Advanced space propulsion for the 21st century

Journal of Propulsion and Power

Volumn 19, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 1129-1154

  Frisbee, Robert H ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AERODYNAMICS; AEROSPACE ENGINEERING; COST EFFECTIVENESS; LIQUID PROPELLANTS; LOW TEMPERATURE OPERATIONS; ROCKETS; THERMAL VARIABLES CONTROL; VELOCITY;

ADVANCED SPACE PROPULSION; CHEMICAL PROPULSION SYSTEM; SPACE MISSIONS;

SPACECRAFT PROPULSION;

EID: 0346215908     PISSN: 07484658     EISSN: 15333876     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2514/2.6948     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Mankins, J. C., "Highly Reusable Space Transportation Study Project Overview," Proceedings of the Highly Reusable Space Transportation Technical Interchange Meeting, Vol. 2, Boeing Missile and Space Div., Huntsville, AL, 1996.
2. Tsiolkovsky [Ciolkowski], K. E., "Isslyedovanye Mirovykh Prostranstv Ryeaktivnymi Priborami" ("Investigation of World Spaces with Reactive Devices"), Nautchnoye Obozryeniye (Science Review), 1903
3. Tsiolkovsky [Ciolkowski], K. E., "Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky [Ciolkowski] (1857-1935)," URANOS Group [online], URL: http://www.uranos.eu.org/biogr/ciolke,html [last update 6 Aug. 2001, cited 22 Jan. 2003].
4. Bordman, T., "Results of Testing a 250,000 lbf Thrust Hybrid Rocket Motor Under the Hybrid Propulsion Demonstration Program," AIAA Paper 99-2324, June 1999.
5. Meinhardt, D., "Performance and Life Testing of Small HAN Thrusters," AIAA Paper 99-2881, June 1999.
6. Garrison, P. W., Frisbee, R. H., and Pompa, M., "Ultra-High Performance Propulsion for Planetary Spacecraft," Jet Propulsion Lab., FY'81 Final Rept., 715-151, D-2123, Pasadena, CA, Jan. 1982.
7. Mead, F. B., et al., "Advanced Propulsion Concepts-Project Outgrowth," Air Force Rocket Propulsion Lab., Edwards AFB, CA, AFRPL TR-72-31, June 1972.
8. Pelaccio, D., and Palaszewski, B., "Preliminary Assessment of Using Gelled and Hybrid Propellant Propulsion for VTOL/SSTO Launch Systems," AIAA Paper 97-3216, July 1997.
9. Palaszewski, B., "Solid Hydrogen Experiments for Atomic Propellants: Particle Formation Energy and Imaging Analyses," AIAA Paper 2002-4092, July 2002.
10. Rosen, G., "Manufacture and Deflagration of an Atomic Hydrogen Propellant," AIAA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 10, 1974, pp. 1325-1330.
11. Rom, F. E., "Nuclear Rocket Propulsion," NASA TM-X-1685.
12. Durham, F. P., and Kirk, W. L., "The Design of a Nuclear Rocket Engine for Advanced Unmanned Missions," AIAA Paper 72-1090, Nov. 1972.
13. Howe, S. D., et al., "SAFE Testing of Nuclear Rockets," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2001
14. Howe, S. D., "High Energy Density Propulsion-Reducing the Risk to Humans in Planetary Exploration," Space Policy, Dec. 2001
15. Howe, S. D., et al., "SAFE Testing of Nuclear Rockets Economically," Proceedings of the Space Technology and Applications Forum (STAIF), 2003.
16. Bulman, M., et al., "LOX Augmented Nuclear Thermal Rocket Proof of Concept Testing," AIAA Paper 2000-3897, July 2000.
17. Riehl, J., et al., "Outer Planet Orbiter Missions Using a Small Bimodal Nuclear Thermal/Electric Propulsion System," AIAA Paper 99-2543, June 1999
18. Borowski, S., et al., "Human Exploration Missions to the Moon, Mars, and Near Earth Asteroids Using Bimodal NTR Propulsion," AIAA Paper 2000-3115, July 2000.
19. Hendrie, J. M., et al., "Rotating Bed Fluidized Reactor for Space Nuclear Propulsion, Annual Report, Design Studies and Experimental Results," Brookhaven National Lab., BNL-50321, June 1970-1971
20. Botts, T., et al., "A Compact, High-Performance Electrical Power Source Based on the Rotating Bed Nuclear Reactor," Brookhaven National Lab., BNL-27460, BNL, Upton, NY, Jan. 1980.
