Diagnosis and Management of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

Volumn 85, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 2456-2470

  Vaccaro, Alexander R ^a   Kim, David H ^b   Brodke, Darrel S ^c   Harris, Mitchel ^d   Chapman, Jens ^e   Schildhauer, Thomas ^f   Routt, M L Chip ^e   Sasso, Rick C ^g  

^a ROTHMAN INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b Boston Spine Group   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^d WAKE FOREST BAPTIST HEALTH   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^f RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

^g INDIANA SPINE GROUP   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BURST FRACTURE; COMPRESSION FRACTURE; CONFERENCE PAPER; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; FLEXION DISTRACTION FRACTURE; FRACTURE DISLOCATION; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPINAL CORD DECOMPRESSION; SPINE FRACTURE; SPINE RADIOGRAPHY; SPINE STABILIZATION; SYNDROME DELINEATION; THORACOLUMBAR SPINE; THORACOLUMBAR SPINE FRACTURE;

EID: 0345491893     PISSN: 00219355     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2106/00004623-200312000-00029     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (66)

1. Denis F. The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine. 1983;8:817-31.
2. Ferguson RL, Allen BL Jr. A mechanistic classification of thoracolumbar spine fractures. Clin Orthop. 1984;189:77-88.
3. Andrlacchl TP, Schultz A, Belytschko T, Galante J. A model for studies of mechanical interactions between the human spine and rib cage. J Biomech. 1974;7:497-507.
4. White AA 3rd, Panjabl MM. Clinical biomechanics of the spine. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1990.
5. Frankel HL, Hancock DO, Hyslop G, Melzak J, Michaelis LS, Ungar GH, Vernon JA, Walsh JJ. The value of postural reduction in the initial management of closed injuries of the spine with paraplegia and tetraplegia. Paraplegia. 1969;7:179-92.
6. Dlckson JH, Harrlngton PR, Erwln WD. Results of reduction and stabilization of the severely fractured thoracic and lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1978;60:799-805.
7. Hubbard D. Injuries of the spine in children and adolescents. Clin Orthop. 1974;100:56-65.
8. Keene JS. Thoracolumbar fractures in winter sports. Clin Orthop. 1987;216:39-49.
9. Klm DH, Sllber JS, Albert TJ. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Instr Course Lect. 2003;52:541-50.
10. McGroy BJ, VanderWllde RS, Currler BL, Elsmont FJ. Diagnosis of subtle thoracolumbar burst fractures. A new radiographic sign. Spine. 1993;19:2282-5.
11. Ballock RT, Mackersle R, Abltbol JJ, Cervllla V, Resnlck D, Garfin SR. Can burst fractures be predicted from plain radiographs? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992;74:147-50.
12. Kuklo TR, Polly DW, Owens BD, Zeldman SM, Chang AS, Klemme WR. Measurement of thoracic and lumbar fracture kyphosis: evaluation of intraobserver, interobserver, and technique variability. Spine. 2001;26:61-6.
13. Nicoll EA. Fractures of the dorso-lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1949;31:376-94.
14. Benedek TG, Nicholas JJ, Reece GJ. Kümmell's disease: a rare cause of posttraumatic back pain. Arthritis Rheum. 1980;23:653.
15. Brower AC, Downey EF Jr. Kummell disease: report of a case with serial radiographs. Radiology. 1981;141:363-4.
16. Klm NH, Lee HM, Chun IM. Neurologic injury and recovery in patients with burst fracture of the thoracolumbar spine. Spine. 1999;24:290-4.
17. Knop C, Fablan HF, Bastlan L, Blauth M. Late results of thoracolumbar fractures after posterior instrumentation and transpedicular bone grafting. Spine. 2001;26:88-99.
18. Vaccaro AR, Nachwalter RS, Kleln GR, Sewards JM, Albert TJ, Garfin SR. The significance of thoracolumbar spinal canal size in spinal cord injury patients. Spine. 2001;26:371-6.
19. Ochla RS, Chlng RP. Internal pressure measurements during burst fracture formation in human lumbar vertebrae. Spine. 2002;27:1160-7.
