Trends and Determinants of Adult Mortality in Early New England: Reconciling Old and New Evidence from the Long Eighteenth Century

Social Science History

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 480-519

  Hacker, J David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0345910352     PISSN: 01455532     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s014555320001782x     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Adams, J., and A. Kasakoff (1984) "Migration and the family in colonial New England: The view from genealogies." Journal of Family History 9: 24-42.
2. Allison, P. D. (1984) Event History Analysis: Regression for Longitudinal Event Data. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
3. Archer, R. (1990) "New England mosaic: A demographic analysis for the seventeenth century." William and Mary Quarterly 47: 477-502.
4. Blake, J. B. (1959) Public Health in the Town of Boston, 1630-1822. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
5. Bushman, R. L., and C. Bushman (1988) "The early history of cleanliness in America." Journal of American History 74: 1213-36.
6. Cappon, L. J., ed. (1976) Atlas of Early American History: The Revolutionary Era, 1760-1790. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
7. Cassedy, J. H. (1969) Demography in Early America: Beginnings of the Statistical Mind, 1600-1800. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
8. Caulfieid, E. (1938) "A history of the terrible epidemic, vulgarly called the throat distemper, as it occurred in his majesty's New England colonies between 1735 and 1740." Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 11: 219-72.
9. Davin, E. L. (1993) "The era of the common child: Egalitarian death in antebellum America." Mid-America 75: 134-63.
10. Demos, J. (1965) "Notes on life in Plymouth Colony." William and Mary Quarterly 25: 264-86.
11. Dexter, F. B. (1885-1912) Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College, 1701-1815. 6 vols. New York: H. Holt and Company.
12. Dobson, M. J. (1989) "Mortality gradients and disease exchanges: Comparisons from old England and colonial America." Social History of Medicine 2: 259-97.
13. Duffy, J. (1953) Epidemics in Colonial America. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
14. _(1990) The Sanitarians: A History of American Public Health. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
15. Fleury, M., and L. Henry (1956) Des registres paroissiaux à l'histoire de la population: Manuel de dépouillement et d'exploitation de l'état civil ancien. Paris: Editions d'Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques.
16. Fogel, R. W. (1983) "Secular changes in American and British stature and nutrition." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 14: 445-81.
17. _(1986) "Nutrition and the decline of mortality since 1700," in S. L. Engerman and R. E. Gallman (eds.) Long-Term Factors in American Economic Growth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 439-555.
18. Gallman, J. M. (1980) "Mortality among white males: Colonial North Carolina." Social Science History 4: 295-316.
19. Goldman, N. (1993) "Marriage selection and mortality patterns: Inferences and fallacies." Demography 30: 189-208.
20. Greene, J. P. (1988) Pursuits of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
21. Greven, P. J., Jr. (1967) "Historical demography and colonial America." William and Mary Quarterly 24: 438-54.
22. _(1970) Four Generations: Population, Land, and Family in Colonial Andover, Massachusetts. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
23. Gutman, R. (1958) "Birth and death registration in Massachusetts: The colonial background, 1639-1800." Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 36: 58-74.
24. Gutmann, M. P., and G. Alter (1993) "Family reconstitution as event-history analysis," in D. Reher and R. Schofield (eds.) Old and New Methods in Historical Demography. New York: Oxford University Press: 159-77.
25. Hacker, J. D. (1996) "Adult mortality in early New England: Evidence from the graduates of Yale College, 1701-1805." M.A. thesis, University of Minnesota.
26. Henderson, R. C. (1990) "Demographic patterns and family structure in eighteenth-century Lancaster County, Pennsylvania." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 114: 349-83.
27. Henry, L. (1956) Anciennes familles genevoises, étude démographique: 16e-20e siécles. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
28. Hollingsworth, T. H. (1964) "The demography of the British peerage." Supplement to Population Studies 18, no. 2.
29. _(1969) Historical Demography. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
30. Jaffe, A. J., and W. I. Lourie, Jr. (1942) "An abridged life table for the white population of the United States in 1830." Human Biology 14: 352-71.
31. Johansson, S. R. (1994) "Food for thought: Rhetoric and reality in modern mortality history." Historical Methods 27: 101-25.
32. Jones, A. H. (1980) Wealth of a Nation to Be. New York: Columbia University Press.
33. Kantrow, L. (1989) "Life expectancy of the gentry in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Philadelphia." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 133: 312-27.
34. Kasakoff, A. B., and J. W. Adams (1995) "The effect of migration on ages at vital events: A critique of family reconstitution in historical demography." European Journal of Population 11: 199-242.
35. _(1996) "Event history analysis of the effect of moving on adult survival: A view from New England genealogies." Paper delivered at the annual meeting of the Social Science History Association in New Orleans, 8 October.
36. Kisker, E. E., and N. Goldman (1987) "Perils of single life and benefits of marriage." Social Biology 34: 135-52.
37. Kunitz, S. J. (1984) "Mortality change in America, 1620-1920." Human Biology 56: 559-82.
38. Lee, C. (1997) "Socioeconomic background, disease, and mortality among Union Army recruits: Implications for economic and demographic history." Explorations in Economic History 34: 27-55.