21. Asker, J. R., "Particle Bed Reactor Central to SDI Nuclear Rocket Project," Aviation Week and Space Technology, 8 April 1991, p. 18
22. Asker, J. R., "TIMBERWIND/Space Nuclear Thermal Propulsion," Federation of American Scientists [online], URL: http://www.fas.org/nuke/space/c08tw_1.htm [cited 2 June 2003], Federation of American Scientists Washington, DC.
23. Ragsdale, R. G., and Willis, E. A., Jr., "Gas Core Rocket Reactors-A New Look," NASA TM-X-67823, 1971
24. Ragsdale, R. G., "To Mars in 30 Days by Gas Core Nuclear Rocket," Astronautics and Aeronautics, Jan. 1972, pp. 65-71.
25. Lathan, T. S., and Rodgers, R. J., "Small Nuclear Light Bulb Engine with Cold Beryllium Reflectors," AIAA Paper 72-1093, Nov. 1972.
26. Howe, S., "Gateway to the Solar System: the Gas Core Nuclear Rocket," Aerospace America, Aug. 2000
27. Thode, L., Cline, M., and Howe, S., "Vortex Formation and Stability in a Scaled Gas-Core Nuclear Rocket Configuration," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1998, pp. 530-536
28. Howe, S., DeVolder, B., Thode, L., and Zerkle, D., "Reducing the Risk to Mars: the Gas Core Nuclear Rocket," Proceedings of the Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF), Los Alamos, Rept. LAUR-97-3361, Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 1998
29. Howe, S., DeVolder, B., Thode, L., and Zerkle, D., "The Gas Core Nuclear Rocket Feasibility Project," Los Alamos, Rept. LAUR-97-3786, Albuquerque, NM, Sept. 1997
30. Thode, L., Cline, M., and Howe, S., "Study of Recirculation and Stability in an Open-Cycle Gas-Core Nuclear Rocket," AIAA Paper 97-2955-1, July 1997.
31. Martin, A. R., and Bond, A., "Nuclear Pulse Propulsion: A Historical Review of an Advanced Propulsion Concepts," Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 32, 1979, pp. 283-310
32. Flora, Michael, "Project Orion: Its Life, Death, and Possible Rebirth," Encyclopedia Astronatica [online database] URL: http://www.astronautix.com/articles/probirth.htm [last update 26 June 2002, cited 10 Dec. 20002].
33. Schnitzler, B. G., Jones, J. L., and Chapline, G. F., "Fission Fragment Rocket Preliminary Feasibility Assessment," Idaho National Engineering Lab., Contract No. DEACO7-76IDO1570; also Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Contract No. W-7405-ENG-88, 1989.
34. Forward, R. L., "Radioisotope Sails for Deep Space Propulsion and Electrical Power," AIAA Paper 95-2596, July 1995.
35. Howe, S., and Jackson, G., "Antimatter Driven Sail for Deep Space Missions," Phase I Final Rept., NIAC [online database], URL: http://www.niac.usra.edu [cited 20 Aug. 2003], NIAC, Atlanta, GA.
36. Thio, F., "A Summary of the NASA Fusion Propulsion Workshop 2000," AIAA Paper 2001-3669, July 2001.
37. Orth, C., et al., "Transport Vehicle for Manned Mars Missions Powered by Inertial Confinement Fusion," AIAA Paper 87-1904, June-July 1987.
38. Martin, A. R., (ed.), "Project Daedalus-The Final Report of the BIS Starship Study," Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Supplement 1978.
39. Forward, R. L., "Antiproton Annihilation Propulsion," AIAA Paper 84-1482, June 1984; also Air Force Rocket Propulsion Lab., AFRPL TR-85-034, Sept. 1985, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Lab., Edwards, AFB, CA.
40. Smith, G. A., et al., "Antiproton-Catalyzed Micro-fission/Fusion Propulsion Systems for Exploration of the Outer Solar System and Beyond," AIAA Paper 96-3069, July 1996.
41. Lewis, R., et al., "AIMStar: Antimatter Initiated Microfusion for Precursor Interstellar Missions," AIAA Paper 99-2700, June 1999.
42. Mills, J., "Nuclear Multimegawatt (MMW) Power System for Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP)," Rocketdyne, BD-90-9, Jan. 1990.
