Improved limestone retention in the gizzard of commercial leghorn hens

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 1992, Pages 6-10

  Rao, K S ^a   Roland, D A ^a   Adams, J L ^b   Durboraw, W M ^c  

^a AUBURN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Wengers Feed Mill Inc ^*  (United States)

^c Thomasville Stone and Lime Co ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Calcium; Layers; Limestone; Particle size; Retention in gizzard

Indexed keywords

EID: 0345943603     PISSN: 10566171     EISSN: 15370437     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/japr/1.1.6     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Scott, ML, M. C. Nesheim, and R. J. Young, 1982. Essential inorganic elements. Pages 258-348 in; Nutrition of the Chicken. 3rd ed. M. L. Scott and Associates, Ithaca, NY.
2. North, M. O., 1984. Feeding egg-type layers. Pages 517-514 in: Commercial chicken production manual. 3rd ed. The AVI Publishing Company, Inc. Westport, CN.
3. Kao, K S., and D. A. Roland, Sr., 1989. Influence of dietary calcium level and particle size of calcium source on In vivo calcium solubilization by commercial leghorns. Poultiy Sci. 68:1499-1505.
4. Roland, D. A. Sr., and R. II. Harms, 1973. Calcium metabolism in the laying hen. 5. Effect of various sources and size of calcium carbonate on shell quality. Poultry Sci. 52:369-372.
5. Roland, D. A., Sr., 1986. Eggshell quality IV: Oyster shell versus limestone and the importance of particle size or solubility of calcium source. World's Poult. Sci. J. 42:166-171.
6. Rao, K. S., and D. A. Roland, Sr., Personal obser-vation. Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849.
7. Miller, P. C., and M. L. Sunde, 1975. The effect of various particle sizes and of oyster shell and limestone on performance of laying Leghorn pullets. Poultiy Sci. 54:1422-1433.
8. Adams, J. L. Wengers Feed Mill Inc., Rheems, Pennsylvania, 17570, and W. M. Durboraw, Thomasville Stone and Lime Co., Thomasville, Pennsylvania, 17364.
9. k + LPij + LTit + PTjt + LPTijk + hi(it) +eijklm where Y was the individual observation, was population mean, Lwas the limestone level, P was the particle size effect, T was the sampling time effect, h was the hen effect which was nested within Land T, and e was the experimental error. The LP, LT, PT and LPT were the interactions of three main effects. The term hi(ik) was used to test L, T and all the interactions involving L and T. Because of the interaction of L, P and T, the data was analyzed separately for each limestone level and sampling time. Orthogonal contrast was used to separate the means of fourparticle sizes.
10. SAS, 1986. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Version 6. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
11. Scott, M. L., S. J. Hull, and P. A. Mullenhoff, 1971. The calcium requirements of laying hens and effects of dietary oyster shell upon eggshell quality. Poultry Sci. 50:1055-1029.
12. Rao, K. S. and D. A. Roland, Sr., 1990. In vivo limestone solubilization in commercial Leghorns: Role of dietary calcium level, limestone particle size, in vitro limestone solubility rate, and the calcium status of the hen. Poultiy Sci. 69:2170-2176.
13. The authors wish to thank Jyothi K. Rao for assisting in sieving the limestone particles recovered from the digestive system of the hen and recording the data.