Integrated Management Systems - Opportunities and Risks for Corporate Environmental Protection

Corporate Environmental Strategy

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 165-176

  Von Ahsen, Anette ^b   Funck, Dirk ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0346492031     PISSN: 10667938     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1066-7938(01)00089-6     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. See Reinhard Peglau, The number ISO 14001/EMAS certification/registration of the world. (Available online http:// www.ecology.or.jp/isoworld/english/analy14k.htm, last update: 2000-07, accessed on: 2001-03-18.) On concepts, methods and development of environmental auditing see Ruth Hillary, Environmental Auditing: concepts, methods and developments, International Journal of Auditing, Vol. 2 (1998), Issue 1, pp. 71-852.
2. See Reinhard Peglau, The number ISO 14001/EMAS certification/registration of the world. (Available online http:// www.ecology.or.jp/isoworld/english/analy14k.htm, last update: 2000-07, accessed on: 2001-03-18.) On concepts, methods and development of environmental auditing see Ruth Hillary, Environmental Auditing: concepts, methods and developments, International Journal of Auditing, Vol. 2 (1998), Issue 1, pp. 71-852.
3. In these studies, only those companies were interviewed that have implemented at least one management system. In order to make all studies comparable, the following analyses only interpret the answers of companies in the study of Funck et al., the answers of consultants, certifying agencies and research organisations are not included. Thus, 297 answers can be interpreted, which is the equivalent of a return of 15.6%.
4. See Annette Kroppmann, Stefan Schreiber, Kopplung von Qualitäts- und Umweltmanagement. Auswertung einer Befragung von 3000 Unternehmen in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Dortmund 1996, p. 18; KPMG (Ed.), Qualitäts- und Umweltmanagementsysteme bei Dienstleistern und in der Industrie, Berlin 1998, p. 10; Enzler, Integriertes prozessorientiertes Management, Berlin 2000, p. 364; Dirk Funck, Markus Mayer, Stefanie Schwendt, Integrierte Managementsysteme im Spiegel einer internationalen Expertenbefragung-Stand und Entwicklung im Handels- und Dienstleistungssektor, IMS-Forschungsberichte Nr. 3 am Institut für Marketing und Handel, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 2001. It has to be pointed out that different items and different scales were used for the surveys.
5. See Annette Kroppmann, Stefan Schreiber, Kopplung von Qualitäts- und Umweltmanagement. Auswertung einer Befragung von 3000 Unternehmen in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Dortmund 1996, p. 18; KPMG (Ed.), Qualitäts- und Umweltmanagementsysteme bei Dienstleistern und in der Industrie, Berlin 1998, p. 10; Enzler, Integriertes prozessorientiertes Management, Berlin 2000, p. 364; Dirk Funck, Markus Mayer, Stefanie Schwendt, Integrierte Managementsysteme im Spiegel einer internationalen Expertenbefragung-Stand und Entwicklung im Handels- und Dienstleistungssektor, IMS-Forschungsberichte Nr. 3 am Institut für Marketing und Handel, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 2001. It has to be pointed out that different items and different scales were used for the surveys.
6. See Annette Kroppmann, Stefan Schreiber, Kopplung von Qualitäts- und Umweltmanagement. Auswertung einer Befragung von 3000 Unternehmen in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Dortmund 1996, p. 18; KPMG (Ed.), Qualitäts- und Umweltmanagementsysteme bei Dienstleistern und in der Industrie, Berlin 1998, p. 10; Enzler, Integriertes prozessorientiertes Management, Berlin 2000, p. 364; Dirk Funck, Markus Mayer, Stefanie Schwendt, Integrierte Managementsysteme im Spiegel einer internationalen Expertenbefragung-Stand und Entwicklung im Handels- und Dienstleistungssektor, IMS-Forschungsberichte Nr. 3 am Institut für Marketing und Handel, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 2001. It has to be pointed out that different items and different scales were used for the surveys.
