Global Concern for Children's Rights: The World Congress Against Sexual Exploitation

International Family Planning Perspectives

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 79-84

  Mahler, Karen ^a  

^a Intl Family Planning Perspectives ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0345811065     PISSN: 01622749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2950828     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. W. Branigin, "Children for Sale in Thailand," Washington Post, Dec. 28, 1993, p. A1; M. Simons, "The Sex Market: Scourge on the World's Children," New York Times, Apr. 9, 1993, p. A3; _, "East Europeans Duped into West's Sex Trade," New York Times, June 9, 1994, p. A1; and _, "The Littlest Prostitutes," New York Times Magazine, Jan. 16, 1994, p. 31.
2. W. Branigin, "Children for Sale in Thailand," Washington Post, Dec. 28, 1993, p. A1; M. Simons, "The Sex Market: Scourge on the World's Children," New York Times, Apr. 9, 1993, p. A3; _, "East Europeans Duped into West's Sex Trade," New York Times, June 9, 1994, p. A1; and _, "The Littlest Prostitutes," New York Times Magazine, Jan. 16, 1994, p. 31.
3. W. Branigin, "Children for Sale in Thailand," Washington Post, Dec. 28, 1993, p. A1; M. Simons, "The Sex Market: Scourge on the World's Children," New York Times, Apr. 9, 1993, p. A3; _, "East Europeans Duped into West's Sex Trade," New York Times, June 9, 1994, p. A1; and _, "The Littlest Prostitutes," New York Times Magazine, Jan. 16, 1994, p. 31.
4. W. Branigin, "Children for Sale in Thailand," Washington Post, Dec. 28, 1993, p. A1; M. Simons, "The Sex Market: Scourge on the World's Children," New York Times, Apr. 9, 1993, p. A3; _, "East Europeans Duped into West's Sex Trade," New York Times, June 9, 1994, p. A1; and _, "The Littlest Prostitutes," New York Times Magazine, Jan. 16, 1994, p. 31.
5. V. Mutarbhorn, "Final Congress Report," World Congress Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug. 27-31, 1996, 〈http://www.childhub.ch/webpup/csehome〉, accessed Sept. 24, 1996.
6. Declaration and Agenda for Action, ibid.
7. J. Ennew et al., Children and Prostitution: How Can We Measure and Monitor the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children? Centre for Family Research, Cambridge, U. K., and Childwatch International, Oslo, Norway, 1996.
8. Ibid.
9. J. Fernan-Laurent, cited in J. Ennew, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 4).
10. M. O'Briain, "The International Legal Framework and Current Legislative and Enforcement Responses," working document submitted for the World Congress Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug. 27-31, 1996, 〈http://www.childhub.ch/ webpup/csehome〉, accessed Sept. 24, 1996.
11. United Nations (UN), The Convention on the Rights of the Child, New York, 1989.
12. M. O'Briain, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 7).
13. M. Simons, "East Europeans...," 1994, op. cit. (see reference 1).
14. B. Crossette, "U. N. is Urged to Combat Sex Abuse of Children," New York Times, Sept. 25, 1996, p. A7.
15. "U. N. Focuses on Peacekeepers Involved in Child Prostitution," New York Times, Dec. 9, 1996.
16. The Alan Guttmacher Institute, Hopes and Realities: Closing the Gap Between Women's Aspirations and Their Reproductive Experiences, New York, 1995.
17. Save the Children, Kids for Hire, London, 1996; and P. O'Dea, Gender Exploitation and Violence: The Market in Women, Girls and Sex in Nepal; An Overview of the Situation and a Review of the Literature, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Nepal, 1993.
18. Save the Children, Kids for Hire, London, 1996; and P. O'Dea, Gender Exploitation and Violence: The Market in Women, Girls and Sex in Nepal; An Overview of the Situation and a Review of the Literature, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Nepal, 1993.
19. J. Knodel and A. Pramualratan, "Prospects for Increased Condom Use Within Marriage In Thailand," International Family Planning Perspectives, 22:97-102, 1996.
20. T. Brown and P. Xenos, "AIDS in Asia: The Gathering Storm," Asia Pacific Issues, No. 16, Aug. 1994.
21. W. Boonchalaksi and P. Guest, Prostitution in Thailand, The Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand, 1994.
