Application of an internal standard technique by transmission x-ray diffraction to assess layer charge of a montmorillonite by using the alkylammonium method

Clays and Clay Minerals

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 113-118

  Janek, M ^a   Smrcok L' ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY   (Slovakia)

Author keywords

Alkylammonium method; Interlayer cation exchange capacity; Layer charge determination; Montmorillonite; Silver Behenate; XRD

Indexed keywords

AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; CONFORMATIONS; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ION EXCHANGE; SILVER COMPOUNDS; THERMAL STRATIFICATION; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

ALKYLAMMONIUM METHOD; INTERLAYER CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY; INTERNAL STANDARD TECHNIQUE; LAYER CHARGE DETERMINATION; MONTMORILLONITE; SILVER BEHENATE; TRANSMISSION X RAY DIFFRACTION;

CLAY;

CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY; MONTMORILLONITE; X-RAY DIFFRACTION;

EID: 0345517188     PISSN: 00098604     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470201     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. 4 and its organic derivates. Clay Minerals, 17, 175-183.
2. Blanton, T.N., Huang, T.C., Toraya, H., Hubbard, C.R., Robie, S.B., Louër, D., Göbel, H.E., Will, G., Giles, R., and Raftery, T. (1995) JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data round robin study of silver behenate. A possible low-angle X-ray diffraction calibration standard. Powder Diffraction, 10, 91-95.
3. Číčel, B. and Komadel, P. (1994) Structural formulae of layer silicates. In Soil Science Society of America Miscellaneous Publication, Quanitative Methods in Soil Mineralogy, J.E. Amoneet and L.W. Zelazny, eds., Madison, Wisconsin, 114-136.
4. Hall, M.M., Veeraraghavan, V.G., Rubin, H., and Winchell, P.G. (1977) The approximation of symmetric X-ray peaks by Pearson type VII distributions. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 10, 66-68.
5. Janek, M., Komadel, P., and Lagaly, G. (1997) Effect of autotransformation on the layer charge of smectites determined by alkylammonium method. Clay Minerals, 32, 623-632.
6. Kelley, W.P. (1955) Interpretation of chemical analyses of clays. Clays and Clay Minerals, 1, 92-94.
7. Lagaly, G. (1981) Characterization of clays by organic compounds. Clay Minerals, 16, 1-21.
8. Lagaly, G. (1994) Layer charge determination by alkylammonium ions. In Clay Minerals Society Workshop Lectures 6, Layer Charge Characteristics of 2 : 1 Silicate Clay Minerals, A.R. Mermut, ed., Boulder, Colorado, 1-46.
9. Lagaly, G. and Beneke, K. (1991) Intercalation and exchange reactions of clay minerals and non-clay layer compounds. Colloid Polymer Science, 269, 1198-1211.
10. Lagaly, G. and Weiss, A. (1969) Determination of the layer charge in mica-type layer silicates. Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, Tokyo, 1969, I, 61-80.
11. Lagaly, G. and Weiss, A. (1971) Neue Methoden zur Charakterisierung und Idenifizierung quellungsfàhiger Dreischichttonminerale. Zeitshcrift Pflanzenern Bodenkunde, 130, 9-24.
12. Lagaly, G. and Weiss, A. (1975) The layer charge of smectitic layer silicates. Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, Mexico. Applied Publishing Ltd, Wilmette, Illinois, 157-172.
13. Lagaly, G., Fernandez Gonzales, M., and Weiss, A. (1976) Problems in layer-charge determination of montmorillonites. Clay Minerals, 11, 173-187.
14. Laird, D.A. (1994) Evaluation of structural formulae and alkylammonium method of determining layer charge. In Clay Minerals Society Workshop Lectures 6, Layer Charge Characteristics of 2 : 1 Silicate Clay Minerals, A.R. Mermut, ed., Boulder, Colorado, 79-104.
15. Laird, D.A., Scott, A.D., and Fenton, T.E. (1987) Interpretation of alkylammonium characterization of soil clays. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 51, 1659-1663.
16. Laird, D.A., Scott, A.D., and Fenton, T.E. (1989) Evaluation of the alkylammonium method of determining layer charge. Clays and Clay Minerals, 37, 41-46.
17. MacEwan, D.M.C., Ruiz Amil, A., and Brown, G. (1961) Interstratified clay minerals. In The X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals, G. Brown, ed., Mineralogical Society, London, 393-445.
18. Maes, A., Stul, M.S., and Cremers, A. (1979) Layer charge-cation-exchange capacity relationships in montmorillonite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 27, 387-392.
19. Malla, P.B. and Lowell, A.D. (1987) Layer charge properties of smectites and vermiculites: Tetrahdral vs octahedral. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 51, 1362-1366.
20. Mermut, A.R. (1994) Problems associated with layer charge characterization of 2 : 1 phyllosilicates. In Clay Minerals Society Workshop Lectures 6, Layer Charge Characteristics of 2 : 1 Silicate Clay Minerals, A.R. Mermut, ed., Boulder, Colorado, 105-127.
21. Reynolds, R.C. (1980) Interstratified clay minerals. In Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and Their X-ray Identification, G.W. Brindley and G. Brown, eds., Mineralogical Society, London, 249-303.
22. Ruehlicke, G. and Kohler, E.E. (1981) A simplified procedure for determining layer charge by the n-alkylammonium method. Clay Minerals, 16, 305-307.
23. Stanjek, H., Niederbudde, E.A., and Häusler, W. (1992) Improved evaluation of layer charge of n-alkylammonium-treated fine soil clays by Lorenz- and polarization-correction and curve-fitting. Clay Minerals, 27, 3-19.
24. Vaia, R.A., Teukolsky, R.K., and Giannelis, E.P. (1994) Interlayer structure and molecular environment of alkylammonium layered silicates. Chemical Materials, 6, 1017-1022.