A novel poxvirus lethal to red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris)

Journal of General Virology

Volumn 84, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 3337-3341

  Thomas, Kathryn ^a   Tompkins, Daniel M ^b,e   Sainsbury, Anthony W ^c   Wood, Ann R ^a   Dalziel, Robert ^d   Nettleton, Peter F ^a   McInnes, Colin J ^a  

^a MOREDUN RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

^c INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOSINE; GUANINE;

AMINO ACID COMPOSITION; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CHORDOPOXVIRINAE; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CLINICAL OBSERVATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; EPIDEMIC; GENETIC CONSERVATION; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; GENUS; LETHALITY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PARAPOXVIRUS; PATHOGENESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POXVIRUS; POXVIRUS INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SKIN DEFECT; SOUTHERN BLOTTING; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; SQUIRREL; UNITED KINGDOM; VIRUS GENE; VIRUS ISOLATION; VIRUS MORPHOLOGY;

ANIMALS; BASE COMPOSITION; CHORDOPOXVIRINAE; DERMATITIS; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; GENES, VIRAL; GREAT BRITAIN; PHYLOGENY; POXVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; SCIURIDAE; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS;

ANIMALIA; CHORDOPOXVIRINAE; DNA VIRUSES; PARAPOXVIRUS; POXVIRIDAE; SCIURIDAE; SCIURUS; SCIURUS VULGARIS; TAMIASCIURUS;

