The Soviet 'wife-activist' down on the farm

Social History

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 282-297

  Buckley, Mary ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; ARTICLE; ECONOMICS; EDUCATION; ETHNOLOGY; FAMILY; FEMALE; HEALTH; HISTORY; IDEOLOGY; LEGAL ASPECT; ORGANIZATION; POLITICAL SYSTEM; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RURAL POPULATION; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL WELFARE; SPOUSE; USSR;

AGRICULTURE; COMMUNISM; FAMILY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; ORGANIZATIONS; POLITICAL SYSTEMS; RURAL HEALTH; RURAL POPULATION; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SOCIAL WELFARE; SPOUSES; USSR; WOMEN; WOMEN, WORKING;

EID: 0345893959     PISSN: 03071022     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03071020110070873     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. Peter Reddaway, 'Policy towards dissent since Khrushchev' in T. H. Rigby, Archie Brown and Peter Reddaway (eds), Authority, Power and Policy in the USSR (London, 1983), 158-92; Jerry Hough and Merle Fainsod, How the Soviet Union is Governed (Boston, 1982).
2. Peter Reddaway, 'Policy towards dissent since Khrushchev' in T. H. Rigby, Archie Brown and Peter Reddaway (eds), Authority, Power and Policy in the USSR (London, 1983), 158-92; Jerry Hough and Merle Fainsod, How the Soviet Union is Governed (Boston, 1982).
3. Stephen White, Russia's New Politics (Cambridge, 2000), 195.
4. Geoffrey Hosking, The Awakening of the Soviet Union (London, 1991); Richard Sakwa, Gorbachev and his Reforms, 1985-1990 (London, 1990).
5. Geoffrey Hosking, The Awakening of the Soviet Union (London, 1991); Richard Sakwa, Gorbachev and his Reforms, 1985-1990 (London, 1990).
6. Neal Ascherson, '1989 in eastern Europe' in John Dunn (ed.), Democracy the Unfinished Journey, 508 BC to AD 1993 (Oxford, 1992), 221-37. Mary Buckley, Redefining Russian Society and Polity (Boulder, 1993).
7. Neal Ascherson, '1989 in eastern Europe' in John Dunn (ed.), Democracy the Unfinished Journey, 508 BC to AD 1993 (Oxford, 1992), 221-37. Mary Buckley, Redefining Russian Society and Polity (Boulder, 1993).
8. Theodore F. Friedgut, Political Participation in the USSR (Princeton, 1967).
9. Wendy Z. Goldman, Women, the State and Revolution: Soviet Family Policy and Social Life, 1917-1936 (New York, 1993), 111-18; Mary Buckley, Women and Ideology in the Soviet Union (Hemel Hempstead, 1989), 60-107.
10. Wendy Z. Goldman, Women, the State and Revolution: Soviet Family Policy and Social Life, 1917-1936 (New York, 1993), 111-18; Mary Buckley, Women and Ideology in the Soviet Union (Hemel Hempstead, 1989), 60-107.
11. For a fuller description of organization and activities see Mary Buckley, 'The untold story of obshchestvennitsa in the 1930s', Europe-Asian Studies, XLVIII, 4 (1996), 569-86.
12. Carol Eubanks Hayden, 'The Zhenotdel and the Bolshevik Party', Russian History, III (1976), 150-73; Richard Stites, The Women's Liberation Movement in Russia (Princeton, 1978).
13. Carol Eubanks Hayden, 'The Zhenotdel and the Bolshevik Party', Russian History, III (1976), 150-73; Richard Stites, The Women's Liberation Movement in Russia (Princeton, 1978).
14. Mary Buckley, 'Adaptation of the Soviet Women's Committee: deputies' voices from "Women of Russia"' in Buckley (ed.), Post-Soviet Women: From the Baltic to Central Asia (Cambridge, 1996), 157-61.
