Staged Decompression to 3.5 psi Using Argon-Oxygen and 100% Oxygen Breathing Mixtures

Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine

Volumn 74, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 1243-1250

  Pilmanis, Andrew A ^a   Balldin, Ulf I ^b   Webb, James T ^b   Krause, Kevin M ^b  

^a AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Air Force Materiel Command   (United States)

Author keywords

Argon; Decompression sickness; Staged decompression; Venous gas emboli

Indexed keywords

ARGON; INERT GAS; NITROGEN; OXYGEN;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AEROSPACE MEDICINE; AIR EMBOLISM; ARTICLE; ASTRONOMY; ATMOSPHERE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECOMPRESSION; DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS; DENITROGENATION; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; GAS EMBOLISM; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPOBARISM; HYPOTHESIS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MAST SUIT; MUSCLE FATIGUE; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN BREATHING; OXYGEN THERAPY; OXYGENATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREOXYGENATION; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SPACE FLIGHT; TECHNIQUE; WEIGHT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AEROSPACE MEDICINE; ARGON; ATMOSPHERE; DECOMPRESSION; DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS; EMBOLISM, AIR; GRAVITY SUITS; HUMANS; MALE; MARS; MIDDLE AGED; OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0346753741     PISSN: 00956562     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1995:55-8.
2. Bennett PB, Hayward AJ. Relative decompression sickness hazards in rats of neon and other inert gases. Aerosp Med 1968; 39:301-2.
3. Burkard ME, Van Liew HD. Effects of physical properties of the breathing gas on decompression-sickness bubbles. J Appl Phsiol 1995; 79:1828-36.
4. Burkard ME, Van Liew HD. Simulation of exchanges of multiple gases in bubbles in the body. Respir Physiol 1994; 95:131-45.
5. Cooke JP, Ikels KG, Adams JD, Miller RL. Relation of breathing oxygen-argon gas mixtures to altitude decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1980; 51:537-41.
6. Conkin J. The Mars project. Avoiding decompression sickness on a distant planet. Houston, TX: NASA; 2000. TM 2000-210188: 1-37.
7. Conkin J, BF Edwards, JM Waligora, DJ Horrigan. Empirical models for use in designing decompression procedures for space operations. Houston, TX: NASA: Johnson Space Center; 1987. TM 1 1987; 00456.
8. Gernhardt ML, Conkin J, Foster PP, et al. Design of a 2-hour prebreathe protocol for space walks from the International Space Station $(Abstract$). Aviat Space Environ Med 2000; 71: 277.
9. Horrigan DJ, Wells CH, Guest MM, et al. Tissue gas and blood analyses of human subjects breathing 80% argon and 20% oxygen. Aviat Space Environ Med 1979; 50:357-62.
10. Ikels K, Adams JD. Molecular sieve oxygen generating system: the argon question - a brief review. Aviat Space Environ Med 1979; 50:939-42.
11. Lillo RS, MacCallum ME. Effect of inert gas switching at depth on decompression outcome in rats. J Appl Physiol 1989; 67:1354-63.
12. Lillo RS, Maccallum ME, Caldwell JM. Intravascular bubble composition in guinea pigs: a possible explanation for differences in decompression risk among different gases. Undersea Biomed Res 1992; 19:375-86.
13. Loftin KC, Conkin J, Powell MR. Modeling the effects of exercise during 100% oxygen prebreathe on the risk of hypobaric decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1997; 68:199-204.
14. Ryles MT, Pilmanis AA. The initial signs and symptoms of altitude decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1996; 67:983-9.
15. Spencer MP. Decompression limits for compressed air determined by ultrasonically detected blood bubbles. J Appl Physiol 1976; 40:229-35.
16. Waligora JM, Horrigan DJ, Conkin J. The effect of extended O2 prebreathing on altitude decompression sickness and venous gas bubbles. Aviat Space Environ Med 1987; 58:A110-2.
17. Waligora JM, Horrigan DJ, Conkin J, Hadley AT III. Verification of an altitude decompression sickness prevention protocol for shuttle operations utilizing a 10.2 psi pressure stage. Houston, TX: NASA: Johnson Space Center; 1984. TM 58259 (NTIS #N84-28392).
18. Webb JT, Fischer MD, Heaps CL, Pilmanis AA. Exercise-enhanced preoxygenation increases protection from decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1996; 67:618-24.
19. Webb JT, Krause KM, Pilmanis AA, et al. The effect of exposure to 35,000 ft on incidence of altitude decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 2001; 72:509-12.
20. Webb JT, Pilmanis AA. Breathing 100% oxygen compared with 50% oxygen: 50% nitrogen reduces altitude-induced venous gas emboli. Aviat Space Environ Med 1993; 64:808-12.
21. Webb JT, Pilmanis AA, Fischer MD, Kannan N. Enhancement of preoxygenation for decompression sickness protection: effect of exercise duration. Aviat Space Environ Med 2002; 73:1161-66.
22. Webb JT, Pilmanis AA, Kannan N, Olson RM. The effect of staged decompression while breathing 100% oxygen on altitude decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 2000; 71:692-8.
23. Webb JT, Pilmanis AA, O'Connor RB. An abrupt zero-preoxygenation altitude threshold for decompression sickness symptoms. Aviat Space Environ Med 1998; 69:335-40.
24. Weinberg MC, Subramanian RS. Dissolution of multicomponent bubbles. J Am Ceram Soc 1980; 63:527-31.
25. West JB. Fire hazard in oxygen-enriched atmospheres at low barometric pressures. Aviat Space Environ Med 1997; 68:159-162.