22. K. Archavanitkul and P. Guest, "Migration and the Commercial Sex Sector in Thailand," Health Transition Review, Vol. 4, Supplement, 1994, pp. 273-295.
23. Anti-Slavery International, "Early Marriage," paper presented at the United Nations World Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, Sept. 5-13, 1994.
24. S. Singh and R. Samara, "Early Marriage Among Women in Developing Countries," International Family Planning Perspectives, 22:148-157 & 175, 1996.
25. S. N. Mitra et al., Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 1993-1994, National Institute of Population and Training and Mitra and Associates, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Macro Inc., International, Calverton, Md., USA, 1994.
26. M. E. Duncan et al., "A Socioeconomic, Clinical and Serological Study in an African City of Prostitutes and Women Still Married to Their First Husband," Social Science and Medicine, 38:323-333, 1994.
27. Human Rights Watch, Rape for Profit: Trafficking of Nepali Girls and Women to India's Brothels, New York, 1995; and _, A Modern Form of Slavery: Trafficking of Burmese Women and Girls into Brothels in Thailand, New York, 1993.
28. Human Rights Watch, Rape for Profit: Trafficking of Nepali Girls and Women to India's Brothels, New York, 1995; and _, A Modern Form of Slavery: Trafficking of Burmese Women and Girls into Brothels in Thailand, New York, 1993.
29. T. Caoutte, Human Rights Watch, personal communication, Oct. 31., 1996.
30. Ibid; and J. Guthrie, Human Rights Watch, personal communication, Oct. 17, 1996.
31. T. Caoutte, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 24).
32. T. Truong, "Foreign Exchange, Prostitution and Tourism in Thailand," in Sex, Money and Morality: Prostitution and Tourism in Southeast Asia, Zed Books, London, 1991, pp.159-163.
33. K. Archavanitkul and P. Guest, 1994, op. cit. (see reference 18); and C. Podhista et al., "Socio-Cultural Context of Commercial Sex Workers in Thailand: An Analysis of Their Family, Employer and Client Relations," Health Transition Review, Vol. 4, supplement, 1994, pp. 297-320.
34. K. Archavanitkul and P. Guest, 1994, op. cit. (see reference 18); and C. Podhista et al., "Socio-Cultural Context of Commercial Sex Workers in Thailand: An Analysis of Their Family, Employer and Client Relations," Health Transition Review, Vol. 4, supplement, 1994, pp. 297-320.
35. K. Archavanitkul and P. Guest, 1994, op. cit. (see reference 18).
36. C. Podhista et al., 1994, op. cit. (see reference 28).
37. W. Lee, "Prostitution and Tourism in Southeast Asia," in N. Redclift and M. T. Sindair, eds., Working Women: International Perspectives on Labour and Gender Ideology, Routledge, London, 1991.
38. UNICEF, "UNICEF Report Demands End to Most Intolerable Forms of Child Labour, Such as Prostitution, Bonded Labour," press release, New York, Dec. 9, 1996; and International Labour Organization (ILO), "ILO Calls for Immediate Action Against Intolerable Forms of Child Labour," press release, Geneva, Nov. 12, 1996.
39. Bureau of International Labor Affairs, By the Sweat and Toil of Children, Volume II: The Use of Child Labor in U.S. Agricultural Imports and Forced and Bonded Labor, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C., 1995.
40. ILO, 264th Session November 1995 Governing Body Document on Child Labour, Committee on Employment and Social Policy (GB.264/ESP/1), 〈http://www.ilo.org〉, accessed Dec. 10, 1996; and Bureau of International Labor Affairs, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 33).
41. ILO, 264th Session November 1995 Governing Body Document on Child Labour, Committee on Employment and Social Policy (GB.264/ESP/1), 〈http://www.ilo.org〉, accessed Dec. 10, 1996; and Bureau of International Labor Affairs, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 33).
42. M. Black, In the Twilight Zone: Child Workers in the Hotel, Tourism and Catering Industry, ILO, Geneva, 1995.
43. Ibid.
44. B. N. Shukla and B. Shukla, "Child Labour in the Informal Sector," in B. P. Singh and S. Mahanty, eds., Children at Work: Problems and Policy Options, B. R. Publishing Corp., Delhi, India, 1993; and G. Barker and F. Knaul, Exploited Entrepreneurs: Street and Working Children in Developing Countries, Childhope-USA, New York, 1991.
