Industrial process monitoring of polymerization and spray drying processes

Polymer Reaction Engineering

Volumn 11, Issue 4 SPEC. ISS., 2003, Pages 663-714

  Hergeth, Wolf Dieter ^a   Jaeckle, Christiane ^a   Krell, Manfred ^a  

^a WACKER CHEMIE AG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Chemometrics; Data analysis; Fraunhofer diffraction; Hard sensor; Multivariate statistical methods; Near infrared spectroscopy; Process monitoring; Radical polymerization; Raman spectroscopy; Reaction calorimetry; Soft sensor; Spray drying

Indexed keywords

CALORIMETRY; DRYING; EMULSION POLYMERIZATION; EMULSIONS; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; LEAST SQUARES APPROXIMATIONS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; SENSORS; SOLUTIONS; STATISTICAL METHODS; SUSPENSIONS (FLUIDS);

CHEMOMETRICS; DROPLET FORMATION; FRAUNHOFER DIFFRACTION; INDUSTRIAL PROCESS MONITORING; LASER LIGHT SCATTERING METHODS; MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL METHODS; NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; SPRAY DRYING;

FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION;

EID: 0346280164     PISSN: 10543414     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/PRE-120026369     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. (2001). Burns, D. A., Ciurczak, E. W., eds. In: Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.
2. (2002). In: Siesler, H. W., Ozaki, Y., Kawata, S., Heise, H. M., eds. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Principles, Instruments, Applications. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH.
3. BenAmor, S., Colombié, D., McKenna, T. (2002). Online reaction calorimetry. Applications to the monitoring of emulsion polymerization without samples or models of the heat-transfer coefficient. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41:4233-4241.
4. Carloff, R., Proß, A., Reichert, K.-H. (1994). Temperature oscillation calorimetry in stirred tank reactors with variable heat transfer. Chem. Eng. Technol. 17:406-413.
5. Geladi, P., Kowalski, B. R. (1986). Partial least-squares regression: a tutorial. Anal. Chim. Acta 185(1):1-17.
6. Giese, J. (2000). Electronic noses. Food Technol. 54(3):96-100.
7. Hergeth, W.-D. (1998). Unpublished results, Wacker-Chemie GmbH.
8. Hergeth, W.-D. (1998). Raman scattering on polymeric dispersions. Chem. Eng. Technol. 21:8.
9. Hergeth, W.-D. (2001). On-line monitoring of chemical reactions. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 6th ed. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH. Electronic Release.
10. Jackson, J. E. (1991). A User's Guide to Principal Components. John Wiley and Sons.
11. Johnson, R. A., Wichern, D. W. (1988). Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall.
12. Kaistha, N., Moore, C. F. (2001). Extraction of event times in batch profiles for time synchronization and quality predictions. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40:252-260.
13. Kassidas, A., MacGregor, J. F., Taylor, P. A. (1998). Synchronization of batch trajectories using dynamic time warping. AIChE J. 44:864-875.
14. Kourti, T., MacGregor, J. F. (1995). Process analysis, monitoring and diagnosis, using multivariate projection methods-a tutorial. Chemometr. Intell Lab. Syst. 28:3-21.
15. Kourti, T., MacGregor, J. F. (1996). Multivariate SPC methods for process and product monitoring. J. Qual. Technol. 28(4):409-428.
16. Kourti, T. (2002). Process analysis and abnormal situation detection: from theory to practice. IEEE Cont. Syst. pp. 10-125.
17. Kresta, J., MacGregor, J. F., Marlin, T. E. (1991). Multivariate statistical monitoring of process operating performance. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 69:35-47.
18. Kresta, J. V., Marlin, T. E., MacGregor, J. F. (1994). Development of inferential process models using PLS. Comput. Chem. Eng. 18:597-611.
19. Lewin, T., Hildebrandt, V., Reichert, K.-H. (1993). Wärmeübergang während der Polymerisation in einem Rührkesselreaktor. Chem. Ing. Technol. 65(6):739-741.
20. Lüdke, I. (2000). Untersuchungen zur Methode der Temperaturschwingungskalorimetrie in einem Rührkesselreaktor. PhD-thesis, Technical University Berlin.
21. Lutz, H., Hahner, C. (2002). Applications of redispersible powders. In: Urban, D., Takamura, K., eds. Polymer Dispersions and Their Industrial Applications. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, pp. 329-354.
22. MacGregor, J. F. (1986). On-Line Reactor Energy Balances Via Kalman Filtering. Akron, Ohio: IFAC Instrumentation and Automation Industries.
23. Masters, K. (1991). Spray Drying Handbook. Brunt Mill, Harlow: Longman Scientific & Technical.
