Micromorphological interpretation of a "turf-filled" funerary shaft at St. Albans, United Kingdom

Geoarchaeology - An International Journal

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 617-644

  Macphail, Richard I ^a   Cruise, G M ^b   Mellalieu, S J ^a   Niblett, R ^c   Bond, S ^a   Dormor, I ^a   Reeves, K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b LONDON METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c Kyngston House   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; DETECTION METHOD; MICROMORPHOLOGY; PASTURE;

ENGLAND; HERTFORDSHIRE; SAINT ALBANS [HERTFORDSHIRE]; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0346123253     PISSN: 08836353     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6548(199808)13:6<617::aid-gea5>3.0.co;2-1     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Avery, B.W. (1964). The Soils and Land-Use of the District around Aylesbury and Hemel Hempstead. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office.
2. Avery, B.W. (1990). Soils of the British Isles. Wallingford: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau International.
3. Babel, U. (1975) Micromorphology of Soil Organic Matter. In J.E. Giesking, Ed., Soil Components, Volume 1: Organic Components, pp. 369-473. New York: Springer-Verlag.
4. Bal, L. (1982). Zoological Ripening of Soils. Agricultural Research Reports No. 850. Wageningen: Pudoc.
5. Batterbee, R.W. (1986). Diatom Analysis. In B.E. Berglund, Ed., Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology. Chichester. Wiley.
6. Beckman, G.G., and Smith, K.J. (1974). Micromorphological Changes in Surface Soils Following Wetting, Drying and Trampling. In G.K. Rutherford, Ed., Soil Microscopy, pp. 832-845. Kingston, Ontario: Limestone.
7. Bell, M.G., Fowler, P.J., and Hillson, S.W., Eds. (1996). The Experimental Earthwork Project, 1960-1992. Research Report. York: Council for British Archaeology.
8. Bisdom, E.B.A., Tessier, D., and Schoute, J.F.T (1990). Micromorphological Techniques in Research and Teaching (Submicroscopy). In LA. Douglas, Ed., Soil Micromorphology: A Basic and Applied Science, pp. 581-604. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
9. Bullock, P., Fedoroff, N., Jongerius, A., Stoops, G., and Tursina, T. (1985). Handbook for Soil Thin Section Description. Wolverhampton: Waine Research Publications.
10. Bullock, P., and Murphy, C.P. (1979). Evolution of a Paleo-Argillic Brown Earth (Paleudalf) from Oxfordshire, England. Geoderma 22, 225-252.
11. Courty, M.A. (1990). Environnements Géologiques dans le Nord-Ouest de l'Inde. Contraintes Géodyna-miques au Peuplement Protohistorique. Bassins de la Ghaggar-Saraswati-Chautang, Thesis, l'Université Bordeaux I (unpublished).
12. Courty, M.A., Goldberg, P., and Macphail, R.I. (1989). Soils, Micromorphology and Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Courty, M.A., Macphail, R.I., and Wattez, J. (1992). Soil Micromorphological Indicators of Pastoralism; with Special Reference to Arene Candide, Finale Ligure, Italy. In R. Maggi, R. Nisbet, and G. Barker, Eds., Archeolgia della Paslorizia nell'Europa Meridionale II, pp. 127-150. Rivista di Studi Liguri LVII Bordighera: Rivista di Studi Liguri.
14. Courty, M.A., Goldberg, P., and Macphail, R.I. (1994). Ancient People-Lifestyles and Cultural Patterns. In L. Wilding, Ed., Proceedings of International Soil Science Society, 6a, pp. 250-269. Acapulco: International Society of Soil Science.
15. Crowther, J., Macphail, R.I., and Cruise, G.M. (1996). Short-Term Post-Burial Change in a Humic Rendzina, Overton Down Experimental Earthwork, Wiltshire, England Geoarchaeology 11, 95-117.
16. Cruise, G.M., and Macphail, R.I. (in press/1998). Microstratigraphical Signatures of Experimental Occupation Deposits and Archaeological Sites. In D. Shotliff and N. Shepherd, Eds., Interpreting Stratigraphy (Vol. 9). York: University of York.
17. Denys, L. (1991). A Checklist of the Diatoms in the Holocene Deposits of the Western Belgian Coastal Plain with a Survey of Their Apparent Ecological Requirements. 1. Introduction, Ecological Code and Complete List. Professional Paper No. 246. Brussels: Service Geologique de Belgique.
18. Dimbleby, G.W. (1962). The Development of British Heathlands and Their Soils. Oxford: Clarendon.
19. Duchaufour, P. (1982). Pedology. London: Allen and Unwin.
20. English Heritage (1991). Management of Archaeological Projects. London: English Heritage.
21. Estyn Evans, E. (1957). Irish Folk Ways. London: Routledge & Keegan Paul.