15. Buckley, 'The untold story', op. cit.
16. See 'O rabote sredi zhen inzhenerno-tekhnicheskikh rabotnikov': postanovlenie prezidiuma VMBIT VTsSPS ot 3 fevralia 1936g and also 'Postanovlenie prezidiuma ZapsibkraiMBITa',: Obshchestvennitsy: opyt inzhenerno-tekhnicheskikh rabotnikov Zapadnoi Sibiri (Novosibirsk, 1936), 62-8.
17. See 'O rabote sredi zhen inzhenerno-tekhnicheskikh rabotnikov': postanovlenie prezidiuma VMBIT VTsSPS ot 3 fevralia 1936g and also 'Postanovlenie prezidiuma ZapsibkraiMBITa',: Obshchestvennitsy: opyt inzhenerno-tekhnicheskikh rabotnikov Zapadnoi Sibiri (Novosibirsk, 1936), 62-8.
18. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv politicheskoi istorii (RGASPI), f.85, op. 29, d. 151, l. 4.
19. Stites, op. cit.
20. Irina V. Kashkina, Dvizhenie zhen-obshchestvennits, 1934-1942 gody (candidate degree dissertation abstract, Moscow State University, 1988).
21. Mikhail Gorbachev, 'On progress in implementing the decisions of the 27th CPSU Congress and the tasks of promoting perestroika', 19th All-Union Conference of the CPSU: Documents and Materials (Moscow, 1988), 5-93.
22. Lewis Siegelbaum, Stakhanovism and the Politics of Productivity in the USSR, 1935-1941 (Cambridge, 1988), 241-2.
23. Francesco Benvenuti, Fuoco sui sabotatori! Stachanovismo e organizazzione industriale in URSS 1934-1938 (Rome, 1988), 135-8; Benvenuti, 'Stakhanovism Stalinism, 1934-8', Soviet Industrialisation Project Series, no. 30, CREES discussion paper, 20-1.
24. Francesco Benvenuti, Fuoco sui sabotatori! Stachanovismo e organizazzione industriale in URSS 1934-1938 (Rome, 1988), 135-8; Benvenuti, 'Stakhanovism Stalinism, 1934-8', Soviet Industrialisation Project Series, no. 30, CREES discussion paper, 20-1.
25. Robert Maier, 'Sovety zhen as a surrogate trade union: comments on the history of the movement of activist women in the 1930s' in Kevin McDermott and John Morison (eds), Politics and Society under the Bolsheviks (London, 1999), 190.
26. ibid., 193-6.
27. Buckley, 'The untold story', op. cit. She also argued that obshestvennitsa's roles created problems for Marxist-Leninist ideology on gender, which did not convincingly incorporate her into theoretical reflections on equality of the sexes. See Mary Buckley, Women and Ideology in the Soviet Union, op. cit., 115-24.
28. Buckley, 'The untold story', op. cit. She also argued that obshestvennitsa's roles created problems for Marxist-Leninist ideology on gender, which did not convincingly incorporate her into theoretical reflections on equality of the sexes. See Mary Buckley, Women and Ideology in the Soviet Union, op. cit., 115-24.
29. Sheila Fitzpatrick, Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times. Soviet Russia in the 1930s (New York, 1999), 156-63.
30. Rebecca Balmas Neary, 'Mothering socialist society: the wife-activists' movement and the Soviet culture of daily life, 1934-41', The Russian Review, LVIII, 3 (July 1999), 397.
31. ibid., 400.
32. See, for instance, V. Stroganova, 'Rabota nalazhivaetsia', on the history of the movement on a pig state farm, in Obshchestvennitsa, 2 (February 1938), 32-6; N. Kuz'min, 'Sodruzhestvo', Obshchestvennitsa, 7 (July 1939), 7-9. M. Vsevolodov, 'Zhenshchiny kolkhoznoi derevni', Obshchestvennitsa, 11 (November 1940), 8-9.
