Black's Theory on the Behavior of Law Revisited II: A Restatement of Black's Concept of Law

International Journal of the Sociology of Law

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 75-119

  Wong, Kam C ^a  

^a CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0346762524     PISSN: 01946595     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/ijsl.1998.0059     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. Adler, F., Mueller, G.O. W. & Laufer, W.S. (1994) Criminal Justice. McGraw-Hill: New York.
2. Austin, J. (1890) Lectures on Jurisprudence. Murray: London.
3. Babbie, E. (1995) The Practice of Social Research. 7th edn. Wadsworth Publishing Co.: Belmont, CA
4. Bacon, F. (1620) Francis Bacon, Selected Writings. (Dick, H.G. Ed., 1955). Modern Library: New York.
5. Becker, C. (1832) Heavenly City of the Eighteenth-Century Philosophers. Yale University Press: New Haven, CT.
6. Bennet, T. (1990) Evaluating Neighbourhood Watch. Gower: U.K..
7. Bendix, R. (1976) Kings or People. University of California Press: Berkeley, CA.
8. Berk, S.F. & Loseke, D.R. (1981) 'Handling' family violence: situational determinants of police arrest in domestic disturbances. Law and Society Review 22, 317-348.
9. Berman, H.J. & Greiner, W.R. (1966) The Nature and Functions of Law. The Foundation Press: New York.
10. Berman, H. (1982) Law and Revolution. Harvard University Press: Boston, MA.
11. Black, D. (1970) Production of crime rates. American Sociologic Review 70, 733-748.
12. Black, D. (1972) The social organization of arrest. Stanford Law Review 23, 1087-1111.
13. Black, D. (1973) The mobilization of law. Journal of Legal Studies 2, 125-149.
14. Black, D. (1976) The Behavior of Law. Academic Press: New York.
15. Black, D. (1993) The Social Structure of Right and Wrong. Academic Press: California.
16. Bloch, M. (1961) Feudal Society. Chicago University Press: Chicago.
17. Blumberg, A.S. (1967) Criminal Justice. Quadrangle Books: Chicago.
18. De Sousa Santos, B. (1982) Law and community: the changing nature of state power in late capitalism. In The Politics of Informal Justice, Vol. I. (R.L. Abel, Ed.) Academic Press: New York, pp. 249-267.
19. Bodde, B. & Morris, C. (1967) Law in Imperial China. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.
20. Briffault, R. (1990a) Our localism: part I - the structure of local government law. Columbia Law Review 90, 1-115.
21. Briffault, R. (1990b) Our localism: part II - localism and legal theory. The structure of local government law. Columbia Law Review 90, 346-456.
22. Cannon, J. & Griffiths, R. (1992) The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy. Oxford University Press: Oxford, London.
23. Ch'u, T. (1956) Law and Society in Traditional China. Nouton & Co: Paris.
24. Church, T.W. Jr. (1985) Examination of local legal culture. American Bar Foundation Research Journal 449-518.
25. Cohen, S. (1979) The punitive city: notes on the dispersal of social control. Contemporary Crises 3, 339.
26. Cole, C. (1990) Federal and state "state action" the undercritical embrace of a hypercriticized doctrine. Ga LR 24, 327.
27. Cotterell, R. (1983) The sociology concept of law. Journal of Law and Society 10, 242-253.
28. Cotterell, R. (1988) The Politics of Jurisprudence. Butterworths: London.
29. Cunningham, W.C. & Taylor, T.H. (1985) Crime and Protection in America: A Study of Private Security and Law Enforcement Resources and Relationships - Executive Summary. NIJ: Washington, DC.
30. Davis, C. (1969) Discretionary Justice: A Preliminary Inquiry. Louisiana State University Press: Baton Rouge.
31. Descartes, R. (1637) In A Critical History of Western Philosophy (D.J. O'Connor ed.) The Free Press: New York, pp. 107-187.
32. Devlin, P. (1965) The Enforcement of Morals. Oxford University Press: London.
33. D'Entreves, A.P. (1975) The Nation of the State. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England.
34. Elazar, D.L. (1987) Exploring Federalism. University of Alabama Press: Tuscaloosa.
35. Erez, E. & Tontodonato, P. (1990) The effect of victim participation on sentencing outcomes. Criminology 28, 451-475.
36. Fieldhouse, D.K. (1965) The Colonial Empire. Delacorte Press: New York.
37. Fitzjames, J. (1883) A History of the Criminal Law in England, Vol. 1. Macmillan: London.
38. Foucault, M. (1970) The Order of Things. Random House: New York.
39. Foucault, M. (1975) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. (Alan Sheridan, transl.) Peregrine Books: Harmondsworth.
40. Frug, G.E. (1980) The city as a legal concept. Harvard Law Review 93, 1057-1157.
41. Frug, J. (1993) Decentering decentralization. University of Chicago Law Review 60, 253-338.
42. Garofalo, J. & McLeod, M. (1986) Improving the Effectiveness of Neighborhood Watch Programs. Hindelang Criminal Justice Research, SUNY Albany: New York.