7. See Annette Kroppmann, Stefan Schreiber, Kopplung von Qualitäts- und Umweltmanagement. Auswertung einer Befragung von 3000 Unternehmen in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Dortmund 1996, p. 18; KPMG (Ed.), Qualitäts- und Umweltmanagementsysteme bei Dienstleistern und in der Industrie, Berlin 1998, p. 10; Enzler, Integriertes prozessorientiertes Management, Berlin 2000, p. 364; Dirk Funck, Markus Mayer, Stefanie Schwendt, Integrierte Managementsysteme im Spiegel einer internationalen Expertenbefragung-Stand und Entwicklung im Handels-und Dienstleistungssektor, IMS-Forschungsberichte Nr. 3 am Institut für Marketing und Handel, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 2001. It has to be pointed out that different items and different scales were used for the surveys.
8. See Stefan Enzler, Integriertes prozessorientiertes Management, Berlin 2000, p. 361; Dirk Funck, Markus Mayer, Stefanie Schwendt, Integrierte Managementsysteme im Spiegel einer internationalen Expertenbefragung-Stand und Entwicklung im Handels- und Dienstleistungssektor, IMS-Forschungsberichte Nr. 3 am Institut für Marketing und Handel, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 2001. While Enzler analysed planned and implemented integration measures, Funck et al. focused on generally important areas of integration.
9. See Stefan Enzler, Integriertes prozessorientiertes Management, Berlin 2000, p. 361; Dirk Funck, Markus Mayer, Stefanie Schwendt, Integrierte Managementsysteme im Spiegel einer internationalen Expertenbefragung-Stand und Entwicklung im Handels-und Dienstleistungssektor, IMS-Forschungsberichte Nr. 3 am Institut für Marketing und Handel, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 2001. While Enzler analysed planned and implemented integration measures, Funck et al. focused on generally important areas of integration.
10. See KPMG (Ed.), Qualitäts- und Umwelt-managementsysteme bei Dienstleistern und in der Industrie, Berlin 1998, p. 10; Stefan Enzler, Integriertes prozessorientiertes Management, Berlin 2000, p. 364; Dirk Funck, Markus Mayer, Stefanie Schwendt, Integrierte Managementsysteme im Spiegel einer internationalen Expertenbefragung-Stand und Entwicklung im Handels- und Dienstleistungssektor, IMS-Forschungsberichte Nr. 3 am Institut für Marketing und Handel, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 2001. The study by Kroppmann/Schreiber does not pose any questions on the problems of IMS. See Annette Kroppmann, Stefan Schreiber, Kopplung von Qualitäts- und Umweltmanagement. Auswertung einer Befragung von 3000 Unternehmen in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Dortmund 1996.
11. See KPMG (Ed.), Qualitäts- und Umwelt- managementsysteme bei Dienstleistern und in der Industrie, Berlin 1998, p. 10; Stefan Enzler, Integriertes prozessorientiertes Management, Berlin 2000, p. 364; Dirk Funck, Markus Mayer, Stefanie Schwendt, Integrierte Managementsysteme im Spiegel einer internationalen Expertenbefragung-Stand und Entwicklung im Handels- und Dienstleistungssektor, IMS-Forschungsberichte Nr. 3 am Institut für Marketing und Handel, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 2001. The study by Kroppmann/Schreiber does not pose any questions on the problems of IMS. See Annette Kroppmann, Stefan Schreiber, Kopplung von Qualitäts- und Umweltmanagement. Auswertung einer Befragung von 3000 Unternehmen in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Dortmund 1996.
12. See KPMG (Ed.), Qualitäts- und Umwelt- managementsysteme bei Dienstleistern und in der Industrie, Berlin 1998, p. 10; Stefan Enzler, Integriertes prozessorientiertes Management, Berlin 2000, p. 364; Dirk Funck, Markus Mayer, Stefanie Schwendt, Integrierte Managementsysteme im Spiegel einer internationalen Expertenbefragung-Stand und Entwicklung im Handels- und Dienstleistungssektor, IMS-Forschungsberichte Nr. 3 am Institut für Marketing und Handel, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 2001. The study by Kroppmann/Schreiber does not pose any questions on the problems of IMS. See Annette Kroppmann, Stefan Schreiber, Kopplung von Qualitäts- und Umweltmanagement. Auswertung einer Befragung von 3000 Unternehmen in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Dortmund 1996.
