Direct evidence that sustained dysfunction of left atrial appendage contributes to the occurence of cardiogenic brain embolism in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Internal Medicine

Volumn 42, Issue 11, 2003, Pages 1077-1083

  Kaneko, Kazuyoshi ^a   Hirono, Osamu ^a   Fatema, Kaniz ^a   Zhang, Xuehua ^a   Takeishi, Yasuchika ^a   Kayama, Takamasa ^a   Kubota, Isao ^a  

^a YAMAGATA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Atrial fibrillation; Left atrial appendage dysfunction; Stroke; Transesophageal echocardiography

Indexed keywords

ECHO CONTRAST MEDIUM;

AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN EMBOLISM; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE MARKER; FEMALE; FLOW RATE; HEART ATRIUM APPENDAGE; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; SINUS RHYTHM; THROMBOEMBOLISM; THROMBOGENESIS; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY;

EID: 0346491730     PISSN: 09182918     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.42.1077     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Special report from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Classification of cerebrovascular diseases III. Stroke 21: 637-676, 1990.
2. Cooper R, Cutler J, Desvigne-Nickens P, et al. Trends and disparities in coronary heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases in the United States: findings of the national conference on cardiovascular disease prevention. Circulation 102: 3137-3147, 2000.
3. Petty GW, Brown RD, Whisnant JP, et al. Ischemic stroke subtypes: a population-based study of functional outcome, survival, and recurrence. Stroke 31: 1062-1068, 2000.
4. Sacco RL, Wolf PA, Kannel WB, McNamara PM. Survival and recurrence following stroke. The Framingham study. Stroke 13: 290-295, 1982.
5. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB, Levy D. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 98: 946-952, 1998.
6. Zupan I, Kozelj M, Brecelj A, Rakovec P, Zupan IP. Left atrial systolic function in relation to electrical and mechanical remodeling in a canine model. Pflugers Arch 442: R195-197, 2001.
7. Sparks PB, Mond HG, Vohra JK, Yapanis AG, Grigg LE, Kalman JM. Mechanical remodeling of the left atrium after loss of atrioventricular synchrony. A long-term study in humans. Circulation 100: 1714-1721, 1999.
8. Pollick C, Taylor D. Assessment of left atrial appendage function by transesophageal echocardiography. Implications for the development of thrombus. Circulation 84: 223-231, 1991.
9. Cujec B, Polasek P, Voll C, Shuaib A. Transesophageal echocardiography in the detection of potential cardiac source of embolism in stroke patients. Stroke 22: 727-733, 1991.
10. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators Committee on Echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiographic correlates of thromboembolism in high-risk patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 128: 639-647, 1998.
11. Shinokawa N, Hirai T, Takashima S, et al. Relation of transesophageal echocardiographic findings to subtypes of cerebral infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation. Clin Cardiol 23: 517-522, 2000.
12. Takada T, Yasaka M, Nagatsuka K, Minematsu K, Yamaguchi T. Blood flow in the left atrial appendage and embolic stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Eur Neurol 46: 148-152, 2001.
13. Garcia-Fernandez MA, Torrecilla EG, San Roman D, et al. Left atrial appendage Doppler flow patterns: implications on thrombus formation. Am Heart J 124: 955-961, 1992.
14. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: II. Echocardiographic features of patients at risk. Ann Intern Med 116: 6-12, 1992.
15. Verhorst PM, Kamp O, Visser CA, Verheugt FW. Left atrial appendage flow velocity assessment using transesophageal echocardiography in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and systemic embolism. Am J Cardiol 71: 192-196, 1993.
16. Mugge A, Kuhn H, Nikutta P, Grote J, Lopez JA, Daniel WG. Assessment of left atrial appendage function by biplane transesophageal echocardiography in patients with norheumatic atrial fibrillation: identification of a subgroup of patients at increased embolic risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 23: 599-607, 1994.
17. Asinger RW, Koehler J, Pearce LA, et al. Pathophysiologic correlates of thromboembolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: II. Dense spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation [SPAF-III] study). J Am Soc Echocardiogr 12: 1088-1096, 1999.
18. Kamp O, Verhorst PM, Welling RC, Visser CA. Importance of left atrial appendage flow as a predictor of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 20: 979-985, 1999.
19. Schabitz WR, Fisher M. Diffusion weighted imaging for acute cerebral infarction. Neurol Res 17: 270-274, 1995.
20. Lansberg MG, Albers GW, Beaulieu C, Marks MP. Comparison of diffusion-weighted MRI and CT in acute stroke. Neurology 54: 1557-1561, 2000.