43. Garofalo, J. & McLeod, M. (1989) The structure and operations of neighborhood watch programs in the United States. Crime and Delinquency 35, 326-344.
44. Geller, W.A. (1991) Local Government Police Management. International City Management Association: Washington, DC.
45. Gottfredson, M.R. & Gottfredson, D.M. (1988) Decision Making in Criminal Justices: Toward the Rational Exercise of Discretion. 2nd edn. Plenum: New York.
46. Griffiths, J. (1984) The division of labor in social control. In Towards a General Theory of Social Control, Vol. I. (D. Black, Ed.) Academic Press: New York, pp. 37-70.
47. Griffiths, I. (1986) What is legal pluralism? Journal of Legal Pluralism 24, 1-25.
48. Harrington, C.B. (1982) Delegalization reform movements: a historical analysis. In The Politics of Informal Justice, Vol. I. (R.L. Abel, Ed.) Academic Press: New York.
49. Heumann, M. (1978) Plea Bargaining: The Experiences of Prosecutors, Judges, and Defense Attorneys. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
50. Hirschel, D.J., Hutchison, I.W., Dean, C.W & Mills, A.M. (1992) Review essay on the law enforcement responses of spouse abuse: past, present, and future. Justice Quarterly 9, 247-283.
51. Hooker, M.B. (1975) Legal Pluralism: An Introduction to Colonial and Neo-Colonial Laws. Clarendon Press: Oxford.
52. Huang, L.H. (1699, translated 1984) Hu-hui ch'uan-shu (A Complete Book Concerning Happiness and Benevolence: A Manual for Local Magistrates in Seventh-Century China). (translated and edited by D. Chu). The University of Arizona Press: Arizona.
53. Jacob, H. (1977) Statesville: The Penitentiary in Mass Society. University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
54. Jacoby, J.E. et al. (1982) Prosecutorial Decisionmaking: A National Study. National Institute of Justice: Washington, DC.
55. Kant, I. (1969) Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. (R.P. Wolff Ed.) Bobbs-Merrill Educational Publishing: Indianapolis, IN.
56. Kongfu dangan xuanpian. (Collection of Confucius Household Records) (1982) Xhonghua shuju: Beijing.
57. LaFave, W. (1965) Arrest: The Decision to Take a Suspect Into Custody. Little Brown: Boston.
58. Lawson, N. (1988) The View From No. 11. Bantam Press: New York.
59. Locke, J. (1690) Two Treatises of Government. In John Locke (R.I. Aron Ed), 2nd edn, 1955. Oxford University Press: London.
60. Lowi, T. (1969) The End of Liberalism. Morton: New York.
61. Lundman, R.J. (1974) Deference in police-citizen encounters. Social Problems 22, 128-136.
62. Lundman, R.J., Sykes, R.E. & Clark, J.P. (1980) Police control of juveniles: a replication. In Police Behavior: A Sociological Perspective(R.J. Lundman, Ed.). Oxford University Press: New York, pp. 130-151.
63. Macaulay A. (1986) Private Government. In Law and the Social Science (L. Lipson & S. Wheeler, Eds). Russell Sage Foundation: New York, pp. 100-126.
64. McDonald, W.F. (1976) Criminal Justice and Victims. Sage: Beverly Hills, CA.
65. McRae, K.D. (Ed.) (1606, facsimile reprint 1962) The Six Books of a Commonwealth. Harvard University Press: Boston, MA.
66. Mandelker, T. (1958) Standards for municipal incorporation on the urban fringe. Texas Law Review 36, 271.
67. Marongiu, A. (1968) Medieval Parliaments. Eyre & Spottiswoode: London.
68. Marx, G.T. (1989) Commentary: some trends and issues in citizen involvement in the law enforcement process. Crime and Delinquency 35, 500-519.
69. Merry, S.E. (1988) Legal pluralism. Law and Society Review 225, 869-896.
70. Merton, R. (1976) Sociological Ambivalence and Other Essays. Free Press: New York.
71. Meyers, M.A (1979) Offended parties and official reactions: victims and the sentencing of criminal defendants. Sociological Quarterly 529-540.
72. Moore, S.F. (1973) Law and social change: the semi-autonomous social field as an appropriate subject of study. Law and Society Review 7, 719-746.
73. Nevin, S. (1985) State actions - making sense out of chaos - an historical approach. University of Florida Law Review 37, 737.
74. Patterson, E. (1953) Jurisprudence. Foundation Press: Brooklyn.
75. Pennell, S., Curtis, C. & Henderson, J. (1985) Guardian Angels: An Assessment of Citizens Responses to Crime, Vol. 2. San Diego Association of Governments: San Diego, CA.
76. Perry, J.B. Jr. & Pugh, M.D. (1989) Public support of guardian angels: vigilante protection against crime, Toledo, Ohio, 1984. Sociology and Social Research 73, 129-131.
77. Piliavin, I. & Briar, S. (1964) Police encounters with juveniles. American Journal of Sociology 70, 206-214.
78. Posner, R.A. (1973) Economic Analysis of Law. Little Brown: Boston.
79. Pospisil, L. (1971) The Anthropology of Law: A Comparative Theory of Law. Harper & Row New York.
80. Qu, T.Z. (1981) Zhongguo falu yu zhongguo shehui. Zhonghua shuju: Beijing.
81. Reiss, A.J. Jr (1971) The Police and the Public. Yale University Press: New Haven, CT.
82. Reiss, A.J. Jr (1988) Private employment of public police. National Institute of Justice Reports 210, NIJ: Washington, DC.
