Treatment of pulp mill and oil sands industrial wastewaters by the partial spray freezing process

Water Research

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 579-584

  Gao, W ^a   Smith, D W ^b   Sego, D C ^b  

^a LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Impurity separation; Spray freezing; Wastewater treatment

Indexed keywords

EFFLUENTS; FREEZING; OIL SANDS; PAPER AND PULP MILLS; REDUCTION; RUNOFF; SPRAYING;

REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES;

WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

ICE; INORGANIC COMPOUND; OIL; ORGANIC COMPOUND; WATER;

EFFLUENT TREATMENT; FREEZING; POLLUTANT REMOVAL; SPRAYING; WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

AEROSOL; ARTICLE; COLD; ECONOMIC ASPECT; FREEZING; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; POND; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULP MILL; SAND; TECHNOLOGY; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER CONTAMINATION;

EID: 0346461420     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.053     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Chou S., Tsern I. Treatment of low level liquid waste by an in-situ freezing-melting process. J Chin Inst Eng. 23(2):2000;161-170.
2. Lorain O., Thiebaud P., Badorc E., Aurelle Y. Potential of freezing in wastewater treatment. soluble pollutant applications Water Res. 33(2):2001;541-547.
3. Rodriguez M., Luque S., Alvarez J.R., Coca J. A comparative study of reverse osmosis and freeze concentration for the removal of valeric acid from wastewater. Desalination. 127:2000;1-11.
4. Blanchard D.C. The behavior of water drops at terminal velocity in air. Trans Am Geophys Union. 31(6):1950;836-842.
5. Gao W., Smith D.W., Sego D. Freezing behavior of freely suspended wastewater droplets. Cold Regions Sci Technol. 31:2000;13-26.
6. Elmore WM. Water purification by natural freezing. Master thesis, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 1968.
7. Krepchin IP. Fresh water from the sea. High Techno, September 1985. p. 64-5.
8. Rabinowitz B, Vassos TD, Hyslop WF. The use of snowmaking for wastewater treatment and disposal. Proceedings of the Environment Canada Wastewater Treatment 11th International Symposium, Montreal, 1988. p. 1-13.
9. Wright K.R. Sewage effluent turned to snow. provide storage, removes pollutants Civil Eng - ASCE. 46(5):1976;88-89.
10. Zapf-Gilje R.Treatment, disposal of secondary sewage effluent through snowmaking. Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, 1985.
11. Martel CJ. Cold-weather cleans: how freezing temperatures can be used for wastewater treatment. Water Environ Technol 1998; August:50-3.
12. Gao W., Smith D.W., Sego D.C. Spray freezing treatment of water from oil sands tailing pond. J Environ Eng Sci. 2(5):2003;325-334.
13. Laws J.Q., Parson D.A. The relationship of raindrop size to intensity. Trans Am Geophys Union. 24:1943;452-460.
14. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and American Environment Federation. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 19th ed. Washington, DC, 1995.
15. Malo BA, Baker RA. Cationic concentration by freezing. Trace inorganics in water. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1968. p. 149-63.
16. Gao W, Sego D, Smith DW. Spray freezing to treat oil sands tailings pond water. Proceedings of the Eighth International Cold Regions Engineering Conference, Fairbanks, Alaska, August 12-17, 1996. p. 60-70.
17. Spyker JW. Desalination of brackish water by spray freezing. Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC), Technical Report No. 140, SPC Publication No. E-835-3-B-82, 1982.
18. Gao W. Partial freezing by spraying as a treatment alternative of selected industrial wastes. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., 1998.