After the fall: Attitudes towards Jews in post-1989 Poland

Nationalities Papers

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 265-282

  Ambrosewicz‐Jacobs, Jolanta ^a   Orla‐Bukowska, Annamaria ^a  

^a JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY   (Poland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0346335834     PISSN: 00905992     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00905999808408563     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. B. Chmielowski, Nowe Ateny, albo Akademia wszelkiej scyencyi pełna, Na rózne tytuly iak na classes podzielona (Lwów, 1746), p. 475. ["Koń, jaki jest, kazdy widzi."]
2. M. Za̧jac, Prasa w systemic niemieckiej propagandy (Wydawnictwo Stowarzyszenia "Dom Sierot Żydowskich": Kraków, 1997), p. 4.
3. D. Zagrodzka, "Wrogość do wroga bez wroga," Gazeta Wyborcza, 14 March 1997, p. 15.
4. K. Knox, "Racist Rant Clouds Confidence Vote," Prague Post, 31 July-6 August 1996, p. 1.
5. "Hungarian Mayor Expels Gypsies," Warsaw Voice, 27 July 1997, p. 7.
6. R. Skrzycki [R. Dmowski], "Wymowne cyfry," Przegla̧d Wszechpolski, 15 May 1895, p. 146. National Democrats did not, however, make use of the blood libel accusation.
7. J. K. Potocki, "'Antysemityzm' Głosu," in J. Majchrowski, Polska Myśl Polityczna XIX i XX Wieku, Vol. 1 (UJ: Kraków, 1990), pp. 54, 57.
8. J. K. Potocki, "'Antysemityzm' Głosu," in J. Majchrowski, Polska Myśl Polityczna XIX i XX Wieku, Vol. 1 (UJ: Kraków, 1990), p. 54.
9. M. Zaja̧c, Prasa w systemic niemieckiej propagandy (Wydawnictwo Stowarzyszenia "Dom Sierot Żydowskich": Kraków, 1997), pp. 17, 20.
10. Inter-war anti-Jewish posters in Poland and Russia often showed Hasidic-looking Jews "building" communism or whipping humanity towards it.
11. K. Jurek, "Ludzie zbȩdni w słuzbie przemocy," Gazeta Wyborcza, No. 206, 5 September 1995, p. 13.
12. Z. Bauman, Nowoczesność i zagłada (Warszawa, 1989), pp. 84-85.
13. With regards to graffiti, it predominates on walls along "fan-gang" territorial lines in cities. Key to the Polish-Jewish issue is that graffiti which uses the Star of David or "Żyd" or "Jude raus" are "readable" for foreigners in Poland, while anti-fascist, anti-Nazi, pro-tolerance graffiti such as "Niszcz Nazizm" or "Nietolerancja jest przejawem głupoty" are not.
14. One Balcerowicz poster had "Mason" scrawled across the candidate's mouth. On the other hand, a new code may be appearing as some posters of another "Unia Wolnosci" candidate, Kraków's Mayor, had the word "gej" ("gay") written across his forehead. Both Balcerowicz and this candidate were successfully elected.
15. The former chaplain of Solidarity and confessor of Lech Wałȩsa, in recent years Father Jankowski has been mostly shunned by both the union and its former leader.
16. "Te pogla̧dy kaódy oceni," Gazeta Wyborcza, 30 August 1996, p. 6.
17. A recent example is the September 1997 symposium organized by the Jesuits in Kraków which brought Polish and German scholars together to discuss stereotypes and prejudice against Jews in those two countries.
18. Statistics by Jan Przetacznik, MA, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
19. Ł. Kapralska, "Jewish Topics in the History Curriculum of Polish Schools," unpublished report for an ESSRC of the UK project, "Ethnic Identity in Europe after Auschwitz: The Case of Polish-Jewish relations (post-1989)," 1995.
20. "Sondaż CBOS: Żydzi i Polacy," Gazeta Wyborcza, 10 January 1997, p. 2.
21. 1992 survey conducted by OBOP, cited in J. Czapiński, "Przesa̧dy," Wiedza i òycie, October 1995.
22. According to an analysis of the August 1996 CBOS Survey cited earlier, based on rejection of all three statements on Jewish influence a full 56% of the Polish population is devoid of anti-Semitism. Those who agreed with all three statements, and hence considered strongly anti-Jewish, comprised 24%.
23. A. Antoszewski and R. Herbut, eds, Leksykon politologii, 2nd edn (Wroclaw, 1996), pp. 475-496.
24. "Obraz miesia̧ca," Gazeta Wyborcza-Gazeta S̀rodkowoeuropejska, 16-17 December 1995, p. 17.
25. "Kogo lubimy?" Gazeta Wyborcza, 24 October 1997, p. 2.
26. "Kogo lubimy?" Gazeta Wyborcza, 24 October 1997, p. 2.
27. "Młodzi faszyści czy nieucy," Gazeta Wyborcza, 13 June 1997, p. 11. Survey conducted by the University of Stockholm and the Crime Prevention Council among nearly 8,000 6-7th and 9th grade elementary school students and 2nd-3rd year secondary students from 120 schools throughout Sweden.
28. "Boja̧ siȩ bać," Gazeta Wyborcza, 17 October 1997, p. 9.
29. D. Zagrodzka, "Wrogość do wroga bez wroga," Gazeta Wyborcza, 14 March 1997, p. 15.
30. "Geremek to mniejszość żydowska," Gazeta Wyborcza, 27 October 1997, p. 4. Note the phrasing: "our" nation.
31. "Geremek to mniejszość żydowska," Gazeta Wyborcza, 27 October 1997, p. 4.
32. "Geremek to mniejszość żydowska," Gazeta Wyborcza, 27 October 1997, p. 4.
33. "Prałat, dziwny człowiek," Gazeta Wyborcza, 28 October 1997, p. 2. Note the accusation that Jankowski is endangering Polish "interests" - ironically, this charge is often made by nationalists against "foreigners."
34. "Młodzi faszyści czy nieucy," Gazeta Wyborcza, 13 June 1997, p. 11. Survey conducted by the University of Stockholm and the Crime Prevention Council among nearly 8,000 6-7th and 9th grade elementary school students and 2nd-3rd year secondary students from 120 schools throughout Sweden.
35. "Wspólna radość z Tory," Gazeta Wyborcza, 27 October 1997, p. 4. This article was strategically placed just below one reporting and strongly criticizing Father Jankowski's latest outburst in a sermon on 26 October.
36. "Dościgniȩta przez przeszłość," Gazeta Wyborcza, 30 October 1997, p. 3.
37. I. Śledzińska-Katarasińska, "Jest mi trudno uporac siȩ z tym faktem," and S. Blumsztajn, "Różne były drogi do opozycji," Gazeta Wyborcza, 30 October 1997, p. 3.
38. I. Śledzińska-Katarasińska, "Jest mi trudno uporac siȩ z tym faktem," and S. Blumsztajn, "Różne były drogi do opozycji," Gazeta Wyborcza, 30 October 1997, p. 3.
39. "Uśpienie sumień," Gazeta Wyborcza, 3 November 1997, p. 1.
40. "Pyry tygodnia," Gazeta Wyborcza-Gazeta Wielkopolska, 31 October 1997, p. 20.
41. J. Schmidt, "Antysemityzm satyryczno-tragiczny," in W. Burszta, ed., Antropologiczne wȩdrówki po kulturze (Poznań, 1996), p. 167.