Cardiovascular disease mortality

Journal of the National Medical Association

Volumn 95, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 1146-1151

  Onwuanyi, Anekwe E ^a   Clarke, Aubrey ^b   Vanderbush, Eric ^b  

^a MOREHOUSE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Harlem; Hypertension; Mortality; New York City; Race

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUSE OF DEATH; ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; UNITED STATES; URBAN AREA;

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEW YORK CITY; URBAN POPULATION;

EID: 0345731481     PISSN: 00279684     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. Manton KG, Patrick CH, Johnson KW. Health differentials between blacks and whites: recent trends in mortality and morbidity. Milbank Q. 1987;65:Suppl 1, 129-199.
2. Cooper R, Stamler J, Dyer A, et al. The decline in mortality from coronary heart disease. USA 1968-1975. J. Chron Dis. 1978;31:709-720.
3. Heart and Stroke Facts: 1996 Statistical Supplements by the American Heart Association.
4. Havlik RJ, Feinleib M, eds. Proceedings of the conferences on the decline in coronary heart disease mortality. Bethesda MD, U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare, Publication No. 79-169, 1979.
5. Brownson RC, Smith CA, Horton J, et al. Racial differences in cardiovascular disease mortality and risk factors. Missouri Med. 1992;89:42-45.
6. Cooper RS, Ghali JK. Coronary heart disease: black-white differences. Cardiovascular Clinics. 1991;21:205-225.
7. Gillum RF, Liu KC. Coronary heart disease mortality in U.S. blacks 1940-1978: trends and unanswered questions. Am Heart J. 1984;728-731.
8. Sung JFC, Harris-Hooker SA, Schmid G, et al. Racial differences in mortality from cardiovascular disease in Atlanta. J Natl Med Assoc. 1992;84:259-263.
9. Gillum RF, Mussolino ME, Madans JH. Coronary heart disease incidence and survival in African-American women and men. The NHANES 1 Epidemiologic follow-up study. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:111-118.
10. Geronimus AT, Bound J, Waidmann TA, et al. Excess mortality among blacks and whites in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1552-1558.
11. Onwuanyi A, Hodges D, Avancha A, et al. Hypertensive vascular disease as a cause of death in blacks versus whites. Autopsy findings in 587 adults. Hypertension. 1998;31:1070-1076.
12. Spratka MJ, Folsom AR, Burke GL, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in blacks and whites. Am J Public Health. 1988;78:1546-1549.
13. Blendon RJ, Aiken LH, Freeman HE, et al. Access to medical care for black and white Americans. JAMA. 1989;261:278-281.
14. Wenneker MB, Epstein AM. Racial inequalities in the use of procedures for patients with ischemic heart disease in Massachusetts. JAMA. 1989;261:253-257.
15. Peterson ED, Wright SM, Daley J, et al. Racial variation in cardiac procedure use and survival following acute myocardial infarction in the Department of Veteran's Affairs. JAMA. 1994;271:1175-1180.
16. Gomick ME, Eggers PW, Reilly TW, et al. Effects of race and income on mortality and use of services among medicare beneficiaries. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:791-799.
17. Fang J, Madhavan S, Alderman MH. The association between birthplace and mortality from cardiovascular causes among black and white residents of New York City. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1545-1551.
18. McCord C, Freeman HP. Excess mortality in Harlem. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:173-177.
19. International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision.
20. Socioeconomic Profiles: a portrait of New York City's community districts from the 1980 and 1990 censuses of population and housing, Department of City Planning, March 1993.
21. United Hospital Fund Community Health Atlas. 1994.
22. Demographic Profiles: a portrait of New York City's community districts from the 1980 and 1990 censuses of population and housing, Department of City Planning, August 1992.
23. Shea S, Misra D, Erhlich MH, et al. Predisposing factors for severe uncontrolled hypertension in an inner-city minority population. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:776-781.
24. Hypertension detection and follow-up program cooperative group. Race, education and prevalence of hypertension. Am J Epidemiol. 1977;106:351-361.
25. Lee DK, Marantz PR, Devereux RB, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy in black and white hypertensives. JAMA. 1992;267:3294-3299.
26. Levy O, Anderson K, Savage O, et al. Risk of ventricular arrhythmias in left ventricular hypertrophy. The Framingham Heart Study. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60:560-565.
27. Pringle SO, Ounn FG, McFarlane PW, et al. Significance of ventricular arrhythmias in systemic hypertension with ventricular hypertrophy. Am J Cardiol. 1992;69:913-917.
28. McLenachan JM, Henderson E, Morris KI, et al. Ventricular arrhythmias in patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:787-792.
29. Huser CJ, Hirsch CS. Sudden cardiac death caused by hypertension independent of coronary atherosclerosis. Forensic Pathology. 1988;30:1-4.
30. Levy O, Garrison RJ, Savage OO, et al. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in Framingham Heart Study. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1561-1566.
31. Ghali JK, Liao Y, Simmons D, et al. The prognostic role of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with or without coronary artery disease. Ann Int Med. 1992;117:831-836.
32. Kircher T, Nelson J, Burdo H. The autopsy as a measure of accuracy of the death certificate. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:1263-1269.
33. Lloyd-Jones DM, Martin DO, Larson MG, et al. Accuracy of death certificates for coding coronary heart disease as the cause of death. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:1066-1067.
34. Maynard C, Fisher LD, Passamani ER, et al. Blacks in the coronary artery surgery study: risk factors and coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1986;74:64-71.