20. Panjabl MM, Hausfeld JN, Whlte AA 3rd. A biomechanical study of the ligamentous stability of the thoracic spine in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52:315-26.
21. Louis R. Spinal stability as defined by the three-column spine concept. Anat Clin. 1985;7:33-42.
22. McAfee PC, Yuan HA, Lasda NA. The unstable burst fracture. Spine. 1982;7:365-73.
23. Anderson PA, Rivera FP, Maler RV, Drake C. The epidemiology of seatbelt-associated injuries. J Trauma. 1991;31:60-7.
24. Gumley G, Taylor TK, Ryan MD. Distraction fractures of the lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1982;64:520-5.
25. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, Holford TR, Young W, Baskin DS, Eisenberg HM, Flamm E, Leo-Summers L, Maroon J, Marshall LF, Perot PL, Plepineler J, Sonntag VK, Wagner FC, Willberger JE, Winn HR. A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1405-11.
26. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, Leo-Summers L, Aldrich EF, Fazl M, Fehllngs M, Herr DL, Hitchon PW, Marshall LF, Nockels RP, Pascale V, Perot PL Jr, Piepmeler J, Sonntag VK, Wagner F, Wilberger JE, Winn HR, Young W. Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JAMA. 1997;277:1597-604.
27. Frankel HL, Hancock DO, Hyslop G, Melzak J, Mlchaells LS, Ungar GH, Vernon JD, Walsh JJ. The value of postural reduction in the initial management of closed injuries of the spine with paraplegia and tetraplegia. I. Paraplegia. 1969;7:179-92.
28. Burke DC, Murray DD. The management of thoracic and thoraco-lumbar injuries of the spine with neurological involvement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1976;58:72-8.
29. Cantor JB, Lebwohl NH, Garvey T, Eismont FJ. Nonoperative management of stable thoracolumbar burst fractures with early ambulation and bracing. Spine. 1993;18:971-6.
30. Fredrlckson BE, Yuan HA, Bayley JC. The nonoperative treatment of thoracolumbar injuries. Semin Spine Surg. 1990;2:70-8.
31. Kraemer WJ, Schemltsch EH, Lever J, McBroom RJ, McKee MD, Waddell JP. Functional outcome of thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurological deficit. J Orthop Trauma. 1996;10:541-4.
32. Mumford J, Welnsteln JN, Spratt KF, Goel VK. Thoracolumbar burst fractures. The clinical efficacy and outcome of nonoperative management. Spine. 1993;18:955-70.
33. Rechtlne GR 2nd, Cahlll D, Chrln AM. Treatment of thoracolumbar trauma: comparison of complications of operative versus nonoperative treatment. J Spinal Disord. 1999;12:406-9.
34. Welnsteln JN, Collalto P, Lehmann TR. Long-term follow-up of nonoperatively treated thoracolumbar spine fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 1987;1:152-9.
35. Weinsteln JN, Collalto P, Lehmann TR. Thoracolumbar "burst" fractures treated conservatively: a long-term follow-up. Spine. 1988;13: 33-8.
36. Vaccaro AR, Daugherty RJ, Sheehan TP, Dante SJ, Cotler JM, Balderston RA, Herbison GJ, Northrup BE. Neurologic outcome of early versus late surgery for cervical spinal cord injury. Spine. 1997;22:2609-13.
37. Holdsworth F. Fractures, dislocations, and fracture-dislocations of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970;52:1534-51.
38. Panjabi MM, Oxland TR, Lin RM, McGowen TW. Thoracolumbar burst fracture. A biomechanical investigation of its multidirectional flexibility. Spine. 1994;19:578-85.
39. James KS, Wenger KH, Schlegel JD, Dunn HK. Biomechanical evaluation of the stability of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Spine. 1994;19:1731-40.
40. Chow GH, Nelson BJ, Gebhard JS, Brugman JL, Brown CW, Donaldson DH. Functional outcome of thoracolumbar burst fractures managed with hyperextension casting or bracing and early mobilization. Spine. 1996;21:2170-5.
41. Gertzbein SD. Scoliosis Research Society. Multicenter spine fracture study. Spine. 1992;17:528-40.
42. Baab OD. Fractures of the dorsal and lumbar spine. Clin Orthop. 1966;49:195-200.
43. Young MH. Long-term consequences of stable fractures of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1973;55:295-300.