21. Cerebral Embolism Task Force. Cardiogenic brain embolism. Arch Neurol 43: 71-84, 1986.
22. Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Stroke 24: 35-41, 1993.
23. 1999 World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. Guidelines Subcommittee. J Hypertens 17: 151-183, 1999.
24. American Diabetes Association. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 7: 1183-1197, 1997.
25. Fatkin D, Kuchar DL, Thorburn CW, Feneley MP. Transesophageal echocardiography before and during direct current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: evidence for "atrial stunning" as a mechanism of thromboembolic complications. J Am Coll Cardiol 23: 307-316, 1994.
26. Beppu S, Nimura Y, Sakakibara H, Nagata S, Park YD, Izumi S. Smoke-like echo in the left atrial cavity in mitral valve disease: its features and significance. J Am Coll Cardiol 6: 744-749, 1985.
27. Hanley PC, Tajik AJ, Hynes JK, et al. Diagnosis and classification of atrial septal aneurysm by two-dimensional echocardiography: report of 80 consecutive cases. J Am Coll Cardiol 6: 1370-1382, 1985.
28. Agmon Y, Khandheria BK, Meissner I, et al. Frequency of atrial septal aneurysms in patients with cerebral ischemic events. Circulation 99: 1942-1944, 1999.
29. Amarenco P, Cohen A, Tzourio C, et al. Atherosclerotic disease of the aortic arch and the risk of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 331: 1474-1479, 1994.
30. Amarenco P, Duyckaerts C, Tzourio C, Henin D, Bousser MG, Hauw JJ. The prevalence of ulcerated plaques in the aortic arch in patients with stroke. N Engl J Med 326: 221-225, 1992.
31. Contant G, Gouault-Heilmann M, Martinoli JL. Heparin inactivation during blood storage: its prevention by blood collection in citric acid, theophylline, adenosine, dipyridamole-C.T.A.D. mixture. Thromb Res 31: 365-374, 1983.
32. Kerry PJ, Curtis AD. Standardization of beta-thromboglobulin (betaTG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4). A collaborative study to establish international standards for beta-TG and PF4. Thromb Haemost 53: 51-55, 1985.
33. Takahashi H, Yoshino N, Shibata A. Measurement of platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clin Chim Acta 175: 113-114, 1988.
34. Scully MF, Kakkar VV. Methods for semi micro or automated determination of thrombin, antithrombin, and heparin cofactor using he substrate, H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-p-nitroanilide-2HCl. Clin Chim Acta 79: 595-602, 1977.
35. Menache D. Abnormal fibrinogens. A review. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 29: 525-535, 1973.
36. Mukojima T. Latex photometric immunoassay (LPIA). Rinsho Byori (Clin Pathol) 31: 254-261, 1983 (Article in Japanese).
37. Okajima K, Ueyama H, Hashimoto Y, et al. Homozygous variant of antithrombin III that lacks affinity for heparin, AT III Kumamoto. Thromb Haemost 61: 20-24, 1989.
38. Thijssen VL, Ausma J, Borgers M. Structural remodelling during chronic atrial fibrillation: act of programmed cell survival. Cardiovasc Res 52: 14-24, 2001.
39. Louie EK, Liu D, Reynertson SI, et al. "Stunning" of the left atrium after spontaneous conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm: demonstration by transesophageal Doppler techniques in a canine model. J Am Coll Cardiol 32: 2081-2086, 1998.
40. Omran H, Jung W, Rabahieh R, et al. Left atrial chamber and appendage function after internal atrial defibrillation: a prospective and serial transesophageal echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 29: 131-138, 1997.
41. Paventi S, Parafati MA, Pellegrino CA, Bevilacqua U, Paggi A. Atrial stunning and pharmacologic cardioversion in idiopathic atrial fibrillation of recent onset. Minerva Cardioangiol 47: 239-244, 1999.
42. Daoud EG, Marcovitz P, Knight BP, et al. Short-term effect of atrial fibrillation on atrial contractile function in humans. Circulation 99: 3024-3027, 1999.
43. Guan K, Furst DO, Wobus AM. Modulation of sarcomere organization during embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation. Eur J Cell Biol 78: 813-823, 1999.
44. O'Brien DW, Fu Y, Parker HR, et al. Differential morphometric and ultrastructural remodelling in the left atrium and left ventricle in rapid ventricular pacing-induced heart failure. Can J Cardiol 16: 1411-1419, 2000.
45. Takano K, Yamaguchi T, Kato H, Omae T. Activation of coagulation in acute cardioembolic stroke. Stroke 22: 12-16, 1991.
46. Takano K, Yamaguchi T, Uchida K. Markers of a hypercoagulable state following acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 23: 194-198, 1992.
47. Sohara H, Miyahara K. Effect of atrial fibrillation on the fibrinocoagulation system - study in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Jpn Circ 158: 821-826, 1994.
48. Sohara H, Amitani S, Kurose M, Miyahara K. Atrial fibrillation activates platelets and coagulation in a time-dependent manner: a study in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 29: 106-112, 1997.