Preschool children and behaviour problems: A prospective study

Childhood

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 439-466

  Najman, J M ^a   Bor, W ^b   Andersen, M J ^a   O'Callaghan, M ^c   Williams, G M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b QUEENSLAND HEALTH   (Australia)

^c Mater Hospital   (Australia)

Author keywords

Child behaviour problems; Child's health; Mental health; Mother's health; Mother's lifestyle; Preschool children

Indexed keywords

EID: 0346740084     PISSN: 09075682     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0907568200007004004     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Abel, E.L. (1984) 'Smoking and Pregnancy', Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 16: 327-38.
2. Abikoff, H. and R.G. Klein (1992) 'Attention Deficit Hyperactivity and Conduct Disorder. Comorbidity and Implications for Treatment', Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 60: 881-92.
3. Achenbach, T.M. (1991) Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont.
4. Achenbach, T.M., S.H. McConaughy and C.T. Howell (1987) 'Child/Adolescent Behavioral and Emotional Problems. Implications of Cross-Informant Correlations for Situational Specificity', Psychological Bulletin 101: 213-32.
5. Allport, G. (1961) Pattern and Growth in Personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
6. Barron, A.P. and F. Earls (1984) 'The Relation of Temperament and Social Factors to Behavior Problems in Three-Year-Old Children', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 25: 23-33.
7. Bates, J.E. and K. Bayles (1984) 'Objective and Subjective Components in Mothers' Perceptions of their Children from Age 6 Months to 3 Years', Merrill Palmer Quarterly 30: 111-30.
8. Bedford, A. and G.A. Foulds (1975) 'Humpty Dumpty and Psychiatric Diagnosis', Bulletin of British Psychological Society 28: 208-11.
9. Bedford, A. and G.A. Foulds (1978) Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory of Anxiety and Depression. Windsor: National Foundation for Educational Research.
10. Bedford, A., G.A. Foulds and B.F. Sheffield (1976) 'A New Personal Disturbance Scale (DSSI/sAD)', British Journal of Social Clinical Psychology 15: 387-94.
11. Belsky, J. (1984) 'The Determinants of Parenting: A Process Model', Child Development 55: 83-96.
12. Brody, G.H., Z. Stoneman and M. Burke (1988) 'Child Temperament and Parental Perceptions of Individual Child Adjustment: An Intrafamilial Analysis', American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 58: 532-42.
13. Campbell, S.B. and L.J. Ewing (1990) 'Hard-to-Manage-Preschoolers: Adjustment at Age Nine of Predictors of Continuing Symptoms', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 31: 871-89.
14. Campbell, S.B., C.L. March, E.W. Pierce, L.J. Ewing and and E.K. Szumowski (1991) 'Hard to Manage Preschool Boys: Family Context and the Stability of Externalizing Behavior', Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 19: 301-18.
15. Condon, J.T. and C.J. Corkindale (1997) 'The Assessment of Depression in the Postnatal Period: A Comparison of Four Self-Report Questionnaires', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31: 353-59.
16. Crockenberg, S. and C. Litman (1990) 'Autonomy as Competence in 2-Year-Olds: Maternal Correlates of Child Defiance, Compliance and Self-Assertion', Developmental Psychology 26: 961-71.
17. Dadds, M.R., M.R. Sanders, B.C. Behrens and J.E. James (1987) 'Marital Discord and Child Behavior Problems: A Description of Family Interactions during Treatment', Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 16: 192-203.
18. DiFranza, J.R. and R.A. Lew (1995) 'Effect of Maternal Cigarette Smoking on Pregnancy Complications and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome', Journal of Family Practice 40: 385-94.