83. Rosenbaum, D.R. (Ed.) (1986) Community Crime Prevention: Does it Work? Sage Publications: Beverly Hills, CA.
84. Rosenbaum, D. (1988) Community crime prevention: a review and synthesis of the literature. Justice Quarterly 6, 323-395.
85. Rosenbaum, D.P., Lurigio, A. & Lavrakas, P.J. (1989) Enhancing citizen participation and solving serious crime: a national evaluation of crime stoppers programs. Crime and Delinquency 35, 401-420.
86. Rosett, A & Cressey D.R. (1976) Justice by Consent. J.B. Lippincott Co.: Philadephia.
87. Rothman, D. (1980) Conscience and Convenience: The Asylum and Its Alternatives in Progressive America. Little Brown: Boston.
88. Rousseau, J.J. (1760, translated 1797) The Social Contract. Hafner Publishing Co.: New York.
89. Sale, K. (1990) The Conquest of Paradise. Alfred A. Knopf: New York.
90. Schutt, R.K. & Dannefer, D. (1988) Detention decisions in juvenile cases JIN, JDs, and gender. Law and Society Review 22, 509-520.
91. Schubert, G. (1975) Public Law as Political Science. University of Hawaii Press: Hawaii.
92. Shearing, C.D. & Stenning, P.S. (1983) Private security: implications for social control. Social Problems 30, 493-506.
93. Sherman, L. (Ed.) (1978) Review symposium on The Behavior of Law. Contemporary Sociology 7, 11-15.
94. Shih-chao sheng-hsun. (Sacred instructions or imperial injunctions of ten reigns) (n.d.), Vol. 4. Xuelin: Taiwan.
95. Skolnick, J.H. (1967) Social control in the adversary system. Journal of Conflict Resolution 11, 52-70.
96. Skolnick, J.H. (1975) Justice Without Trial: Law Enforcement in Democratic Society. 2nd edn. John Wiley: New York.
97. Spinoza, B. (1674) In A Critical History of Western Philosophy (D.J. O'Connor, Ed.) The Free Press: New York.
98. Stanko, E.A. (1981-1982) The impact of victim assessment on prosecutors' screening decisions: the case of the New York County District Attorney's Office. Law and Society Review 16, 225-239.
99. Sumner, C. (1979) Reading Ideologies. Academic Press: New York.
100. Sykes, R.E. & Clark, J.P. (1975) A theory of deference exchange in police-civilian encounters. American Journal of Sociology 81, 584-600.
101. Teubner, G. (1993) The "state" of private networks: the emerging legal regime of polycorporatism in Germany. Brigham Young University Law Review 50, 553-575.
102. Toch, H. (1990) Falling in love with a book. Journal of Criminal Justice Education 3: 245-255.
103. U.S. Government Printing Office. (1992) Criminal Victimization in the United States, 1990. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC.
104. Van der Sprenkel, S. (1962) Legal Institutions in Manchu China. University of London: London.
105. Walsh, W.F. & Donovan, E.J. (1898) Private security and community policing: evaluation and comment. Journal of Criminal Justice 17, 187-197.
106. Weber, M. (1954) On Law in Economy and Society. (Translated by E. Shils & M. Rheinstein). Clarion Books: New York.
107. Weiss, P. (1986) Towards a Perfected State. State University of New York: Albany, NY.
108. Weng, B. (1987-1988) The Hong Kong model of 'one country, two systems': promise and problems. Asian Affairs, An American Review 14(4), 193-209.
109. Weng, B. (1995) Sovereign split - towards a theory of divided nation. Professorial Inaugural Lecture Series 20. Chinese University of Hong Kong: Hong Kong.
110. Wilson, J.Q. (1968) Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in Eight Communities. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.
111. Wong, K.C. (1995) Black's theory on the behaviour of law revisited. International Journal of the Sociology of Law 23, 213-215.
112. Wong, K.C. (1988)The Behavior of Qing Dynasty Speech Crime Law in China: A Cross-cultural Application of Black's Theory of Law. Ph.D. Thesis, School of Criminal Justice, State University of New York: Albany, New York.
113. Wong, K.C. (1998a) Black's theory on the behaviour of law revisited III: law as more or less governmental social control. (In review).
114. Wong, K.C. (1998b) Community Policing in China: Philosophy, Law and Practice. Paper presented at Academy of Criminal Justice Science Annual Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 13 March 1998.
115. Wong, K.C. (1998c) Confucianization of Quing law: a study of speech crime prosecutions in China. (In review).
116. Worden, R.E. (1989) Situational and attitudinal explanations of police behavior: a theoretical reappraisal and empirical assessment. Law and Society Review 23, 667-711.
117. Yu, Y. (1984) Shi Yu Zhongguo Wenhua (The Intellectual and Chinese Culture). Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe: Shanghai.