Solar and stellar flares

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

Volumn 358, Issue 1767, 2000, Pages 711-727

  Forbes, T G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

Author keywords

Flare models; Magnetic fields; Magnetohydrodynamics; Reconnection; Solar flares; Stellar flares

Indexed keywords

EID: 0346676579     PISSN: 1364503X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2000.0554     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Acton, L. W., Feldman, U., Bruner, M. D., Doschek, G. A., Hirayama, T., Hudson, H. S., Lemen, J. R., Ogawara, Y., Strong, K. T. & Tsuneta, S. 1992 The Yohkoh mission for high-energy solar physics. Science 258, 618-625.
2. Aly, J. J. 1984 On some properties of force-free magnetic fields in infinite regions of space. Astrophys. J. 283, 349-362.
3. Aly, J. J. 1991 How much energy can be stored in a three-dimensional force-free field? Astrophys. J. 375, L61-L64.
4. Aly, J. J. 1994 Asymptotic formation of a current sheet in an indefinitely sheared force-free field: an analytical example. Astron. Astrophys. 288, 1012-1020.
5. Amari, T., Lucianai, J. F., Aly, J. J. & Tagger, M. 1996 Plasmoid formation in a single sheared arcade and application to coronal mass ejections. Astron. Astrophys. 306, 913-923.
6. Antiochos, S. K. & Sturrock, P. A. 1982 The cooling and condensation of flare coronal plasma. Astrophys. J. 254, 343-348.
7. Barnes, C. W. & Sturrock, P. A. 1972 Force-free magnetic-field structures and their role in solar activity. Astrophys. J. 174, 659-670.
8. Bentley, R. D., Doschek, G. A., Simnett, G. M., Rilee, M. L., Mariska, J. T., Culhane, J. L., Kosugi, T. & Watanabe, T. 1994 The correlation of solar flare hard X-ray bursts with doppler blue-shifted soft X-ray flare emission. Astrophys. J. 421, L55-L58.
9. Byrne, P. B. 1995 Flare in late-type stars: UV. In Flares and flashes. Proc. IAU Colloq. 151 (ed. J. Greiner, H. W. Duerbeck & R. E. Gershberg), pp. 137-145. Springer.
10. Byrne, P. B., Eibe, M. T. & Rolleston, W. R. J. 1996 Cool prominences in the corona of the rapidly rotating dMe star, HK Aquarii. Astron. Astrophys. 311, 651-660.
11. Cameron, A. C. 1996 Stellar prominences. In Stellar surface structure, IAU Symp. 176 (ed. K. B. Strassmeier & J. L. Linsky), pp. 449-460. Paris: IAU.
12. Cargill, P. J. & Priest, E. R. 1982 Slow shock heating and the Kopp-Pneuman model for post-flare loops. Solar Phys. 76, 357-375.
13. Carmichael, H. 1964 A process for flares. In AAS-NASA Symp. on the Physics of Solar Flares (ed. W. N. Hess), pp. 451-456, SP-50. NASA.
14. Catalano, S. 1996 Flares on active binary systems. In Magnetodynamic phenomena in the solar atmosphere: prototypes of stellar magnetic activity. IAU Colloq. 153 (ed. Y. Uchida, T. Kosugi & H. S. Hudson), pp. 227-234. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
15. Cheng, C.-C. 1983 Numerical simulations of loops heated to solar flare temperatures. I. Gas dynamics. Astrophys. J. 265, 1090-1102.
16. Cook, J. W., Keenan, F. P., Dufton, P., Kingston, A. E., Pradhan, A. K., Zhang, H. L., Doyle, J. G. & Hayes, M. A. 1995 The OIV and SIV intercombination lines in solar and stellar ultraviolet spectra. Astrophys. J. 444, 936-942.
17. Cox, D. P. 1972 Theoretical structure and spectrum of a shock wave in the interstellar medium: the Cygnus loop. Astrophys. J. 178, 143-157.