44. Mlyakoshi N, Abe E, Shlmada Y, Hongo M, Chiba M, Sato K. Anterior decompression with single segment spinal interbody fusion for lumbar burst fracture. Spine. 1999;24:67-73.
45. Okuyama K, Abe E, Chiba M, Ishlkawa N, Sato K. Outcome of anterior decompression and stabilization for thoracolumbar unstable burst fractures in the absence of neurologic deficits. Spine. 1996;21:620-5.
46. Garfin SR, Mowery CA, Guerra J Jr, Marshall LF. Confirmation of the posterolateral technique to decompress and fuse thoracolumbar spine burst fractures. Spine. 1985;10:218-23.
47. Dai LY. Remodeling of the spinal canal after thoracolumbar burst fractures. Ciin Orthop. 2001;382:119-23.
48. Wessberg P, Wang Y, Irstam L, Nordwall A. The effect of surgery and remodelling on spinal canal measurements after thoracolumbar burst fractures. Eur Spine J. 2001;10:55-63.
49. Bohlman HH, Freehafer A, Dejak J. The results of treatment of acute injuries of the upper thoracic spine with paralysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67:360-9.
50. Wlllen J, Llndahl S, Irstam L, Nordwall A. Unstable thoracolumbar fractures. A study by CT and conventional roentgenology of the reduction effect of Harrington instrumentation. Spine. 1984;9:214-9.
51. Crutcher JP Jr, Anderson PA, Klng HA, Montesano PX. Indirect spinal canal decompression in patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures treated by posterior distraction rods. J Spinal Disord. 1991;4:39-48.
52. Gertzbein SD, Crowe PJ, Fazl M, Schwartz M, Rowed D. Canal clearance in burst fractures using the AO internal fixator. Spine. 1992;17:558-60.
53. Bradford DS, McBrlde CG. Surgical management of thoracolumbar spine fractures with incomplete neurologic deficits. Clin Orthop. 1987;218:20:1-16.
54. Gertzbein SD, Court-Brown CM, Marks P, Martin C, Fazl M, Schwartz M, Jacobs RR. The neurological outcome following surgery for spinal fractures. Spine. 1988;13:641-4.
55. Esses SI, Botsford DJ, Kostuik JP. Evaluation of surgical treatment for burst fractures. Spine. 1990;15:667-73.
56. Jacobs RR, Asher MA, Snider RK. Thoracolumbar spinal injuries. A comparative study of recumbent and operative treatment in 100 patients. Spine. 1980;5:463-77.
57. An HS, Vaccaro A, Cotler JM, Lln S. Low lumbar burst fractures. Comparison among body cast, Harrington roc, Luque rod, and Steffee plate. Spine. 1991;16 (8 Suppl):S440-4.
58. Sasso RC, Cotler HB. Posterior instrumentation and fusion for unstable fractures and fracture-dislocations of the thoracic and lumbar spine. A comparative study of three fixation devices in 70 patients. Spine. 1993;18:450-60.
59. Kahanovitz N, Arnoczky SP, Levine DB, Otls JP. The effects of internal fixation of the articular cartilage of unfused canine facet joint cartilage. Spine. 1984;9:268-72.
60. Dekutoski MB, Conlan ES, Salclccloli GG. Spinal mobility and deformity after Harrington rod stabilization and limited arthrodesis of thoracolumbar fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75:168-76.
61. Chen WJ, Nlu CC, Chen LH, Chen JY, Shlh CH, Chu LY. Back pain after thoracolumbar fracture treated with long instrumentation and short fusion. J Spinal Disord. 1995;8:474-8.
62. Been HD, Bouma GJ. Comparison of two types of surgery for thoraco-lumbar burst fractures: combined anterior and posterior stabilisation vs. posterior instrumentation only. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1999;141:349-57.
63. Sasso RC, Cotler JM, Reuben JD. Posterior fixation of thoracic and lumbar spine fractures using DC plates and pedicle screws. Spine. 1991;16 (3 Suppl):S134-9.
64. Carl AL, Tromanhauser SG, Roger DJ. Pedicle screw instrumentation for thoracolumbar burst fractures and fracture-dislocations. Spine. 1992;17 (8 Suppl):S317-24.
65. McLaln RF, Sparllng E, Benson DR. Early failure of short-segrrent pedicle instrumentation for thoracolumbar fractures. A preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75:162-7.
66. Shono Y, McAfee PC, Cunnlngham BW. Experimental study of thoracolumbar burst fractures. A radiographic and biomechanical analysis of anterior and posterior instrumentation systems. Spine. 1994;19:1711-22.