19. Egeland, B., M. Kalkoshe, N. Gottesman and M.F. Erickson (1990) 'Preschool Behaviour Problems: Stability and Factors Accounting for Change', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 31: 891-909.
20. Elder, G.H. and A. Caspi (1988) 'Economic Stress in Lives: Developmental Perspectives', Journal of Social Issues 44: 25-45.
21. Emery, R.E. (1982) 'Interparental Conflict and the Children of Discord and Divorce', Psychological Bulletin 92: 310-30.
22. English, P.B. and B. Eskenazi (1992) 'Reinterpreting the Effects of Maternal Smoking on Infant Birthweight and Perinatal Mortality: A Multivariate Approach to Birthweight Standardization', International Journal of Epidemiology 21: 1097-105.
23. Eron, L.D., L.R. Huesmann and A. Zelli (1991) 'The Role of Parental Variables in the Learning Of Aggression', in D.J. Pepler and K.H. Rubin (eds) The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression, pp. 169-88. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
24. Eron, L.D., N. Guerra and L.R. Huesmann (1997) 'Poverty and Violence', in S. Feshach and J. Zagrodzka (eds) Aggression: Biological, Developmental and Social Perspectives, pp. 139-54. New York: Plenum Press.
25. Farrington, D.P. (1995) 'The Twelfth Jake Tizard Memorial Lecture: The Development of Offending and Antisocial Behaviour from Childhood: Lay Findings from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 360: 929-64.
26. Fergusson, D.M., L.J. Horwood, M.E. Gretton and F.T. Shannon, (1985) 'Family Life Events, Maternal Depression, and Maternal and Teacher Descriptions of Child Behavior', Pediatrics 75: 30-5.
27. Fergusson, D.M., L.J. Horwood and M.T. Lynskey (1993) 'Maternal Smoking Before and after Pregnancy: Effects on Behavioral Outcomes in Middle Childhood', Pediatrics 92: 815-22.
28. Foulds, G.A. and A. Bedford (1975) 'Hierarchy of Classes of Personal Illness', Psychological Medicine 5: 181-92.
29. Fried, P.A. and J.E. Makin (1987) 'Neonatal Behavioural Correlates of Prenatal Exposure to Marihuana, Cigarettes and Alcohol in a Low Risk Population', Neurotoxicology and Teratology 9: 1-7.
30. Fried, P.A., B. Watkinson, R.F. Dillon and C.S. Dulberg (1987) 'Neonatal Neurological Status in a Low Risk Population after Prenatal Exposure to Cigarettes, Marijuana, and Alcohol', Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 8: 318-32.
31. Fried, P.A., B. Watkinson and R. Gray (1992) 'A Follow-Up Study of Attentional Behavior in 6-Year-Old Children Exposed Prenatally to Marijuana, Cigarettes, and Alcohol', Neurotoxicology and Teratology 14: 299-311.
32. Friedlander, S., D.S. Weiss and J. Traylor (1986) 'Assessing the Influence of Maternal Depression on the Validity of the Child Behavior Checklist', Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 14: 123-33.
33. Gottman, J.M. and L.F. Katz (1989) 'Effects of Marital Discord on Young Children's Peer Interaction and Health', Developmental Psychology 25: 373-81.
34. Grunebaum, H., B.J. Cohler, C. Kauffman and D. Gallant (1978) 'Children of Depressed and Schizophrenic Mothers', Child Psychiatry and Human Development 8: 219-28.
35. Grych, J.H. and F.D. Fincham (1990) 'Marital Conflict and Children's Adjustment: A Cognitive-Contextual Framework', Psychological Bulletin 108: 267-90.
36. Hagino, N. and J.W. Lee (1985) 'Effect of Maternal Nicotine on the Development of Sites for (-sup-3H) Nicotine Binding in the Fetal Brain', International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 3: 567-71.
37. Hammen, C.L., C. Adrian, D. Gordon, C. Jaenicke and D. Hiroto (1987) 'Children of Depressed Mothers: Maternal Strain and Symptom Predictors of Dysfunction', Journal of Abnormal Psychology 96: 190-8.
38. Hetherington, E.M., M. Stanley-Hagan and E.R. Anderson (1989) 'Marital Transitions: A Child's Perspective', American Psychologist 44: 303-12.