39. Levy, D. S. (1987) "The life expectancies of colonial Maryland legislators." Historical Methods 20: 17-27.
40. _(1996) "Long-run geographic and temporal changes in mortality in the colonial South." Paper delivered at the annual meeting of the Social Science History Association in New Orleans, 8 October.
41. Livi-Bacci, M. (1985) "Selectivity of marriage and mortality: Notes for future research," in N. Keyfitz (ed.) Population and Biology. Liège, Belgium: Ordina Editions: 99-108.
42. Logue, B. J. (1991) "In pursuit of prosperity: Disease and death in a Massachusetts commercial port, 1660-1850." Journal of Social History 25: 309-43.
43. Main, J. T. (1985) Society and Economy in Colonial Connecticut. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
44. McMahon, S. F. (1985) "A comfortable subsistence: The changing composition of diet in rural New England, 1620-1840." William and Mary Quarterly 42: 26-65.
45. Meindl, R. S., and A. C. Swedlund (1977) "Secular trends in mortality in the Connecticut Valley, 1700-1850." Human Biology 49: 389-414.
46. Murray, J. E. (1997) "Standards of the present for people of the past: Height, weight, and mortality among men of Amherst College, 1834-1949." Journal of Economic History 57: 585-606.
47. Norton, S. (1971) "Population growth in colonial America: A study of Ipswich, Massachusetts." Population Studies 25: 433-52.
48. _(1973) "Marital migration in Essex County, Massachusetts, in the colonial and early Federal periods." Journal of Marriage and the Family 35: 406-18.
49. Pope, C. L. (1992) "Adult mortality in America before 1900: A view from family histories," in C. Goldin and H. Rockoff (eds.) Strategic Factors in Nineteenth-Century American Economic History: A Volume to Honor Robert W. Fogel. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 267-96.
50. Razzell, P. (1993) "The growth of population in eighteenth-century England: A critical reappraisal." Journal of Economic History 53: 743-71.
51. Ruggles, S. (1992) "Migration, marriage, and mortality: Correcting sources of bias in English family reconstitutions." Population Studies 46: 507-22.
52. Rutman, D. B., and A. Rutman (1979) "Parental death in a seventeenth-century Virginia county," in T. W. Tate and D. L. Ammerman (eds.) The Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century: Essays on Anglo-American Society. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press: 153-82.
53. _(1980) "'More True and Perfect Lists': The reconstruction of censuses for Middlesex County, Virginia, 1668-1704." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 88: 37-77.
54. Smith, D. B. (1978) "Mortality and family in the colonial Chesapeake." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 13: 735-59.
55. Smith, D. S. (1972) "The demographic history of Colonial New England." Journal of Economic History 32: 165-83.
56. _(1973) "Population, family, and society in Hingham, Massachusetts." Ph.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley.
57. _(1979) "The estimates of early American historical demographers: Two steps forward, one step back, what steps in the future?" Historical Methods 12: 24-38.
58. _(1983a) "Differential mortality in the United States before 1900." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 13: 735-59.
59. _(1983b) "Migration of American colonial militiamen: A comparative note." Social Science History 7: 475-80.
60. Sokoloff, K. L. (1995) "The heights of Americans in three centuries: Some economic and demographic implications," in J. Komlos (ed.) The Biological Standard of Living on Three Continents. Boulder, CO: Westview Press: 133-50.
61. Sokoloff, K. L., and G. C. Villaflor (1982) "The early achievement of modern stature in America." Social Science History 6: 453-81.
62. Steckel, R. H. (1988) "The health and mortality of women and children, 1850-1860." Journal of Economic History 48: 333-45.
63. _(1995) "Stature and the standard of living." Journal of Economic Literature 33: 1903-40.
64. U.S. Census Office (1990 [1802]) Return of the Whole Number of Persons within the Several Districts of the United States, According to "An Act Providing for the Second Census or Enumeration of the Inhabitants of the United States," Passed February Twenty-Eighth, One Thousand Eight Hundred. New York: Norman Ross.
65. _(1990 [1864]) Population of the United States in 1860: Compiled from the Original Returns of the Eighth Census. New York: Norman Ross.
66. Villaflor, G. C., and K. L. Sokoloff (1982) "Migration in colonial America: Evidence from the militia muster rolls." Social Science History 6: 539-70.
67. Vinovskis, M. A. (1972) "Mortality rates and trends in Massachusetts before 1860." Journal of Economic History 32: 184-218.
68. _(1978) "Recent trends in American historical demography: Some methodological and conceptual considerations." Annual Reviews in Sociology 4: 603-27.
69. Walsh, L. S., and R. R. Menard (1974) "Death in the Chesapeake: Two life tables for men in early colonial Maryland." Maryland Historical Magazine 69: 211-27.
70. Wells, Robert V. (1975) The Population of the British Colonies in America before 1776: A Survey of Census Data. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
71. _(1992) "The population of England's colonies in America: Old English or new Americans?" Population Studies 46: 85-102.
72. Williamson, J. G., and P. H. Lindert (1980) American Inequality: A Macroeconomic History. New York: Academic Press.
73. Willigan, J. D., and K. A. Lynch (1982) Sources and Methods of Historical Demography. New York: Academic Press.
74. Wrigley, E. A. (1994) "The effect of migration on the estimation of marriage age in family reconstitution studies." Population Studies 48: 81-97.
75. Woods, R., and N. Williams (1995) "Must the gap widen before it can be narrowed?: Long-term trends in social class mortality differentials." Continuity and Change 10: 105-37.