The Creation of an Ethnic Culture Complex Region: Pennsylvania Germans in Central Ohio, 1790-1850

Historical Geography

Volumn 29, Issue , 2001, Pages 135-157

  Anderson, Timothy G ^a  

^a OHIO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0345861053     PISSN: 10916458     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Karl B. Raitz, "Ethnic Maps of North America," The Geographical Review 68:3 (1978): 335-350. Although now somewhat dated, Raitz's article provides a rather comprehensive overview of the most significant contributions of geographers in this field.
2. Michael P. Conzen, "Culture Regions, Homelands, and Ethnic Archipelagos in the United States: Methodological Considerations," Journal of Cultural Geography 13:2 (1993): 13-29. This entire issue is devoted to papers on this topic.
3. Richard L. Nostrand and Lawrence E. Estaville, eds., Homelands: Regional Geographies and American Culture (Harrisonburg, Va.: The Center for American Places, forthcoming). Transcripts of the AAG sessions devoted to discussion of the homeland concept can be found in Richard L. Nostrand, "AAG Session Report: The Homeland Concept," American Ethnic Geography Specialty Group Newsletter 5:2 (1997): 12-14; Douglas A. Hurt, "AAG Session Report: The Homeland Concept Revisited (Part I)," American Ethnic Geography Specialty Group Newsletter 6:2 (1998): 11-13; Douglas A, Hurt, "AAG Session Report: The Homeland Concept Revisited (Part 2)," American Ethnic Geography Specialty Group Newsletter 7:1 (1999): 4-6.
4. Richard L. Nostrand and Lawrence E. Estaville, eds., Homelands: Regional Geographies and American Culture (Harrisonburg, Va.: The Center for American Places, forthcoming). Transcripts of the AAG sessions devoted to discussion of the homeland concept can be found in Richard L. Nostrand, "AAG Session Report: The Homeland Concept," American Ethnic Geography Specialty Group Newsletter 5:2 (1997): 12-14; Douglas A. Hurt, "AAG Session Report: The Homeland Concept Revisited (Part I)," American Ethnic Geography Specialty Group Newsletter 6:2 (1998): 11-13; Douglas A, Hurt, "AAG Session Report: The Homeland Concept Revisited (Part 2)," American Ethnic Geography Specialty Group Newsletter 7:1 (1999): 4-6.
5. Richard L. Nostrand and Lawrence E. Estaville, eds., Homelands: Regional Geographies and American Culture (Harrisonburg, Va.: The Center for American Places, forthcoming). Transcripts of the AAG sessions devoted to discussion of the homeland concept can be found in Richard L. Nostrand, "AAG Session Report: The Homeland Concept," American Ethnic Geography Specialty Group Newsletter 5:2 (1997): 12-14; Douglas A. Hurt, "AAG Session Report: The Homeland Concept Revisited (Part I)," American Ethnic Geography Specialty Group Newsletter 6:2 (1998): 11-13; Douglas A, Hurt, "AAG Session Report: The Homeland Concept Revisited (Part 2)," American Ethnic Geography Specialty Group Newsletter 7:1 (1999): 4-6.
6. Richard L. Nostrand and Lawrence E. Estaville, eds., Homelands: Regional Geographies and American Culture (Harrisonburg, Va.: The Center for American Places, forthcoming). Transcripts of the AAG sessions devoted to discussion of the homeland concept can be found in Richard L. Nostrand, "AAG Session Report: The Homeland Concept," American Ethnic Geography Specialty Group Newsletter 5:2 (1997): 12-14; Douglas A. Hurt, "AAG Session Report: The Homeland Concept Revisited (Part I)," American Ethnic Geography Specialty Group Newsletter 6:2 (1998): 11-13; Douglas A, Hurt, "AAG Session Report: The Homeland Concept Revisited (Part 2)," American Ethnic Geography Specialty Group Newsletter 7:1 (1999): 4-6.
7. Wilbur Zelinsky, The Cultural Geography of the United States, rev. ed. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1992): 118-119.
8. Richard L. Nostrand, The Hispano Homeland (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992); Richard L. Nostrand, "The New Mexico-Centered Hispano Homeland," Journal of Cultural Geography 13:2 (1993): 47-59.
9. Richard L. Nostrand, The Hispano Homeland (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992); Richard L. Nostrand, "The New Mexico-Centered Hispano Homeland," Journal of Cultural Geography 13:2 (1993): 47-59.
10. Conzen, "Culture Regions, Homelands, and Ethnic Archipelagos," 20.
11. D.W. Meinig, The Shaping of America, Vol. 2, Continental America, 1800-1867 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993): 348-357, 385-418.
12. C.E. Sherman, Original Ohio Land Subdivisions (Columbus: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, 1925): 89-90. Thomas Acquinas Burke, Ohio Lands: A Short History (Columbus: Ohio Auditor of State, 1993): 23. Geoffrey L. Buckley, Timothy G. Anderson, and Nancy R. Bain, "Living on the Fringe: A Geographic Profile of Appalachian Ohio," Pittsburgh and the Alleghenies: Precambrian to the Present (Washington, D.C.: Association of American Geographers, 2000): 141.