39. Hinshaw, S.P., B.B. Lahey and E.L. Hart (1993) 'Issues of Taxonomy and Comorbidity in the Development of Conduct Disorder', Development and Psychopathology 5: 31-49.
40. Jacobson, S.W., G.G. Fein, J.L. Jacobson, P.M. Schwartz and J.K. Dowler (1984) 'Neonatal Correlates of Prenatal Exposure to Smoking, Caffeine, and Alcohol', Infant Behaviour and Development 7: 253-65.
41. Kazdin, A.E. (1987) 'Treatment of Antisocial Behavior in Children. Current Status and Future Directions', Psychological Bulletin 102: 187-203.
42. Keeping, J.D., J.M. Najman, J. Morrison, J.S. Western, M.J. Andersen and G.M. Williams (1989) 'A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Social, Psychological and Obstetrical Factors in Pregnancy: Response Rates and Demographic Characteristics of the 8556 Respondents', British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 96: 289-97.
43. Kuczynski, L., G. Kochanska, M. Radke-Yarrow and O. Girnius-Brown (1987) 'A Developmental Interpretation of Young Children's Noncompliance', Developmental Psychology 23: 799-806.
44. Loeber, R. and T. Dishion (1983) 'Early Predictors of Male Delinquency: A Review', Psychological Bulletin 94: 68-99.
45. Long, N., R. Forehand, R. Fauber and G.H. Brody (1987) 'Self Perceived and Independently Observed Competence of Young Adolescents as a Function of Parental Marital Conflict and Recent Divorce', Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 15: 15-27.
46. Maccoby, E.E. (1980) Social Development. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
47. McGee, R., P.A. Silva and S.M. Williams (1984) 'Perinatal, Neurological, Environmental and Developmental Characteristics of Seven-Year-Old Children with Stable Behaviour Problems', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 25: 573-86.
48. Makin, J., P.A. Fried and B. Watkinson (1991) 'A Comparison of Active and Passive Smoking During Pregnancy. Long-Term Effects', Neurotoxicology and Teratology 13: 5-12.
49. Minde, K., S. Goldberg, M. Perrotta, J. Washington, M. Lojkasek, C. Corter and K. Parker (1989). 'Continuities and Discontinuities in the Development of 64 Very Small Premature Infants to 4 Years of Age', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 30: 391-404.
50. Moffitt, T.E. (1993) 'The Neuropsychology of Conduct Disorder', Development and Psychopathology 5: 135-51.
51. Morey, L.C. (1985) 'A Comparative Validation of the Foulds and Bedford Hierarchy of Psychiatric Symtomatology', British Journal of Psychiatry 146: 424-28.
52. Naeye, R.L. and E.C. Peters (1984) 'Mental Development of Children Whose Mothers Smoked during Pregnancy', Obstetrics and Gynecology 64: 601-7.
53. Najman, J.M., G.M. Williams, J. Nikles, S. Spence, W. Bor, M. O'Callaghan, R. Le Brocque and M.J. Andersen (2000) 'Mothers' Mental Illness and Child Behavior Problems: Cause-Effect Association or Observation Bias?', Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 39: 592-602.
54. Offord, D.R., M.H. Boyle and Y. Racine (1989) 'Ontario Child Health Study: Correlates of Disorder', Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 28: 856-60.
55. Offord, D.R., M.H. Boyle and Y.A. Racine (1991) 'The Epidemiology of Antisocial Behavior', in D.E. Pepler and K.H. Rubin (eds) The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression, pp. 31-54. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
56. Panaccione, V.F. and R.G. Wahler (1986) 'Child Behavior, Maternal Depression, and Social Coercion as Factors in the Quality of Child Care', Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 14: 263-78.
57. Patterson, G.R. (1980) 'Mothers: The Unacknowledged Victims', Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 45: 64.
58. Patterson, G.R., B.D. DeBarysche and E. Ramsey (1989) 'A Developmental Perspective on Antisocial Behavior', American Psychologist 44: 329-35.
59. Reeder, L.G., P.G.M. Schrama and J.M. Dirken (1973) 'Stress and Cardiovascular Health: An International Cooperative study - I', Social Science and Medicine 7: 573-84.