43. Dunning, J., and Benson, S., "NASA's Electric Propulsion Program," AIAA Paper 2002-3557, July 2002.
44. Spores, R., "Overview of USAF Electric Propulsion Program," AIAA Paper 2002-3558, July 2002.
45. Britt, N., "Electric Propulsion Activities in US Industry," AIAA Paper 2002-3559, July 2002.
46. Wilbur, P., "Review of the EP Activities of US Academia," AIAA Paper 2002-3560, July 2002.
47. Saccoccia, G., "Overview of European EP Activities," AIAA Paper 2001-3228, July 2001.
48. Koroteev, A., and Gorshkov, O., "Overview of Russian EP Activities," AIAA Paper 2001-3229, July 2001.
49. Kuninaka, H., "Overview of EP Activities in Japan," AIAA Paper 2002-3563, July 2002.
50. "Project Prometheus," NASA Office of Space Science [online], URL: http://spacescience.nasa.gov/missions/promteheus.htm and http://spacescience.nasa.gov/missions/JIMO.pdf [last update Feb. 2003, cited 7 July 2003], NASA, Washington, DC.
51. Chang-Diaz, F., et al., "The Physics and Engineering of the VASIMR Engine," AIAA Paper 2000-3756, July 2000.
52. Mueller, J., et al., "JPL Micro-Thrust Propulsion Activities," AIAA Paper 2002-5714, Sept. 2002.
53. Frisbee, R. H., et al., "Laser Propulsion for the Orbital Transfer Mission," AIAA Paper 85-1224, July 1985.
54. Sercel, J., and Frisbee, R., "Beamed Energy For Spacecraft Propulsion, Conceptual Status and Development Potential," Space Manufacturing 6: Nonterrestrial Resources, Biosciences, and Space Engineering, Proceedings of the Eighth Princeton/AIAA/SSI Conference, 1987, Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ.
55. Wassom, S., "Solar Thermal Propulsion IHPRPT Demonstration Program Status," AIAA Paper 2001-3735, July 2001.
56. Myrabo, L. N., "Advanced Beamed-Energy and Field Propulsion Concepts," Final Rept. JPL Contract No. 956396, BDM Corp., BDM/W-83-225-TR, 31 May 1983.
57. Myrabo, L., "Record WSMR Flight of Beam-Riding Lightcraft Propelled by High Power Laser Ablation," AIAA Paper 2001-3798, July 2001.
58. Garner, C., "Developments and Activities in Solar Sails," AIAA Paper 2001-3234, July 2001.
59. "Cosmos 1, The First Solar Sail," Planetary Society [online], URL: http://www.planetary.org/solarsail/index2.html [last update 1 May 2003, cited 7 July 2003], Planetory Society, Pasadena, CA.
60. Forward, R. L., "Roundtrip Interstellar Travel Using Laser-Pushed Lightsails," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1984, pp. 187-195.
61. Forward, R. L., "Starwisp: An Ultra-Light Interstellar Probe," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 22, No. 3, 1985, pp. 345-350
62. Landis, G., "Microwave Pushed Inte4rstellar Sail: Starwisp Revisited," AIAA Paper 2000-3337, July 2000.
63. Zubrin, R. M., and Andrews, D. G., "Magnetic Sails and Interplanetary Travel," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1991, pp. 197-203.
64. Winglee, R., et al., "Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2): High Speed Propulsion Sailing the Solar Wind," Space Technology and Applications Forum-2000 (STAIF-2000), edited by M. S. El-Genk, American Inst. of Physics, 2000
65. Winglee, R. M., et al., "Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion: Trapping the Energy of the Solar Wind for Spacecraft Propulsion," Journal of Geophysical Research (submitted for publication).
66. Singer, C. E., "Interstellar Propulsion Using a Pellet Stream for Momentum Transfer," Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 33, 1980, pp. 107-115.
67. Ewig, R., and Andrews, D., "Microfission-Powered Orion Rocket," Presented at the NASA JPL/MSFC 13th Annual (Advanced Space Propulsion Workshop (ASPW2003), 4-6 June 2002, Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA
68. Andrews Space and Technology, "Mini-MagOrion (MMO)," URL: http://www.andrews-space.com/en/corporate/MMO.html [last update 2003, cited 20 June 2003], Andrews Space, Seattle, WA.
69. Anderson, J. D., et al., "Hypersonic Waveriders for Planetary Atmospheres," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1991
70. McRonald, A. D., and Randolph, J. E., "Hypersonic Maneuvering for Augmenting Planetary Gravity Assist," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 29, No. 2, 1992.
