anomers of the starting material were separable, and both anomers give the same product with the same degree of selectivity.
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60
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