33. See, for instance, V. Stroganova, 'Rabota nalazhivaetsia', on the history of the movement on a pig state farm, in Obshchestvennitsa, 2 (February 1938), 32-6; N. Kuz'min, 'Sodruzhestvo', Obshchestvennitsa, 7 (July 1939), 7-9. M. Vsevolodov, 'Zhenshchiny kolkhoznoi derevni', Obshchestvennitsa, 11 (November 1940), 8-9.
34. See, for instance, V. Stroganova, 'Rabota nalazhivaetsia', on the history of the movement on a pig state farm, in Obshchestvennitsa, 2 (February 1938), 32-6; N. Kuz'min, 'Sodruzhestvo', Obshchestvennitsa, 7 (July 1939), 7-9. M. Vsevolodov, 'Zhenshchiny kolkhoznoi derevni', Obshchestvennitsa, 11 (November 1940), 8-9.
35. Zheny spetsialistov i stakhanovtsev MTS, MTM i remzavodov o svoei rabote (Moscow, 1936).
36. Stenogramma: Pervoe oblastnoe soveshchanie zhen komandirov i spetsialistov svinovodcheskikh sokhovov Leningradskoi oblasti 29go Okt'iabria 1936 goda, GARF, 7689, op. 7, d. 103; TsK svinovodcheskikh sovkhozov: stenogramma soveshchaniia zhen inzhenernotekhnicheskikh rabotnikov at 14 ianvaria 1939, GARF, f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146; and TsK svinovodcheskikh sovkhozov: stenogramma soveshchaniia zhen inzhenernotekhnicheskikh rabotnikov at 16 Ianvariia 1939, ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 147.
37. Stenogramma: Pervoe oblastnoe soveshchanie zhen komandirov i spetsialistov svinovodcheskikh sokhovov Leningradskoi oblasti 29go Okt'iabria 1936 goda, GARF, 7689, op. 7, d. 103; TsK svinovodcheskikh sovkhozov: stenogramma soveshchaniia zhen inzhenernotekhnicheskikh rabotnikov at 14 ianvaria 1939, GARF, f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146; and TsK svinovodcheskikh sovkhozov: stenogramma soveshchaniia zhen inzhenernotekhnicheskikh rabotnikov at 16 Ianvariia 1939, ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 147.
38. Stenogramma: Pervoe oblastnoe soveshchanie zhen komandirov i spetsialistov svinovodcheskikh sokhovov Leningradskoi oblasti 29go Okt'iabria 1936 goda, GARF, 7689, op. 7, d. 103; TsK svinovodcheskikh sovkhozov: stenogramma soveshchaniia zhen inzhenernotekhnicheskikh rabotnikov at 14 ianvaria 1939, GARF, f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146; and TsK svinovodcheskikh sovkhozov: stenogramma soveshchaniia zhen inzhenernotekhnicheskikh rabotnikov at 16 Ianvariia 1939, ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 147.
39. See Protokoly kraevogo soveshchaniia i obshchikh sobranii zhen inzhenerno-tekhnicheskikh rabotnikov soiuza nyshnykh i ptitsevodcheskikh soiuzov, ibid., f. 7689, op. 10, d. 125 and d. 126. These are dated 1936.
40. Mary Buckley, 'Was rural Stakhanovism a movement?', Europe-Asia Studies, LI, 2 (1999), 299-314.
41. See Soveshchanie zhen khoziaistvennikov i inzhenerno-tekhnicheskikh rabotnikov tiazheloi promyshlennosti: stenograficheskii otchet, 10-12 maia 1936 goda (Moscow, Partizdat TsK VKP(b), 1936); and Vsesoiuznoe Soveshchanie zhen komandnogo i nachal'stvuyushego sostava RKKA: stenograficheskii otchet, 20-23 Dekabria 1936 (Moscow, 1937). Famous role models for the dvizhenie zhen were Klavdiia Surotseva for planting flower beds and initiatives of women like Evgeniia Vesnik and Mariia Manaenkova in the Conference of Wives of Leaders in Metallurgy of the South. For details see Obshchestvennitsa, 9-10 (December 1936), 12.