22. Jarvis, M.G., Allen, R.H., Fordham, S.J., et al., (1983). Soils of England and Wales. Sheet 6: South-East England. Southampton: Ordnance Survey.
23. Jarvis, M.G., Allen, R.H., Fordham, S.J., et al., (1984). Soils and Their Use in South-East England. Soil Survey Bulletin No. 15. Harpenden: Soil Survey of England and Wales.
24. Jongerius, A. (1970). Some Morphological Aspects of Regrouping Phenomena in Dutch Soils. Geoderma 4, 311-331.
25. Kelley, J., and Wiltshire, P. (1996). Microbiological Report. In M. Bell, P.J. Fowler, and S.W. Hillson, Eds., The Experimental Earthwork Project, 1960-1992, pp. 148-155. Research Report. York: Council for British Archaeology.
26. Macphail, R.I. (1987). A Review of Soil Science in Archaeology in England. In H.C.M. Keeley, Ed., Environmental Archaeology: A Regional Review, Vol. 2, pp. 332-379. Occasional Paper No. 1. London: English Heritage.
27. Macphail, R.I. (1994). The Re-Working of Urban Stratigraphy by Human and Natural Processes. In A. Hall and H. Kenward, Eds., The Archaeology of Town and Country: Economic Connections and Environmental Contrasts, pp. 13-44. Oxford:Oxbow Books.
28. Macphail, R.I., and Cruise, G.M. (1995) Soil Micromorphology. In M. Bell, P.J. Fowler, and S.W. Hillson, Eds., The Experimental Earthwork Project, 1960-1902, pp. 95-107. Research Report. York: Council for British Archaeology.
29. Macphail, R.I., and Goldberg, P. (1995). Recent Advances in Micromorphological Interpretations of Soils and Sediments from Archaeological Sites. In A.J. Barham and R.I. Macphail, Eds., Archaeological Sediments and Soils: Analysis, Interpretation and Management, pp. 1-24e. London: Institute of Archaeology.
30. Macphail, R.I., Romans, J.C.C., and Robertson, L. (1987). The Application of Micromorphology to the Understanding of Holocene Soil Development in the British Isles; with Special Reference to Early Cultivation. In N. Fedoroff, L.M. Bresson, and M.A. Courty, Eds., Soil Micromorphology, pp. 647-656: Plaisir: Association Française pour l'Etude du Sol.
31. Macphail, R.I., Courty, M.A., and Gebhardt, A. (1990). Soil Micromorphological Evidence of Early Agriculture in North-West Europe. World Archaeology 22(1), 53-69.
32. Macphail, R.I., Courty, M.A., Wattez, J., and Hather, J. (1997a). The Soil Micromorphological Evidence of Domestic Occupation and Stabling Activities. In R. Maggi, Ed., Arene Candide: A Functional and Environmental Assessment of the Holocene Sequences Excavated by L. Bernabo' Brea (1940-1950), pp 53-88. Rome: Il Calamo, Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana.
33. Macphail, R.I., Cruise, G.M., and Linderholm, J. (in press/1998). Integrating Soil Micromorphology and Rapid Chemical Survey Methods: New Developments in Reconstructing Past Rural Settlement and Landscape Organization. In D. Shotliff and N. Shepherd, Eds., Interpreting Stratigraphy (Vol. 9). York: University of York.
34. Murphy, C.P. (1986). Thin Section Preparation of Soils and Sediments. Berkhamsted: AB Academic.
35. Niblett, R. (1995). A New Site at Verulamium (St. Albans). In R. Holdgate, Ed., Chiltern Archaeology. Recent Work. A Handbook for the Next Decade, pp. 96-102. Dunstable: The Book Castle.
36. Niblett, R. (in press). The Excavation of the Ceremonial Site at Folly Lane, Verulamium, Brittania Monograph No. 14.
37. Nørnberg, P., and Courty, M.A. (1985). Standard Geological Methods Used on Archaeological Problems. In T. Edgren and H. Junger, Eds., Proceedings 3rd Nordic Conference on the Application of Scientific Methods to Archaeology, pp. 107-117. Helsinki: ISKOS.
38. Patto, P.M., Clement, C.R., and Forbes, T.J. (1974). Permanent Grassland Studies. 2 Grassland Poaching in England and Wales. Maidenhead: The Permanent Pasture Group.
39. Reynolds, P.J. (1981). Deadstock and Livestock. In R. Mercer Ed., Farming Practices in British Prehistory, pp. 97-122. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
40. Romans, J.C.C., and Robertson, L. (1983). The Environment of North Britain: Soils. In J.C. Chapman and H.C. Mytum, Eds., Settlement in North Britain 1000 BC to AD 1000, pp. 55-79. British Series 118. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
41. Scaife, R.G., and Macphail, R.I. (1983). The Post-Devensian Development of Heathland Soils and Vegetation. In P. Burnham, Ed., Soils of the Heathlands and Chalklands, pp. 70-99. Wye: Seesoil 1.
42. Scholefield, D., and Hall, D.M. (1985). A Method To Measure the Susceptibility of Pasture Soils to Poaching by Cattle. Soil Use and Management 1, 134-138.
43. Veneman, P.L.M., Jacke, P.V., and Bodine, S.M. (1984). Soil Formation as Affected by Pit and Mound Relief in Massachusetts, USA. Geoderma 33, 89-99.