Proper metrics for clinical trials: Transformations and other procedures to remove non-normality effects

Statistics in Medicine

Volumn 22, Issue 24, 2003, Pages 3823-3842

  Lachenbruch, Peter A ^a  

^a CENTER FOR BIOLOGICS EVALUATION AND RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Non normality; Rank sum and Box Cox likelihood ratio test; Size and power of t test

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM OXIDE; HEMOGLOBIN;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; CLINICAL STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL; FEMALE; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HEAD INJURY; HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MALE; NONHUMAN; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; RANK SUM TEST; SIMULATION; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL MODEL; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT;

ANIMALS; CADMIUM COMPOUNDS; CLINICAL TRIALS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; MALE; OXIDES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0346258216     PISSN: 02776715     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/sim.1675     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. Miller R. Beyond Anova: Basics of Applied Statistics. Wiley: New York, 1986 (reprinted by Chapman & Hall, 1997).
2. Efron B. Student's t test under symmetry conditions. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1969; 64:1278-1302.
3. Shevlyakov GL, Vilchevski NO. Robustness in Data Analysis: Criteria and Methods. Utrecht: VSP, 2002.
4. Andrews DF, Bickel PJ, Hampel FJ, Huber PJ, Rogers WH, Tukey J. Robust Estimates of Location: Survey and Advances. Princeton University Press: Princeton, 1972.
5. Staudte RG, Sheatber SJ. Robust Estimation and Testing. Wiley: New York, 1990.
6. Berger V. Pros and cons of permutation tests in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 2000; 19:1319-1328.
7. Harrell Jr FE. Regression Modeling Strategies. Springer: New York, 2001.
8. StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 7.0. Stata Corporation: College Station, TX, 2001.
9. Pawitan Y. In All Likelihood. Oxford University Press: New York, 2001.
10. Daniel WW. Biostatistics: a Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences (5 edn). Wiley: New York, 1991.
11. Conover WJ, Iman RL. Rank transformations as a bridge between parametric and non-parametric statistics. The American Statistician 1981; 35:124-129 (Discussion by Noether and Fligner, pp. 129-131 and rejoinder).
12. Conover WJ, Iman RL. Analysis of covariance using the rank transformation. Biometrics 1982; 38:715-724.