42. See Soveshchanie zhen khoziaistvennikov i inzhenerno-tekhnicheskikh rabotnikov tiazheloi promyshlennosti: stenograficheskii otchet, 10-12 maia 1936 goda (Moscow, Partizdat TsK VKP(b), 1936); and Vsesoiuznoe Soveshchanie zhen komandnogo i nachal'stvuyushego sostava RKKA: stenograficheskii otchet, 20-23 Dekabria 1936 (Moscow, 1937). Famous role models for the dvizhenie zhen were Klavdiia Surotseva for planting flower beds and initiatives of women like Evgeniia Vesnik and Mariia Manaenkova in the Conference of Wives of Leaders in Metallurgy of the South. For details see Obshchestvennitsa, 9-10 (December 1936), 12.
43. See Soveshchanie zhen khoziaistvennikov i inzhenerno-tekhnicheskikh rabotnikov tiazheloi promyshlennosti: stenograficheskii otchet, 10-12 maia 1936 goda (Moscow, Partizdat TsK VKP(b), 1936); and Vsesoiuznoe Soveshchanie zhen komandnogo i nachal'stvuyushego sostava RKKA: stenograficheskii otchet, 20-23 Dekabria 1936 (Moscow, 1937). Famous role models for the dvizhenie zhen were Klavdiia Surotseva for planting flower beds and initiatives of women like Evgeniia Vesnik and Mariia Manaenkova in the Conference of Wives of Leaders in Metallurgy of the South. For details see Obshchestvennitsa, 9-10 (December 1936), 12.
44. Maier, 'Sovety zhen as a surrogate trade union', op. cit., 197.
45. GARF, f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, ll. 12-13.
46. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, ll. 30-300b.
47. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 147, l. 2; ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 12; ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 590b.
48. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 147, l. 2; ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 12; ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 590b.
49. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 147, l. 2; ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 12; ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 590b.
50. ibid., f. 7689, op. 10, d. 127, l. 7.
51. See 'O rabote sredi zhen inzhenernotekhnicheskikh rabotnikov', op. cit., 63.
52. GARF, f. 7689, op. 7, d. 147, l. 4.
53. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 147, l. 50b.
54. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 5.
55. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 6.
56. ibid.
57. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 60b.
58. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 7.
59. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 7.
60. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146. l. 86.
61. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 120b.
62. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 20.
63. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 1510b.
64. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 14.
65. ibid.
66. ibid.
67. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 13.
68. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 8.
69. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 10.
70. ibid.
71. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 590b.
72. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 26.
73. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 35.
74. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 43.
75. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 430b.
76. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 12.
77. ibid.
78. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 8.
79. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 40.
80. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 180b.
81. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 160b.
82. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 860b.
83. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 1550b and l. 1660b.
84. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 48.
85. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 30.
86. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 88.
87. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 1100b and 1500b.
88. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 13.
89. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 17.
90. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 310b.
91. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 59.
92. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 870b.
93. Obshchestvennitsa, 4 (February 1937), 21-3; Obshchestvennitsa, 2 (February 1939), 17.
94. Obshchestvennitsa, 4 (February 1937), 21-3; Obshchestvennitsa, 2 (February 1939), 17.
95. GARF, f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 30.
96. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 8; f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 14.
97. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 7.
98. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 1540b.
99. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, ll. 1500b-151.
100. ibid., l. 151.
101. Buckley, 'The untold story of obschestvennitsa in the 1930s', op. cit., 577-8.
102. GARF, f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 70b.
103. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 13.
104. ibid.
105. ibid.
106. ibid.
107. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 147, l. 100b.
108. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 46-460b.
109. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 147, l. 6.
110. ibid.
111. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 147, l. 2.
112. ibid., f. 7689, op. 10, d. 127, l. 12.
113. ibid.
114. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 7.
115. ibid.
116. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 11.
117. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 23.
118. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 147, l. 12.
119. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 146, l. 630b.
120. ibid., f. 7689, op. 7, d. 103, l. 4.