Technology is to science as female is to male: Musings on the history and character of our discipline

Technology and Culture

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 572-579

  Cowan, Ruth Schwartz ^a  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0346613523     PISSN: 0040165X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3107164     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Rosemarie Tong, Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction (Boulder, Colo., 1989).
2. Helene Cixous, "The Laugh of the Medusa," and "Sorties" in New French Feminisms, ed. Elaine Marks and Isabelle Courtivron (New York, 1981) pp. 245-64, 90-98; Luce Irigaray, The Sex Which Is Not One, trans. Catherine Porter (Ithaca, N.Y., 1985); Julia Kristeva, Desire in Language, trans. Leon Roudiez (New York, 1982).
3. Helene Cixous, "The Laugh of the Medusa," and "Sorties" in New French Feminisms, ed. Elaine Marks and Isabelle Courtivron (New York, 1981) pp. 245-64, 90- 98; Luce Irigaray, The Sex Which Is Not One, trans. Catherine Porter (Ithaca, N.Y., 1985); Julia Kristeva, Desire in Language, trans. Leon Roudiez (New York, 1982).
4. Helene Cixous, "The Laugh of the Medusa," and "Sorties" in New French Feminisms, ed. Elaine Marks and Isabelle Courtivron (New York, 1981) pp. 245-64, 90- 98; Luce Irigaray, The Sex Which Is Not One, trans. Catherine Porter (Ithaca, N.Y., 1985); Julia Kristeva, Desire in Language, trans. Leon Roudiez (New York, 1982).
5. Simone De Beauvoir, The Second Sex, trans. and ed. H. M. Parshley (New York, 1952).
6. Ibid., p. 4.
7. Andrew Paskauskas, ed., The Complete Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones, 1908-1939, quoted in Adam Phillips, "The Unimportance of Being Ernest," London Review of Books, 5 August 1993, p. 10.
8. Andrew Paskauskas, ed., The Complete Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones, 1908-1939, quoted in Adam Phillips, "The Unimportance of Being Ernest," London Review of Books, 5 August 1993, p. 10.
9. I quote here from the untitled typescript, prepared for the Conference on Critical Problems in History of Science and History of Technology, Madison, Wisconsin, November 1991. p. 2. Interestingly enough, neither this sentence nor this idea appears in the published version, but its title still reflects the unwitting analogy; Rachel Laudan, "Natural Alliance or Forced Marriage? Changing Relations between the Histories of Science and Technology," Technology and Culture, suppl., 36 (1995): S17-S28.
10. Melvin Kranzberg to John Staudenmaier, 4 March 1983, as quoted in John Staudenmaier, Technology's Storytellers: Reweaving the Human Fabric (Cambridge, Mass., 1985), p. 1.
11. Ibid.
12. The term appears in the published version of her essay (Laudan, p. S18) but the idea is much more forcibly expressed in her original typescript.
13. This is precisely what Ronald Kline has done in a recent article, "Construing 'Technology' as 'Applied Science': Public Rhetoric of Scientists and Engineers in the United States, 1880-1945," Isis 86 (1995): 194-221.