60. Richman, N., J. Stevenson and P.J. Graham (1982) Preschool to School: A Behavioural Study. London: Academic Press.
61. Robins, L.N. (1978) 'Sturdy Childhood Predictors of Adult Antisocial Behaviour: Replications from Longitudinal Studies', Psychological Medicine 8: 611-22.
62. Rose, S.A., J.F. Feldman, S.L. Rose, I.F. Wallace and C. McCarton (1992) 'Behavior Problems at 3 and 6 Years: Prevalence and Continuity in Full Terms and Preterms', Development and Psychopathology 4: 361-74.
63. Sanson, A., F. Oberklaid, R. Pedlow and M. Prior (1991) 'Risk Indicators: Assessment of Infancy Predictors of Pre-School Behavioral Maladjustment', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 32: 609-26.
64. Schnurr, R., P.C.S. Hoaken and F.J. Jarrett (1976) 'Comparison of Depression Inventories in a Clinical Population', Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 21(7): 473-6.
65. Sharpley, C.F. and D.G. Cross (1982) 'A Psychometric Evaluation of the Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale', Journal of Marriage and the Family 44: 739-41.
66. Shaw, D.S., J.I. Vondra, K.D. Hommerding, K.D. Keenan and M. Dunn (1994) 'Chronic Family Adversity and Early Child Behavior Problems: A Longitudinal Study of Low Income Families', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 35: 1109-22.
67. Singer, J.L. (1984) The Human Personality. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
68. Slabach, E.H., J. Morrow and T.D. Wachs (1991) 'Questionnaire Measurement of Infant and Child Temperament. Current Status and Future Directions', in J. Strelau and A. Angleitner (eds) Explorations in Temperament: International Perspectives on Theory and Measurement. Perspectives on Individual Differences, pp. 205-34 New York: Plenum Press.
69. Snyder, J. (1991) 'Discipline as a Mediator of the Impact of Maternal Stress and Mood on Child Conduct Problems', Development and Psychopathology 3: 263-76.
70. Song, I.S. and J.A. Hattie (1984) 'Home Environment, Self-Concept, and Academic Achievement: A Causal Modelling Approach', Journal of Educational Psychology 76: 1269-81.
71. Spanier, G.B. (1976) 'Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales for Assessing the Quality of Marriage and Similar Dyads', Journal of Marriage and the Family 38: 15-28.
72. Spanier, G.B. and I. Thompson (1982) 'A Confirmatory Analysis of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale', Journal of Marriage and the Family 44: 731-8.
73. Szatmari, P., S. Saigal, P. Rosenbaum, D. Campbell and S. King (1990) 'Psychiatric Disorders at 5 Years among Children with Birthweights <1000 g: A Regional Perspective', Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 32: 954-62.
74. Van de Kamp, J.L. and A.C. Collins (1994) 'Prenatal Nicotine Alters Nicotinic Receptor Development in the Mouse Brain', Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 47: 889-900.
75. Weissman, M.M., J.R. Leckmann, K.R. Merikangas, G.D. Gammon and B.A. Prusoff (1984) 'Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Parents and Children: Results from the Yale Family Study', Archives of General Psychiatry 41: 845-52.
76. Weitzman, M., S. Gortmaker and A. Sobol (1992) 'Maternal Smoking and Behavior Problems of Children', Pediatrics 90: 342-9.
77. Werner, E.E. and R.S. Smith (1980) 'An Epidemiological Perspective on Some Antecedents and Consequences of Childhood Mental Health Problems and Learning Disabilities', Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development 133-47.
78. Zubrick, S.R., S.R. Silburn, A. Garton, P. Burton, R. Dalby, J. Carlton, C. Shepherd and D. Lawrence (1995) Western Australian Child Health Survey: Developing Health and Well-Being in the Nineties. Perth: Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Institute for Child Health Research.