MacIntyre, narratives, and environmental ethics

Environmental Ethics

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 3-21

  Gare, Arran ^a  

^a SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0345722053     PISSN: 01634275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5840/enviroethics199820142     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Ulrich Beck, "From Industrial Society to Risk Society," Cultural Theory and Cultural Change, ed. Mike Featherstone (London: Sage, 1992), p. 106.
2. Janna Thompson, "A Refutation of Environmental Ethics," Environmental Ethics 12 (1990): 147-60.
3. For a forceful statement on this point, see Alasdair MacIntyre, "Philosophy: Past Conflict and Future Direction," supplement to the Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 61, no. 1 (September 1987): 81-87.
4. Alasdair MacIntyre, "Epistemological Crises, Dramatic Narrative and the Philosophy of Science," Monist 60 (1977): 459-60, 467.
5. Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue, 2d ed. (Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 1984), p. 216.
6. Ibid., p. 222.
7. Alasdair MacIntyre, Whose Justice? Which Rationality? (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988).
8. Alasdair MacIntyre, "Are Philosophical Problems Insoluble?" in Philosophical Imagination and Cultural Memory, ed. Patricia Cook (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1993), p. 76.
9. What is involved in such thinking is most fully elaborated in Alasdair MacIntyre, "Incommensurability, Truth and Conversation between Confucians and Aristotelians about the Virtues," Culture and Modernity: East-West Philosophical Perspectives, ed. Eliot Deutsch (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991), pp. 104-22.
10. On this issue, see Alasdair MacIntyre, Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry: Encyclopaedia, Genealogy and Tradition (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990), esp. chap. 5.
11. Lynn White, Jr., "The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis," first published in Science 155 (1967) 1203-07; reprinted in Western Man and Environmental Ethics: Attitudes Towards Nature and Technology, ed. Ian G. Barbour (Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1973), pp. 18-30.
12. Lynn White, Jr., "The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis," first published in Science 155 (1967) 1203-07; reprinted in Western Man and Environmental Ethics: Attitudes Towards Nature and Technology, ed. Ian G. Barbour (Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1973), pp. 18-30.
13. Lynn White, Jr., "Continuing the Conversation," in Barbour, Western Man and Environmental Ethics, p. 57.
14. This theme has been taken up by Jim Cheney in "Postmodern Environmental Ethics: Ethics as Bioregional Narrative," Environmental Ethics 11 (1989): 117-34.
15. For a full development of this argument, see MacIntyre, "Are Philosophical Problems Insoluble?" pp. 65-82.
16. Here I am simplifying MacIntyre's case somewhat. See ibid., p. 77.
17. MacIntyre, After Virtue, p. 53.
18. Ibid., p. 2.
19. For MacIntyre's appreciation and criticism of Nietzsche, see After Virtue, chap. 9, and Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry, chaps. 2 and 9.
20. For MacIntyre's appreciation and criticism of Nietzsche, see After Virtue, chap. 9, and Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry, chaps. 2 and 9.
21. This vagueness is suggested by several commentators on MacIntyre. See chapters by John Horton and Susan Mendus, Stephen Mulhall and Andrew Mason, along with a reply by MacIntyre, in After MacIntyre, ed. John Horton and Susan Mendus (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994).
22. Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self: The Making of Modern Identity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
23. See Pierre Bourdieu, The Field of Cultural Production (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993).
24. Hilary Putnam, Reason, Truth and History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), p. 215.
25. The best short account of this cosmology is E. M. W. Tillyard, The Elizabethan World Picture (1943; reprint ed., Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1978). For an analysis of the way in which it came to form the foundation of feudal society, see Arran E. Gare, Nihilism Inc.: Environmental Destruction and the Metaphysics of Sustainability (Sydney: Eco-Logical Press, 1996), chap. 4.
26. The best short account of this cosmology is E. M. W. Tillyard, The Elizabethan World Picture (1943; reprint ed., Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1978). For an analysis of the way in which it came to form the foundation of feudal society, see Arran E. Gare, Nihilism Inc.: Environmental Destruction and the Metaphysics of Sustainability (Sydney: Eco-Logical Press, 1996), chap. 4.