45. B. N. Shukla and B. Shukla, "Child Labour in the Informal Sector," in B. P. Singh and S. Mahanty, eds., Children at Work: Problems and Policy Options, B. R. Publishing Corp., Delhi, India, 1993; and G. Barker and F. Knaul, Exploited Entrepreneurs: Street and Working Children in Developing Countries, Childhope-USA, New York, 1991.
46. UNICEF, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 32);
47. and ILO, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 32).
48. G. Barker and F. Knaul, 1991, op. cit. (see reference 37); J. Boyden, "Childhood and the Policy Makers: A Comparative Perspective on the Globalization of Childhood," in A. James and A. Prout, eds., Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood, Falmer Press, New York and London, 1990; and M. Lyons, Francois-Xavier Bagnoud Association, personal communication, Oct. 21, 1996.
49. G. Barker and F. Knaul, 1991, op. cit. (see reference 37); J. Boyden, "Childhood and the Policy Makers: A Comparative Perspective on the Globalization of Childhood," in A. James and A. Prout, eds., Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood, Falmer Press, New York and London, 1990; and M. Lyons, Francois-Xavier Bagnoud Association, personal communication, Oct. 21, 1996.
50. G. Barker and F. Knaul, 1991, op. cit. (see reference 37); J. Boyden, "Childhood and the Policy Makers: A Comparative Perspective on the Globalization of Childhood," in A. James and A. Prout, eds., Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood, Falmer Press, New York and London, 1990; and M. Lyons, Francois-Xavier Bagnoud Association, personal communication, Oct. 21, 1996.
51. UNICEF, The State of the World's Children, 1997, Oxford University Press, New York, 1996.
52. Bureau of International Labor Affairs, 1995, op. cit. (see reference 33).
53. V. Mutarbhorn, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 2).
54. Ibid.
55. D. Beyer, National Child Labor Committee, personal communication, Nov. 13, 1996.
56. V. Mutarbhorn, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 2).
57. M. Connolly, UNICEF, personal communication, Nov. 1, 1996.
58. Ibid.
59. L. J. Lederer, "National Legislation on Child Pornography and International Trafficking," unpublished document, Center on Speech, Equality and Harm, University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, Minn., USA, Aug. 1996.
60. V. Mutarbhorn, 1996, op. cit. (see reference 2).
61. Ibid.
62. M. Liss, U. S. Department of Justice, personal communcation, Feb. 6, 1997.
63. _, U. S. Department of Justice Informal Working Group meeting, Washington, D. C., Nov. 22, 1996.
64. End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism (ECPAT), Commercial Sexual Exploitation and the Work of ECPAT, ECPAT, Bangkok, 1996.
65. J. Vermillion, U. S. Agency for International Development (USAID), personal communication, Dec. 2, 1996.
66. U. S. Department of Justice Informal Working Group meeting, Washington, D. C., Nov. 22, 1996.
67. The World Bank, "Women and Development: The Importance of Gender Equality," 〈http://www.worldbank. org〉, accessed Dec. 10, 1996.
68. The World Bank, "Implementing the World Bank's Gender Policies," Progess Report No. 1, Mar. 1996, 〈http://www.worldbank.org〉, accessed Dec. 10, 1996.
69. M. Reilly, The Asia Foundation, personal communication, Dec. 9, 1996; and The Global Fund for Women, "Sisters and Daughters Betrayed: The Sex Trade of Women and Girls," document presented at the International Conference on the Dynamics of Sexual Coercion, Reno, Nevada, USA, Oct. 7-8, 1996.
70. M. Reilly, The Asia Foundation, personal communication, Dec. 9, 1996; and The Global Fund for Women, "Sisters and Daughters Betrayed: The Sex Trade of Women and Girls," document presented at the International Conference on the Dynamics of Sexual Coercion, Reno, Nevada, USA, Oct. 7-8, 1996.
71. H. Kemberis, Asian-American Free Labor Institute, personal communication, Dec. 3, 1996.
72. United Nations Population Fund, "Population Fund and Migration Group Sign Agreement to Address Issues Including Sexual Violence and Trafficking of Children," press release, New York, Dec. 11, 1996.
73. P. Martine, USAID, personal communication, Dec. 3, 1996.
74. "USAID Programs to Address Risk of Sexual Exploitation of Children and Women," paper prepared for U. S. Department of Justice Informal Working Group meeting, Washington, D. C., Nov. 22, 1996.