24. McAvoy, T. J., Wang, N. S., Bhat, N., Gunter, J., Simmons, M. (1989). Interpreting biosensor data via backpropagation. In: Proceeding of the 1989 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN'89). Vol. 1. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, pp. 227-233.
25. McKenna, T. F., Othman, S., Févotte, G., Santos, A. M., Hammouri, H. (2000). An integrated approach to polymer reaction engineering: a review of calorimetry and state estimation. Polym. React. Eng. 8(1):1-38.
26. Neogi, D., Schlags, C. E. (1998). Multivariate statistical analysis of an emulsion batch process. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 37:3971-3979.
27. Nilsson, H., Silvegren, C., Törnell, B. (1981). Calorimetric determination of polymerisation conversion in a large laboratory reactor. Brit. Polym. J. 13:164-167.
28. Nomikos, P., MacGregor, J. F. (1994). Monitoring of batch processes using multiway principal component analysis. AIChE J. 40(8):1361-1375.
29. Nomikos, P., MacGregor, J. F. (1995). Multivariate SPC charts for monitoring batch processes. Technometrics 37(1):41-59.
30. Özpozan, T., Schrader, B., Keller, S. (1997). Monitoring of the polymerization of vinylacetate by near IR FT Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim. Acta 53:1.
31. Regenass, W. (1997). The development of stirred-tank heat flow calorimetry as a tool for process optimization and process safety. Chimia 51:189-200.
32. Santos, A. F., Lima, E., Pinto, J. C. (1998). In-line evaluation of average particle size in styrene suspension polymerizations using near-infrared spectroscopy. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70(9):1737-1745.
33. Schimetzek, R., Giesbrecht, H. (1999). Absicherung von zulaufreaktoren durch Überwachung der Reaktantenakkumulation mittels On-line-Energiebilanzierung. Chem. Ing. Technol. 71:433-440.
34. Schlenoff, J. B., Fong, Y., Wang, C., Vickers, T. J., Mann, C. K. (1992). In situ monitoring of emulsion and bulk polymerization by fiber optic raman spectroscopy. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 72:52.
35. Schrader, B. (1995). Tools for infrared and Raman spectroscopy. In: Schrader, B., ed. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy. Weinheim: VCH-Verlagsgesellschaft, pp. 63-188.
36. Schuler, H., Schmidt, C. U. (1992). Calorimetric state estimators for chemical reactor diagnosis and control. Review of methods and applications. Chem. Eng. Sci. 47:899.
37. Sucrow, W., Finkendei, J., Pauer, W., Moritz, H.-U. (2000). Thermische Auslegung und Scale-up chemischer Reaktoren mit Hilfe der Temperaturschwingungsanalyse. GIT Labor-Fachz. 44:540-544.
38. Tatiraju, S., Soroush, M., Ogunnaike, B. A. (1999). Multirate nonlinear state estimation with application to a polymerization reactor. AIChE J. 45(4):769-780.
39. Tian, Y., Zhang, J., Morris, J. (2002). Optimal control of a batch emulsion copolymerisation reactor based on recurrent neural network models. Chem. Eng. Process. 41:531-538.
40. Tietze, A. (1998). Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Temperaturschwingungskalorimetrie. Berlin: Wissenschaft und Technik Verlag.
41. Van Den Brink, M., Hansen, J.-F., De Peinder, P., Van Herk, A. M., German, A. L. (2001). Measurement of partial conversions during the solution copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate using on-line Raman spectroscopy. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 79:426-436.
42. Vögel, A., Ebert, J., Brox, M. (1997). Qualitätskontrolle von Polymerdispersionen. Farbe & Lack 4:204-208.
43. Wang, C., Vickers, T. J., Schlenoff, J. B., Mann, C. K. (1992). In situ monitoring of emulsion polymerization using fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy. Appl. Spectrosc. 46:1729.
44. Wang, C., Vickers, T. J., Mann, C. K. (1993). Use of water as an internal standard in the direct monitoring of emulsion polymerization by fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy. Appl. Spectrosc. 47:928.
45. Westerhuis, J. A., Kourti, T., MacGregor, J. F. (1999). Comparing alternative approaches for multivariate statistical analysis of batch process data. J. Chemom. 13 (Special Issue: Proceedings of the International Chemometrics Research Meeting, May 1998, Veldhoven, The Netherlands).
46. Westerhuis, J. A., Gurden, S. P., Smilde, A. K. (2000). Generalized contribution plots in multivariate statistical process monitoring. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 51:95-114.
47. Willis, M. J., DiMassimo, C., Montague, G. A., Tham, M. T., Morris, J. (1991). Artificial neural networks in process engineering. Proc. IEEE Part, D 138(3):256-266.
48. Wold, S. (1978). Cross-validatory estimation of the number of components in factor and principal components models. Technometrics 20:397-405.
49. Wold, S., Esbensen, K., Geladi, P. (1987). Principal component analysis. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 2:37-52.