18. de Jager, C., Heise, J. & van Genderen, A. M. 1989 Coordinated observations of a large impulsive flare on UV Ceti. Astron. Astrophys. 211, 157-172.
19. Doschek, G. A., Cheng, C. C., Oran, E. S., Boris, J. P. & Mariska, J. T. 1983 Numerical simulations of loops heated to solar flare temperatures. II. X-ray and UV spectroscopy. Astrophys. J. 265, 1103-1119.
20. Doschek, G. A., Strong, K. T. & Tsuneta, S. 1995 The bright knots at the tops of soft X-ray loops: quantitative results from Yohkoh. Astrophys. J. 440, 370-385.
21. Fisher, G. H., Canfield, R. C. & McClymont, A. N. 1985 Flare loop radiative hydrodynamics. V. Response to thick-target heating. VI. Chromospheric evaporation due to heating by nonthermal electrons. VII. Dynamics of the thick-target heated chromosphere. Astrophys. J. 289, 414-441.
22. Forbes, T. G. 1986 Fast-shock formation in line-tied magnetic reconnection models of solar flares. Astrophys. J. 305, 553-563.
23. Forbes, T. G. & Malherbe, J. M. 1986 A shock-condensation mechanism for loop prominences. Astrophys. J. 302, L67-L70.
24. Forbes, T. G. & Malherbe, J. M. 1991 A numerical simulation of magnetic reconnection and radiative cooling in line-tied current sheets. Solar Phys. 135, 361-391.
25. Forbes, T. G. & Priest, E. R. 1995 Photospheric magnetic field evolution and eruptive flares. Astrophys. J. 446, 377-389.
26. Furth, H. P., Killeen, J. & Rosenbluth, M. N. 1963 Finite-resistivity instabilities of a sheet pinch. Phys. Fluids 6, 459-484.
27. Gahm, G. F. 1994 Flares in T Tauri stars. In Flares and flashes. IAU Colloq. 151 (ed. J. Greiner, H. W. Duerbeck & R. E. Gershberg), pp. 203-211. Springer.
28. Gershberg, R. E. 1983 On activities of UV Ceti-type flare stars and of T Tauri-type stars. In Activity in Red-Dwarf Stars. Proc. 71st Colloq. Catania, Italy 1982 (ed. P. B. Byrne & M. Rodonò), pp. 487-495. Dordrecht: Reidel.
29. Haisch, B. M. 1989 An overview of solar and stellar flare research. Solar Phys. 121, 3-18.
30. Haisch, B. M. 1996 Stellar X-ray flares. In Magnetodynamic phenomena in the solar atmosphere: prototypes of stellar magnetic activity. IAU Colloq. 153 (ed. Y. Uchida, T. Kosugi & H. S. Hudson), pp. 235-242. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
31. Haisch, B. M. & Schmitt, J. J. M. M. 1996 Advances in solar-stellar astrophysics. Pub. Astron. Soc. Pacific 720, 113-129.
32. Heyvaerts, J. & Priest, E. R. 1976 Thermal evolution of current sheets and the flash phase of solar flares. Solar Phys. 47, 223-231.
33. Hirayama, T. 1974 Theoretical model of flares and prominences. I. Evaporating flare model. Solar Phys. 34, 323-338.
34. Hones Jr, E. W., 1973 Plasma flow in the plasma sheet and its relation to substorms. Radio Sci. 8, 979-990.
35. Hood, A. W. 1990 Structure and stability of solar and stellar coronae. Computer Phys. Rep. 12, 177-203.
36. Inhester, B., Birn, J. & Hesse, M. 1992 The evolution of line-tied coronal arcades including a convergent footpoint motion. Solar Phys. 138, 257-281.
37. Jeffries, R. D. 1993 Prominence activity on the rapidly rotating field star HD 197890. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc 262, 369-376.
38. Kopp, R. A. & Pneuman, G. W. 1976 Magnetic reconnection in the corona and the loop prominence phenomenon. Solar Phys. 50, 85-98.