13. C.E. Sherman, Original Ohio Land Subdivisions (Columbus: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, 1925): 89-90. Thomas Acquinas Burke, Ohio Lands: A Short History (Columbus: Ohio Auditor of State, 1993): 23. Geoffrey L. Buckley, Timothy G. Anderson, and Nancy R. Bain, "Living on the Fringe: A Geographic Profile of Appalachian Ohio," Pittsburgh and the Alleghenies: Precambrian to the Present (Washington, D.C.: Association of American Geographers, 2000): 141.
14. C.E. Sherman, Original Ohio Land Subdivisions (Columbus: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, 1925): 89-90. Thomas Acquinas Burke, Ohio Lands: A Short History (Columbus: Ohio Auditor of State, 1993): 23. Geoffrey L. Buckley, Timothy G. Anderson, and Nancy R. Bain, "Living on the Fringe: A Geographic Profile of Appalachian Ohio," Pittsburgh and the Alleghenies: Precambrian to the Present (Washington, D.C.: Association of American Geographers, 2000): 141.
15. Hubert G.H. Wilhelm, The Origin and Distribution of Settlement Groups: Ohio, 1850 (Athens, Ohio: Cutler Printing, 1982): 23-25.
16. Aaron Spencer Fogelman, Hopeful Journeys: German Immigration, Settlement, and Political Culture in Colonial America, 1717-1775 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996): 2, 4-6, 8, 51, 55-56.
17. William T. Parsons, The Pennsylvania Dutch: A Persistent Minority (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1976): 19.
18. Oscar Kuhns, The German and Swiss Settlements of Colonial Pennsylvania (New York: Abingdon Press, 1900): 118, 120-121.
19. J. Gordon Melton, The Encyclopedia of American Religions, 3rd ed. (Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1989): 27-33; Parsons, The Pennsylvania Dutch, 19; Ralph Wood, "Lutheran and Reformed, Pennsylvania German Style," in Ralph Wood, ed., The Pennsylvania Germans (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1942): 87-102.
20. J. Gordon Melton, The Encyclopedia of American Religions, 3rd ed. (Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1989): 27-33; Parsons, The Pennsylvania Dutch, 19; Ralph Wood, "Lutheran and Reformed, Pennsylvania German Style," in Ralph Wood, ed., The Pennsylvania Germans (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1942): 87-102.
21. J. Gordon Melton, The Encyclopedia of American Religions, 3rd ed. (Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1989): 27-33; Parsons, The Pennsylvania Dutch, 19; Ralph Wood, "Lutheran and Reformed, Pennsylvania German Style," in Ralph Wood, ed., The Pennsylvania Germans (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1942): 87-102.
22. Fredric Klees, The Pennsylvania Dutch (New York: Macmillan Co., 1950): 75, 78, 86-89; Melton, The Encyclopedia of American Religions, 27-33.
23. Fredric Klees, The Pennsylvania Dutch (New York: Macmillan Co., 1950): 75, 78, 86-89; Melton, The Encyclopedia of American Religions, 27-33.
24. James T. Lemon, The Best Poor Man's Country: A Geographical Study of Early Southeastern Pennsylvania (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972): 150-180.
25. Robert F. Ensminger, The Pennsylvania Barn: Its Origin, Evolution, and Distribution in North America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992): 50-106; John Fraser Hart, The Rural Landscape (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998): 213, 215. Also see John C. Hudson, Making the Com Belt: A Geographical History of Middle and Western Agriculture(Bloomington, Ind.: University of Indiana Press, 1994).
26. Robert F. Ensminger, The Pennsylvania Barn: Its Origin, Evolution, and Distribution in North America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992): 50-106; John Fraser Hart, The Rural Landscape (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998): 213, 215. Also see John C. Hudson, Making the Com Belt: A Geographical History of Middle and Western Agriculture(Bloomington, Ind.: University of Indiana Press, 1994).
27. Robert F. Ensminger, The Pennsylvania Barn: Its Origin, Evolution, and Distribution in North America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992): 50-106; John Fraser Hart, The Rural Landscape (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998): 213, 215. Also see John C. Hudson, Making the Com Belt: A Geographical History of Middle and Western Agriculture(Bloomington, Ind.: University of Indiana Press, 1994).
28. For a much more detailed discussion on folk housing in the Middle Atlantic hearth see: Henry Glassie, Pattern in the Material Folk Culture of the Eastern United States (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1968): 54-55; Allen G. Noble, Wood, Brick, and Stone: The North American Settlement Landscape, Vol. 1 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984): 40-48.
29. For a much more detailed discussion on folk housing in the Middle Atlantic hearth see: Henry Glassie, Pattern in the Material Folk Culture of the Eastern United States (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1968): 54-55; Allen G. Noble, Wood, Brick, and Stone: The North American Settlement Landscape, Vol. 1 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984): 40-48.