71. Murphy, C. H., and Bull, G. V., "Review of High Altitude Research Program (HARP)," Ballistic Research Lab., Rept. 1327, July 1966
72. Murphy, C. H., and Bull, G. V., "HARP 5-inch and 16-inch Guns at Yuma Proving Ground Arizona," Ballistic Research Lab., Rept. 1825, Feb. 1967
73. Murphy, C. H., Bull, G. V., and Boyer, E. D., "Gun-Launched Sounding Rockets and Projectiles," New York Academy of Sciences Annals, Vol. 187, Jan. 1972, pp. 304-323
74. Groundwater, F. M., "The Development of Gun Launched Rockets," Space Research Inst. Rept. SRI-H-R-6, McGill Univ., Montreal, Feb. 1968.
75. Henderson, B. W., "Livermore Proposes Light Gas Gun for Launch of Small Payloads," Aviation Week and Space Technology, 23 July 1999, p. 78
76. Henderson, B. W., "Ram Accelerator Demonstrates Potential for Hypervelocity Research, Light Launch," Aviation Week and Space Technology, 30 Sept. 1991, pp. 50-51
77. Henderson, B. W., "World's Largest Light Gas Gun Nears Completion at Livermore," Aviation Week and Space Technology, 10 Aug. 1992, pp. 57-59.
78. Bruckner, A. P., and Hertzberg, A., "Ram Accelerator Direct Launch System for Space Cargo," International Astronautical Federation, IAF Paper-87-211, Oct. 1987.
79. Jones, R. M., "Electromagnetically Launched Micro Spacecraft for Space Science Missions," AIAA Paper 88-0068, Jan. 1988.
80. Lipinski, R. J., et al., "Space Applications for Contactless Coilguns," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1993.
81. Mankins, J. C., et al., "MagLifter: An Advanced Concept for Reducing the Cost of Earth-to-Orbit Transportation," NASA, MagLifter White Paper, First ed., 6 Dec. 1993
82. Mankins, J. C., "Electromagnetic Earth-to-Orbit Launch Concepts-One Strategy in Achieving Reductions in Launch Costs Beyond the 'Next Generation'," AIAA Paper 94-4625, Sept. 1994.
83. Frisbee, R. H., et al., "Advanced Propulsion Options for the Mars Cargo Mission," AIAA Paper 90-1997, July 1990.
84. Carroll, J. A., "SEDS Deployer Design and Flight Performance," International Conference on Tethers In Space, Paper WSEDS-A-1, April 1995.
85. Forward, R. L., "Fail-Safe Multistrand Tether Structures for Space Propulsion," AIAA Paper 92-3214, July 1992.
86. Forward, R. L., Indistinguishable from Magic, Baen Books, Riverdale, NY, 1995, pp. 59-89.
87. Johnson, L., et al., "Propulsive Small Expendable Deployer System (ProSEDS) Experiment: Expected Performance," AIAA Paper 2002-3895, July 2002.
88. Smitherman, D., "Advanced Concepts for Space Elevators and Electromagnetic Propulsion in the 21st Century," AIAA Paper 2000-3758, July 2000.
89. Green, S., "Trade Study of Five ISPP Systems for Mars Sample Return Mission," AIAA Paper 99-2410, June 1999.
90. Lee, J., "Powdered Magnesium-Carbon Dioxide Propulsion Concept," AIAA Paper 99-2408, 1999
91. Wickman, J., "In-Situ Mars Rocket and Jet Engines Burning Carbon Dioxide," AIAA Paper 99-2409, June 1999.
92. Steurer, W. H., "Extraterrestrial Materials Processing," Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 82-41, Pasadena, CA, 15 April 1982.
93. Frisbee, R. H., and Jones, R. M., "An Analysis of Propulsion Options for Transport of Lunar Materials to Earth Orbit," AIAA Paper 83-1344, June 1983.
94. Frisbee, R. H., "Ultra-High Performance Propulsion for Planetary Spacecraft," Jet Propulsion Lab., FY'82 Final Document, D-1097, Pasadena, CA, Oct. 1983.
95. Nakamura, Y., "Propulsion Concepts for Advanced Systems," NASA 113-31-11-08-00, Sept. 1972.
96. Bussard, R. W., "Galactic Matter and Interstellar Flight," Astronautica Acta, Vol. 6, No. 4, 1960, pp. 179-194.
97. Frisbee, R. H., and Leifer, S. D., "Evaluation of Propulsion Options for Interstellar Missions," AIAA Paper 98-3403, July 1998.
98. Millis, M., "Welcome to the NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Physics (BPP) Project Public Information Site," URL: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/ [last update 5 Feb., 2003, cited 1 July, 2003], NASA 6RC, Cleveland, OH.