39. Kusano, K., Suzuki, Y. & Nishikawa, K. 1995 A solar flare triggering mechanism based on the Woltjer-Taylor minimum energy principle. Astrophys. J. 441, 942-951.
40. Lang, K. R. 1992 Astrophysical data: planets and stars. Springer.
41. Low, B. C. & Smith, D. F. 1993 The free energies of partially open coronal magnetic fields. Astrophys. J. 410, 412-425.
42. McTiernan, J. M., Kane, S. R., Loran, J. M., Lemen, J. R., Acton, L. W., Hara, H., Tsuneta, S. & Kosugi, T. 1993 Temperature and density structure of the 1991 November 2 flare observed by the Yohkoh soft X-ray telescope and hard X-ray telescope. Astrophys. J. 416, L91-L93.
43. Martens, P. C. H. & Kuin, N. P. M. 1989 A circuit model for filament eruptions and two-ribbon flares. Solar Phys. 122, 263-302.
44. Martinell, J. J. 1990 Expansion and stability of a magnetic arcade during a solar flare. Astrophys. J. 365, 342-353.
45. Masuda, S. 1994 Vertical structure of hard X-ray sources in solar flares. In New look at the Sun with emphasis on advanced observations of coronal dynamics and flares. Proc. Kofu Symp. (ed. S. Enome & T. Hirayama), pp. 209-212. Nagano: Nobeyama Radio Observatory.
46. Mikić, Z. & Linker, J. A. 1994 Disruption of coronal magnetic field arcades. Astrophys. J. 430, 898-912.
47. Mikić, Z., Barnes, D. C. & Schnack, D. D. 1988 Dynamical evolution of a solar coronal magnetic field arcade. Astrophys. J. 328, 830-847.
48. Montmerle, T. & Casanova, S. 1996 X-ray flares and variability of young stellar objects. In Magnetodynamic phenomena in the solar atmosphere: prototypes of stellar magnetic activity. IAU Colloq. 153 (ed. Y. Uchida, T. Kosugi & H. S. Hudson), pp. 247-258. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
49. Nagai, F. 1980 A model of hot loops associated with solar flares. I. Gasdynamics in the loops. Solar Phys. 68, 351-379.
50. Neidig, D. F. 1989 The importance of solar white-light flares. Solar Phys. 121, 261-269.
51. Pallavicini, R., Peres, G., Serio, S., Vaiana, G., Acton, L., Leibacher, J. & Rosner, R. 1983 Closed coronal structures. V. Gasdynamic models of flaring loops and comparison with SMM observations. Astrophys. J. 270, 27-287.
52. Parker, E. N. 1953 Instability of thermal fields. Astrophys. J. 117, 431-436.
53. Petschek, H. E. 1964 Magnetic field annihilation. In The physics of solar flares (ed. W. N. Hess), pp. 425-439, SP-50. NASA.
54. Pettersen, B. R. 1989 A review of stellar flares and their characteristics. Solar Phys. 121, 299-312.
55. Poletto, G., Pallavicini, R. & Kopp, R. A. 1988 Modeling of long-duration two-ribbon flares on M dwarf stars. Astron. Astrophys. 201, 93-99.
56. Poston, T. & Stewart, I. 1978 Catastrophe theory and its applications. San Francisco, CA: Pitman.
57. Priest, E. R. & Forbes, T. G. 1999 Magnetic reconnection: MHD theory and application. Cambridge University Press.
58. Rodonò M. 1986 The atmospheres of M dwarfs: observations. In The M-type stars, nonthermal phenomena in stellar atmospheres (ed. J. R. Johnson & F. R. Querci), pp. 409-453, SP-492. NASA.
59. Rust, D. M. & Bar, V. 1973 Magnetic fields, loop prominences and the great flares of August, 1972. Solar Phys. 33, 445-459.
60. Sakao, T., Kosugi, T., Masuda, S., Inda, M., Makishima, K., Canfield, R. C., Hudson, H. S., Metcalf, T. R., Wüsler, J.-P. & Acton, L. W. 1992 Hard X-ray imaging observations by Yohkoh of the 1991 November 15 solar flare. Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 44, L83-L87.