30. Russell Wieder Gilbert, A Picture of the Pennsylvania Germans (Gettysburg: The Pennsylvania Historical Association, 1958): 35-43.
31. Lemon, The Best Poor Man's Country, 77, 84, 86-88, 93.
32. Mary Sue Leist-Parsons, Leist and Allied Families, 1690-1990 (Manuscript Copy, 1992): 4, 9-10, 25, 83, 113-115, 233, 299, 339, 351, 363, 369;
33. Joseph Edison Pontius, The Ancestors and Descendants of Jacob Franklin Pontius, 1873-1953 (Manuscript Copy, 1972): 1-56; Personal Interview With Gertrude Noecker (Henry Reber's great granddaughter), Lancaster, Ohio, 22 September 1999; Information on the Dreisbach Family Genealogy can be found at http://www.gentree.com/databases/Dreisbach/ Dreisbach1.html/.
34. Robert D. Mitchell, Commercialism and Frontier: Perspectives on the Early Shenandoah Valley (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1977): 52-55.
35. William K. Crowley, "Old Order Amish Settlement: Diffusion and Growth," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 68:2 (1978): 249-264.
36. Wilhelm, The Origin and Distribution of Population Groups, 23-25.
37. Hubert G.H. Wilhelm, "Midwestern Barns and Their Germanic Connections," in Allen G. Noble and Hubert G.H. Wilhelm, eds. Barns of the Midwest (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1995): 62-79.
38. L.H. Everts, Combination Atlas Map of Fairfield County, Ohio (Philadelphia: Gale Research Company, 1875); Hervey Scott, A Complete History of Fairfield County, Ohio, 1795-1876 (Columbus: Siebert and Lilley, 1877). For a discussion on the uses and drawbacks of such sources, see Gregory Rose, "Information Sources for Nineteenth Century Midwestern Migration," The Professional Geographer 37:1 (1985): 66-72 and John C. Hudson, "North American Origins of Middlewestern Frontier Populations," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 78:3 (1988): 395-413.
39. L.H. Everts, Combination Atlas Map of Fairfield County, Ohio (Philadelphia: Gale Research Company, 1875); Hervey Scott, A Complete History of Fairfield County, Ohio, 1795-1876 (Columbus: Siebert and Lilley, 1877). For a discussion on the uses and drawbacks of such sources, see Gregory Rose, "Information Sources for Nineteenth Century Midwestern Migration," The Professional Geographer 37:1 (1985): 66-72 and John C. Hudson, "North American Origins of Middlewestern Frontier Populations," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 78:3 (1988): 395-413.
40. L.H. Everts, Combination Atlas Map of Fairfield County, Ohio (Philadelphia: Gale Research Company, 1875); Hervey Scott, A Complete History of Fairfield County, Ohio, 1795-1876 (Columbus: Siebert and Lilley, 1877). For a discussion on the uses and drawbacks of such sources, see Gregory Rose, "Information Sources for Nineteenth Century Midwestern Migration," The Professional Geographer 37:1 (1985): 66-72 and John C. Hudson, "North American Origins of Middlewestern Frontier Populations," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 78:3 (1988): 395-413.
41. L.H. Everts, Combination Atlas Map of Fairfield County, Ohio (Philadelphia: Gale Research Company, 1875); Hervey Scott, A Complete History of Fairfield County, Ohio, 1795-1876 (Columbus: Siebert and Lilley, 1877). For a discussion on the uses and drawbacks of such sources, see Gregory Rose, "Information Sources for Nineteenth Century Midwestern Migration," The Professional Geographer 37:1 (1985): 66-72 and John C. Hudson, "North American Origins of Middlewestern Frontier Populations," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 78:3 (1988): 395-413.
42. William Cronon, Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1991): 99. See Hudson, Making the Corn Belt.
43. William Cronon, Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1991): 99. See Hudson, Making the Corn Belt.
44. H. Roger Grant, Ohio on the Move: Transportation in the Buckeye State (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2000): 57-61.
45. Ensminger, Pennsylvania Barn. 29. For a detailed discussion of construction materials employed on Pennsylvania barns, see Allen G. Noble, Wood, Brick, and Stone, Vol. 2 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984): 22-35.
46. Ensminger, Pennsylvania Barn. 29. For a detailed discussion of construction materials employed on Pennsylvania barns, see Allen G. Noble, Wood, Brick, and Stone, Vol. 2 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984): 22-35.
47. Hubert G.H. Wilhelm, "Double Overhang Barns in Southeastern Ohio," PAST - Pioneer America Society Transactions 12 (1989): 29-36.
48. Noble, Wood, Brick, and Stone, Vol. 1:52-55.
49. Gabrielle M. Lanier and Bernard L. Herman, Everyday Architecture of the Mid-Atlantic: Looking at Buildings and Landscapes (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997): 130-131.
50. Scott, A Complete History of Fairfield County, 122-144.
51. Timothy G. Anderson, "Czech-Catholic Cemeteries in East-Central Texas: Material Culture and Ethnicity in Seven Rural Communities," Material Culture 25:3 (1993): 1-18.