EID: 0346752198     PISSN: 00221317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19464-0     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Ahn, B. Y., Gershon, P. D., Jones, E. V. & Moss, B. (1990). Identification of rpo30, a vaccinia virus RNA polymerase gene with structural similarity to a eucaryotic transcription elongation factor. Mal Cell Biol 10, 5433-5441.
2. Becher, P., Konig, M., Muller, G., Siebert, U. & Thiel, H. J. (2002). Characterization of sealpox virus, a separate member of the parapoxviruses. Arch Virol 147, 1133-1140.
3. Deane, D., McInnes, C. J., Percival, A. & 7 other authors (2000). Orf virus encodes a novel secreted protein inhibitor of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2. J Virol 74, 1313-1320.
4. Duff, J. P., Scott, A. & Keymer, I. F. (1996). Parapox virus infection of the grey squirrel. Vet Rec 138, 527.
5. Edwards, F. B. (1962). Red squirrel disease. Vet Rec 74, 739-741.
6. Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence intervals on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39, 783-791.
7. Fleming, S. B., McCaughan, C. A., Andrews, A. E., Nash, A. D. & Mercer, A. A. (1997). A homolog of interleukin-10 is encoded by the poxvirus orf virus. J Virol 71, 4857-4861.
8. Gurnell, J. & Pepper, H. (1993). A critical look at conserving the British red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris. Mammal Rev 23, 127-137.
9. Housawi, F. M. T., Roberts, G. M., Gilray, J. A., Pow, I., Reid, H. W., Nettleton, P. F., Sumption, K. J., Hibma, M. H. & Mercer, A. A. (1998). The reactivity of monoclonal antibodies against orf virus with other parapoxviruses and the identification of a 39 kDa immunodominant protein. Arch Virol 143, 2289-2303.
10. Inoshima, Y., Morooka, A. & Sentsui, H. (2000). Detection and diagnosis of parapoxvirus by the polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 84, 201-208.
11. Jones, D. T., Taylor, W. R. & Thornton, J. M. (1992). The rapid generation of mutation data matrices from protein sequences. Comput Appl Biosci 8, 275-282.
12. Kenward, R. E. & Holm, J. L. (1989). What future for British red squirrels? Biol J Linn Soc 38, 83-89.
13. Kovacs, G. R. & Moss, B. (1996). The vaccinia virus H5R gene encodes late gene transcription factor 4: purification, cloning, and overexpression. J Virol 70, 6796-6802.
14. Lloyd, H. G. (1983). Past and present distribution of red and grey squirrels. Mammal Rev 13, 69-80.
15. Lyttle, D. J., Fraser, K. M., Fleming, S. B., Mercer, A. A. & Robinson, A. J. (1994). Homologs of vascular endothelial growth factor are encoded by the poxvirus orf virus. J Virol 68, 84-92.
16. Mercer, A. A., Wise, L. M., Scagliarini, A. & 7 other authors (2002). Vascular enclothelial growth factors encoded by Orf virus show surprising sequence variation but have a conserved, functionally relevant structure. J Gen Virol 83, 2845-2855.
17. Page, R. D. (1996). TREEVIEW: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Comput Appl Biosci 12, 357-358.
18. Rushton, S. P., Lurz, P. W. W., Gurnell, J. & Fuller, R. (2000). Modelling the spatial dynamics of a parapoxvirus disease in red and grey squirrels: a possible cause of the decline of the red squirrel in the UK. J Appl Ecol 37, 997-1012.
19. Rziha, H. J., Bauer, B., Adam, K. H., Rottgen, M., Cottone, R., Henkel, M., Dehio, C. & Buttner, M. (2003). Relatedness and heterogeneity at the near-terminal end of the genome of a parapoxvirus bovis 1 strain (B177) compared with parapoxvirus ovis (Orf virus). J Gen Virol 84, 1111-1116.
20. Sainsbury, A. W. & Gurnell, J. (1995). An investigation into the health and welfare of red squirrels, Sciurus vulgaris, involved in reintroduction studies. Vet Rec 137, 367-370.
21. Sainsbury, A. W., Nettleton, P. & Gurnell, J. (1997). In The Conservation of Red Squirrels, Sciurus vulgaris L., pp. 105-108. Edited by J. Gurnell & P. Lurz. London: People's Trust for Endangered Species.
22. Sainsbury, A. W., Nettleton, P., Gilray, J. & Gurnell, J. (2000). Grey squirrels have a high seroprevalence to a parapoxvirus associated with deaths in red squirrels. Anim Conserv 3, 229-233.
23. Sands, J. J., Scott, A. C. & Harkness, J. W. (1984). Isolation in cell culture of a poxvirus from the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). Vet Rec 114, 117-118.
24. Savory, L. J., Stacker, S. A., Fleming, S. B., Niven, B. E. & Mercer, A. A. (2000). Viral vascular endothelial growth factor plays a critical role in orf virus infection. J Virol 74, 10699-10706.
25. Schmidt, H. A., Strimmer, K., Vingron, M. & von Haeseler, A. (2002). TREE-PUZZLE: maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using quartets and parallel computing. Bioinformatics 18, 502-504.
26. Scott, A. C., Keymer, I. F. & Labram, J. (1981). Parapoxvirus infection of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). Vet Rec 109, 202.
27. Senkevich, T. G., Koonin, E. V., Bugert, J. J., Darai, G. & Moss, B. (1997). The genome of molluscurn contagiosum virus: analysis and comparison with other poxviruses. Virology 233, 19-42.
28. Skelcher, G. (1997). In The Conservation of Red Squirrels, Sciurus vulgaris L., pp. 67-78. Edited by J. Gurnell & P. Lurz. London: People's Trust for Endangered Species.
29. Tompkins, D. M., Sainsbury, A. W., Nettleton, P., Buxton, D. & Gurnell, J. (2002). Parapoxvirus causes a deleterious disease in red squirrels associated with UK population declines. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 269, 529-533.
30. Tompkins, D. M., White, A. R. & Boots, M. (2003). Ecological replacement of native red squirrels by invasive greys driven by disease. Ecol Lett 6, 1-8.
31. Tulman, E. R., Afonso, C. L., Lu, Z., Zsak, L., Kutish, G. F. & Rock, D. L. (2001). Genome of lumpy skin disease virus. J Virol 75, 7122-7130.
32. Ueda, N., Wise, L. M., Stacker, S. A., Fleming, S. B. & Mercer, A. A. (2003). Pseudocowpox virus encodes a homolog of vascular endothelial growth factor. Virology 305, 298-309.
33. van Regenmortel, M. H. V., Fauquet, C. M., Bishop, D. H. L. & 8 other editors (2000). Virus Taxonomy. Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, pp. 137-157. San Diego: Academic Press.