61. Schmieder, B., Forbes, T. G., Malherbe, J. M. & Machado, M. E. 1987 Evidence for gentle chromospheric evaporation during the gradual phase of large solar flares. Astrophys. J. 317, 956-963.
62. Schmieder, B., Heinzel, P., van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., Wiik, J. E. & Lemen, J. 1996 Hot and cool post-flare loops: formation and dynamics. In Magnetodynamic phenomena in the solar atmosphere: prototypes of stellar magnetic activity. IAU Colloq. 153 (ed. Y. Uchida, T. Kosugi & H. S. Hudson), pp. 211-212. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
63. Schrijver, C. J., Mewe, R., Van den Oord, G. H. J. & Kaastra, J. S. 1995 EUV spectroscopy of cool stars. II. Coronal structure of selected cool stars observed with the EUVE. Astron. Astrophys. 302, 438-456.
64. Somov, B. V. 1992 Physical processes in solar flares. Dodrecht: Kluwer.
65. Somov, B. V., Sermulina, B. J. & Spektor, A. R. 1982 Hydrodynamic response of the solar chromosphere to elementary flare burst. II. Thermal model. Solar Phys. 81, 281-292.
66. Soward, A. M. & Priest, E. R. 1982 Fast magnetic field-line reconnection in a compressible fluid. I. Coplanar field lines. J. Plasma Phys. 28, 335-367.
67. Steinolfson, R. S. 1991 Coronal evolution due to shear motion. Astrophys. J. 382, 677-687.
68. Sturrock, P. A. 1968 A model of solar flares. In Structure and development of solar active regions. IAU Symp. 35 (ed. K. Kiepenheuer), pp. 471-479. Paris: IAU.
69. Sturrock, P. A. 1991 Maximum energy of semi-infinite magnetic field configurations. Astrophys. J. 380, 655-659.
70. Sturrock, P. A., Kaufman, P., Moore, R. L. & Smith, D. F. 1984 Energy release in solar flares. Solar Phys. 94, 341-357.
71. Tsuneta, S. 1993 Solar flares as an ongoing magnetic reconnection process. In The magnetic and velocity fields of solar active regions. IAU Colloq. 141 (ed. H. Zirin, G. Ai & H. Wang), pp. 239-248. San Francisco, CA: Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
72. Tsuneta, S. 1996 Structure and dynamics of magnetic reconnection in a solar flare. Astrophys. J. 456, 840-849.
73. Tsuneta, S., Hara, H., Shimizu, T., Acton, L. W., Strong, K. T., Hudson, H. S. & Ogawara, Y. 1992 Observation of a solar flare at the limb with the Yohkoh soft X-ray telescope. Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 44, L63-L69.
74. van Ballegooijen, A. A. & Martens, P. C. H. 1989 Formation and eruption of solar prominences. Astrophys. J. 343, 971-984.
75. Van den Oord, G. H. J., Doyle, J. G., Rodono, M., Linsky, J. L., Haisch, B. M., Pagano, I. & Leto, G. 1996 Flare energetics: analysis of a large flare on YZ Canis Minoris observed simultaneously in the ultraviolet, optical and radio. Astron. Astrophys. 310, 908-922.
76. Van Tend, W. & Kuperus, M. 1978 The development of coronal electric current systems in active regions and their relation to filaments and flares. Solar Phys. 59, 115-127.
77. Wolfson, R. & Low, B. C. 1992 Energy buildup in sheared force-free magnetic fields. Astrophys. J. 391, 353-358.
78. Yeh, T. 1983 Diamagnetic force on a flux tube. Astrophys. J. 264, 630-634.
79. Zimbardo, G. 1993 Observable implications of tearing-mode instability in Jupiter's nightside magnetosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 41, 357-361.