13. See KPMG (Ed.), Qualitäts- und Umwelt- managementsysteme bei Dienstleistern und in der Industrie, Berlin 1998, p. 10; Stefan Enzler, Integriertes prozessorientiertes Management, Berlin 2000, p. 364; Dirk Funck, Markus Mayer, Stefanie Schwendt, Integrierte Managementsysteme im Spiegel einer internationalen Expertenbefragung-Stand und Entwicklung im Handels- und Dienstleistungssektor, IMS-Forschungsberichte Nr. 3 am Institut für Marketing und Handel, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 2001. The study by Kroppmann/Schreiber does not pose any questions on the problems of IMS. See Annette Kroppmann, Stefan Schreiber, Kopplung von Qualitäts- und Umweltmanagement. Auswertung einer Befragung von 3000 Unternehmen in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Dortmund 1996.
14. 38.3% favour an IMS that focuses on economic factors, while 11.7% rather prefer an IMS which is dominated by social-ecological aspects. Dirk Funck, Markus Mayer, Stefanie Schwendt, Integrierte Managementsysteme im Spiegel einer internationalen Expertenbefragung - Stand und Entwicklung im Handels- und Dienstleistungssektor, IMS-Forschungsberichte Nr. 3 am Institut für Marketing und Handel, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 2001.
15. See Joachim Rau, Umweltaspekte eines umfassenden Qualitätsmanagements, Frankfurt 1999, p. 364. With the exception of this aspect, this study doesn't examine any questions concerning IMS.
16. See EFQM (Ed.), EFQM Excellence Model. (Available online at http://www.efqm.org/, accessed on 2001-01-18.), EFQM (Ed.), Das EFQM-Modell für Excellence, Brüssel 1999, p. 34.
17. See EFQM (Ed.), Das EFQM-Modell für Excellence, Brüssel 1999, p. 12-29; all criteria are formulated as can-criteria, they do not have to be met.
18. Empirical analyses of environmental declarations according to EMAS show that the evaluation of environmental effect is in many cases explicitly recognised as an unresolved problem. See Christoph Lange, Anette von Ahsen, Herbert Daldrup, Umweltschutz-Reporting, München, Wien 2001, p. 164.
19. See ISO 14001: Environmental management systems. Specification with guidance for use, Brüssel 1996. See on the design of IMS on the basis of ISO 14001 William C. Culley, Environmental and quality systems integration, Boca Raton, Florida 1998. On potentials and problems of an integrated quality and environmental management see also Subhash C. Puri, Stepping up to ISO 14000. Integrating Environmental Quality with ISO 9000 and TQM, Portland, Oregon 1996; Sime Curcovic, Investigating the Linkage between Total Quality Management and Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing, Dissertation submitted to Michigan State University, Michigan 1998; Stanislaw Karapetrovic, Walter Willborn, Integration of quality and environmental management systems, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 10 (1998), pp. 204- 213; G. Wilkinson, B. G. Dale, Integrated management systems: an examination of the concept and theory, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 11 (1999), pp. 95-104.
20. See ISO 14001: Environmental management systems. Specification with guidance for use, Brüssel 1996. See on the design of IMS on the basis of ISO 14001 William C. Culley, Environmental and quality systems integration, Boca Raton, Florida 1998. On potentials and problems of an integrated quality and environmental management see also Subhash C. Puri, Stepping up to ISO 14000. Integrating Environmental Quality with ISO 9000 and TQM, Portland, Oregon 1996; Sime Curcovic, Investigating the Linkage between Total Quality Management and Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing, Dissertation submitted to Michigan State University, Michigan 1998; Stanislaw Karapetrovic, Walter Willborn, Integration of quality and environmental management systems, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 10 (1998), pp. 204- 213; G. Wilkinson, B. G. Dale, Integrated management systems: an examination of the concept and theory, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 11 (1999), pp. 95-104.
21. See ISO 14001: Environmental management systems. Specification with guidance for use, Brüssel 1996. See on the design of IMS on the basis of ISO 14001 William C. Culley, Environmental and quality systems integration, Boca Raton, Florida 1998. On potentials and problems of an integrated quality and environmental management see also Subhash C. Puri, Stepping up to ISO 14000. Integrating Environmental Quality with ISO 9000 and TQM, Portland, Oregon 1996; Sime Curcovic, Investigating the Linkage between Total Quality Management and Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing, Dissertation submitted to Michigan State University, Michigan 1998; Stanislaw Karapetrovic, Walter Willborn, Integration of quality and environmental management systems, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 10 (1998), pp. 204- 213; G. Wilkinson, B. G. Dale, Integrated management systems: an examination of the concept and theory, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 11 (1999), pp. 95-104.