27. For an excellent short historical analysis of modern philosophy, showing how coherent it is when the centrality of the rise of science to philosophy is acknowledged, see Herman Philipse, "Towards a Postmodern Conception of Metaphysics: On the Genealogy and Successor Disciplines of Modern Philosophy," Metaphilosophy 25, no. 1 (1994): 1-44.
28. Concerning this point, see Eric Voeglin, "Helvetius and the Genealogy of Passions," From Enlightenment to Revolution, ed. John H. Hallowell (Durham: Duke University Press, 1975).
29. I have traced the evolution of these doctrines in Gare, Nihilism Inc., chaps. 5, 6, and 7.
30. On this point, see ibid., chap. 2.
31. Paul Ricoeur, Time and Narrative, trans. Kathleen McLaughlin and David Pellauer, vol. 1 (1983; reprint ed., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), p. 52.
32. Ibid., p. ix.
33. Carr has developed his ideas in Time, Narrative, and History (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986). His differences with Ricoeur were elaborated in a discussion with Ricoeur. See On Paul Ricoeur, ed. David Wood (London: Routledge, 1991), pp. 160-74. For Ricoeur's reply, see p. 180.
34. Carr has developed his ideas in Time, Narrative, and History (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986). His differences with Ricoeur were elaborated in a discussion with Ricoeur. See On Paul Ricoeur, ed. David Wood (London: Routledge, 1991), pp. 160-74. For Ricoeur's reply, see p. 180.
35. This issue has also been discussed by Joseph Rouse in "The Narrative Reconstruction of Science," Inquiry 33 (1990): 179-96, although he draws different conclusions than I do.
36. One of the best characterizations of this view is still Paul Hazard, The European Mind: 1680-1715, trans. J. Lewis May (1935; reprint ed., Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1973).
37. I have described this process in detail in Nihilism Inc.
38. Ibid., chap. 7.
39. Apart from the work of Heidegger and Lynn White, Jr., see Gare, Nihilism Inc.
40. Juan Martinez-Alier, Ecological Economics: Energy, Environment and Society (Oxford: Blackwell, 1987).
41. For an historical analysis of this tradition, see Arran Gare, Postmodernism and the Environmental Crisis (London and New York: Routledge, 1995), chap. 2.
42. For further elaboration of this point, see Arran E. Gare, "Understanding Oriental Cultures," Philosophy East and West 45, no. 3 (1995): 309-28.
43. On this issue, see Margaret C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution 1689-1720 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1976); Brian Easlea, Witchcraft, Magic and the New Philosophy (Sussex: Harvester Press, 1980); and Carolyn Merchant, The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution (London: Wildwood House, 1982).
44. On this issue, see Margaret C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution 1689-1720 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1976); Brian Easlea, Witchcraft, Magic and the New Philosophy (Sussex: Harvester Press, 1980); and Carolyn Merchant, The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution (London: Wildwood House, 1982).
45. On this issue, see Margaret C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution 1689-1720 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1976); Brian Easlea, Witchcraft, Magic and the New Philosophy (Sussex: Harvester Press, 1980); and Carolyn Merchant, The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution (London: Wildwood House, 1982).
46. Ivor Leclerc provides a good history of this tradition of metaphysics along with a history of the emergence of the mechanistic tradition. See The Nature of Physical Existence (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1972).
47. Quoted in Isaiah Berlin, Vico and Herder (London: Chatto and Windus, 1980), p. 160.
48. On Herder's natural philosophy, showing who he was influenced by, see H. B. Nisbet, Herder and the Philosophy and History of Science (Cambridge: The Modern Humanities Research Association, 1970).
49. Berlin, Vico and Herder, p. 153.
50. There is also a challenge to mechanistic thinking coming from field theorists, but this approach is also failing and was never of any significance outside of physics.
51. Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers, Order out of Chaos (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1984). For another popular work on a similar theme, see David Bohm and F. David Peat, Science, Order and Creativity (Toronto: Bantam, 1987). Prigogine and Bohm have defended their views in more technical works.
52. Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers, Order out of Chaos (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1984). For another popular work on a similar theme, see David Bohm and F. David Peat, Science, Order and Creativity (Toronto: Bantam, 1987). Prigogine and Bohm have defended their views in more technical works.
53. Stengers, Order out of Chaos, p. 312.
54. For a defense, see Gare, Nihilism Inc., chap. 8.
55. On this issue, see Philip R. Pryde, Environmental Management in the Soviet Union (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), and Gare, Nihilism Inc., chaps. 8 and 11.
56. On this issue, see Philip R. Pryde, Environmental Management in the Soviet Union (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), and Gare, Nihilism Inc., chaps. 8 and 11.
57. I discuss this point at some length in Gare, Postmodernism and the Environmental Crisis.
58. Aldo Leopold, "The Land Ethic," A Sand County Almanac (1949; reprint ed., Oxford: University Press, 1968), p. 224.
59. I have elaborated this notion in more detail in Gare, Postmodernism and the Environmental Crisis, p. 140.
60. The work of John Cobb, Jr. is exemplary in this regard, having promoted process philosophy as a systematic philosophy and contributed to the philosophy of nature, ethics, environmental philosophy, and environmental economics. See John B. Cobb, Jr. and David Ray Griffin, Mind in Nature: Essays on the Interface of Science and Philosophy (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1978); Charles Birch and John Cobb, Jr., The Liberation of Life (1981, reprint, ed., Denton, Tex.: Environmental Ethics Books, 1990), and Herman E. Daly and John B. Cobb, Jr., For the Common Good (Boston: Beacon Press, 1989). See also Gare, Nihilism Inc., esp. chaps. 13-16.
61. The work of John Cobb, Jr. is exemplary in this regard, having promoted process philosophy as a systematic philosophy and contributed to the philosophy of nature, ethics, environmental philosophy, and environmental economics. See John B. Cobb, Jr. and David Ray Griffin, Mind in Nature: Essays on the Interface of Science and Philosophy (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1978); Charles Birch and John Cobb, Jr., The Liberation of Life (1981, reprint, ed., Denton, Tex.: Environmental Ethics Books, 1990), and Herman E. Daly and John B. Cobb, Jr., For the Common Good (Boston: Beacon Press, 1989). See also Gare, Nihilism Inc., esp. chaps. 13-16.
62. The work of John Cobb, Jr. is exemplary in this regard, having promoted process philosophy as a systematic philosophy and contributed to the philosophy of nature, ethics, environmental philosophy, and environmental economics. See John B. Cobb, Jr. and David Ray Griffin, Mind in Nature: Essays on the Interface of Science and Philosophy (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1978); Charles Birch and John Cobb, Jr., The Liberation of Life (1981, reprint, ed., Denton, Tex.: Environmental Ethics Books, 1990), and Herman E. Daly and John B. Cobb, Jr., For the Common Good (Boston: Beacon Press, 1989). See also Gare, Nihilism Inc., esp. chaps. 13-16.
63. The work of John Cobb, Jr. is exemplary in this regard, having promoted process philosophy as a systematic philosophy and contributed to the philosophy of nature, ethics, environmental philosophy, and environmental economics. See John B. Cobb, Jr. and David Ray Griffin, Mind in Nature: Essays on the Interface of Science and Philosophy (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1978); Charles Birch and John Cobb, Jr., The Liberation of Life (1981, reprint, ed., Denton, Tex.: Environmental Ethics Books, 1990), and Herman E. Daly and John B. Cobb, Jr., For the Common Good (Boston: Beacon Press, 1989). See also Gare, Nihilism Inc., esp. chaps. 13-16.
64. On this issue, see Nihilism Incorporated, chap. 17, and Gare, Postmodernism and the Environmental Crisis, chap. 5.
65. On this issue, see Nihilism Incorporated, chap. 17, and Gare, Postmodernism and the Environmental Crisis, chap. 5.