22. See ISO 14001: Environmental management systems. Specification with guidance for use, Brüssel 1996. See on the design of IMS on the basis of ISO 14001 William C. Culley, Environmental and quality systems integration, Boca Raton, Florida 1998. On potentials and problems of an integrated quality and environmental management see also Subhash C. Puri, Stepping up to ISO 14000. Integrating Environmental Quality with ISO 9000 and TQM, Portland, Oregon 1996; Sime Curcovic, Investigating the Linkage between Total Quality Management and Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing, Dissertation submitted to Michigan State University, Michigan 1998; Stanislaw Karapetrovic, Walter Willborn, Integration of quality and environmental management systems, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 10 (1998), pp. 204- 213; G. Wilkinson, B. G. Dale, Integrated management systems: an examination of the concept and theory, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 11 (1999), pp. 95-104.
23. See ISO 14001: Environmental management systems. Specification with guidance for use, Brüssel 1996. See on the design of IMS on the basis of ISO 14001 William C. Culley, Environmental and quality systems integration, Boca Raton, Florida 1998. On potentials and problems of an integrated quality and environmental management see also Subhash C. Puri, Stepping up to ISO 14000. Integrating Environmental Quality with ISO 9000 and TQM, Portland, Oregon 1996; Sime Curcovic, Investigating the Linkage between Total Quality Management and Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing, Dissertation submitted to Michigan State University, Michigan 1998; Stanislaw Karapetrovic, Walter Willborn, Integration of quality and environmental management systems, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 10 (1998), pp. 204-213; G. Wilkinson, B. G. Dale, Integrated management systems: an examination of the concept and theory, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 11 (1999), pp. 95-104.
24. See ISO 14001: Environmental management systems. Specification with guidance for use, Brüssel 1996. See on the design of IMS on the basis of ISO 14001 William C. Culley, Environmental and quality systems integration, Boca Raton, Florida 1998. On potentials and problems of an integrated quality and environmental management see also Subhash C. Puri, Stepping up to ISO 14000. Integrating Environmental Quality with ISO 9000 and TQM, Portland, Oregon 1996; Sime Curcovic, Investigating the Linkage between Total Quality Management and Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing, Dissertation submitted to Michigan State University, Michigan 1998; Stanislaw Karapetrovic, Walter Willborn, Integration of quality and environmental management systems, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 10 (1998), pp. 204- 213; G. Wilkinson, B. G. Dale, Integrated management systems: an examination of the concept and theory, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 11 (1999), pp. 95-104.
25. The example has been slightly modified.
26. ISO 9001 : 2000: Quality Management Systems - Requirements (Draft), Brüssel 1998, p. 7.
27. Karen G. Shapiro, Allen L. White, Product Stewartship Through Life-Cycle Design, Corporate Environmental Strategy, Vol. 6 (1999), No. 1, pp. 15-23, esp. p. 17.
28. For first approaches see for example Anette von Ahsen, Qualitäts- und Umweltschutz-Controllinginstrumente - Integrationsmöglichkeiten und Synergien am Beispiel des Quality Function Deployment, Die Betriebswirtschaft, Vol. 59 (1999), S. 748-762. On the integration of environmental aspects in production planning methods see Peter Letmathe, N. Balakrishnan, Impact of environmental constraints on the optimal product mix, in: R Forrester, D. Bennett (eds.): Responsive Production and the Agile Enterprise, Aston University, Birmingham UK 2000, pp. 389-298.
29. For first approaches see for example Anette von Ahsen, Qualitäts- und Umweltschutz- Controllinginstrumente - Integrationsmöglichkeiten und Synergien am Beispiel des Quality Function Deployment, Die Betriebswirtschaft, Vol. 59 (1999), S. 748-762. On the integration of environmental aspects in production planning methods see Peter Letmathe, N. Balakrishnan, Impact of environmental constraints on the optimal product mix, in: R Forrester, D. Bennett (eds.): Responsive Production and the Agile Enterprise, Aston University, Birmingham UK 2000, pp. 389-298.