Trends in nutrient concentrations in Latvian rivers and the response to the dramatic change in agriculture

Journal of Hydrology

Volumn 283, Issue 1-4, 2003, Pages 184-205

  Stalnacke P ^a   Grimvall, A ^b   Libiseller, C ^b   Laznik, M ^c   Kokorite, I ^d  

^a Jordforsk Norwegian Ctr Soil E   (Norway)

^b LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c Latvian Hydrometeorological Agency   (Latvia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA   (Latvia)

Author keywords

Agricultural change; Agricultural rivers; Latvia; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Trend analysis

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; CATCHMENTS; FERTILIZERS; GROUNDWATER; STATISTICAL METHODS;

MINERALIZATION; SLAUGHTERING;

HYDROLOGY;

AGRICULTURAL CHANGE; DISSOLVED INORGANIC NITROGEN; FERTILIZER; NUTRIENT; RIVER POLLUTION; WATER CHEMISTRY; WATER QUALITY;

BALTIC STATES; EURASIA; EUROPE; LATVIA; NORTHERN EUROPE;

EID: 0345447007     PISSN: 00221694     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00266-X     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Addiscott, T.M., 1988. Long-term leakage of nitrate from bare unmanured soil. Soil Use and Management 4, 91-95.
2. Alexander, R.B., Smith, R.A., Schwarz, G.E., 2000. Effect of stream channel size on the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico. Nature 403, 758-761.
3. Andersson, R., 1986. Losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from arable land in Sweden - magnitude, regulating factors and measured proposed. PhD Thesis. Institute for Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 215 pp.
4. Arheimer, B., 1998. Riverine nitrogen: analysis and modelling under Nordic conditions. PhD Thesis. Linköping Studies in Arts and Science 185, 64 pp.
5. Atlas of Geography of Latvia, 1999. Karsu izdevnieciba Jana Seta, Riga, Latvia, 40 pp (in Latvian).
6. Bechmann, M., Sharpley, A.N., Kleinman, P., 2003. Surface and subsurface runoff of phosphorus from frozen soil with catch crop (Manuscript).
7. Behrendt, H., 1988. Changes in nonpoint nutrient loadings into European freshwaters: trends and consequences since 1950 and not-impossible changes until 2080. Report No. WP-88-026. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, 28 pp.
8. Behrendt, H., Böhme, M., 1993. Point and diffuse loads of selected pollutants in the River Rhine and its main tributaries. Research Report RR-1-93. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, 84 pp.
9. Berankova, D., Ungerman, J., 1996. Nonpoint sources of pollution in the Morava river basin. Water Science and Technology 33, 127-135.
10. Billen, G., Lancelot, C., Meybeck, C., 1991. N, P, and Si retention along the aquatic continuum from land to ocean. In: Matoura, R.F.C., Martion, J.M., Wollast, R. (Eds.), Ocean margin processes in global change, Wiley, Chincester, England, pp. 19-44.
11. Brink, N., 1983. Gödselanvändningens miljöproblem. Ekohydrologi 14, 31-49. (in Swedish).
12. Chadwick, D.R., Sneath, R.W., Phillips, V.R., Pain, B.F., 1999. A UK inventory of nitrous oxide emissions from farmed livestock. Atmospheric Environment 33, 3345-3354.
13. Chesterikoff, A., Garban, B., Billen, G., Poulin, M., 1992. Inorganic nitrogen dynamics in the River Seine downstream from Paris (France). Biogeochemistry 17, 147-164.
14. Deelstra, J., Vagstad, N., Loigu, E., Vasiljev, A., Jansons, V., 1998. Interactions between hydrology and nutrient runoff in small agricultural catchments. A comparative study of Estonian, Latvian and Norwegian catchments. In: Kajander, J., (Ed.), XX Nordic Hydrological Conference, Nordic Association for Hydrology, Helsinki, 10-13 August 1998, Nordic Hydrological Programme, NHP Report No. 44, pp. 120-128.
15. De Wit, M., Behrendt, H., 1999. Nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from soil to surface water in the Rhine and Elbe basins. Water Science and Technology 39 (12), 109-116.
16. Dietz, E.J., Killeen, T.J., 1981. A nonparametric multivariate test for monotone trend with pharmaceutical applications. Journal of the American Statistical Association 76, 169-174.
17. Dillon, P.J., Kirchner, W.B., 1975. The effects of geology and land use on the export of phosphorus from watersheds. Water Research 9, 135-148.
18. Esterby, S., 1996. Review of methods for the detection and estimation of trends with emphasis on water quality applications. Hydrological Processes 10, 127-149.
19. Fejes, J., Romanovskiy, C., Borodinsky, K., 1997. Pilot study: environmental monitoring of the River Zapadnaya Dvina in Belarus. http://www.baltic-region.net
20. Fleischer, S., Hamrin, S.-F., 1988. Land use and nitrogen losses - a study within the Laholm Bay drainage area of Southwestern Sweden. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 23, 181-192.
21. Foy, R.H., Bailey-Watts, A.E., 1998. Observations on the spatial and temporal variation in the phosphorus status of lakes in the British Isles. Soil Use and Management 14, 131-138.
22. Foy, R.H., O'Connor, W.C.K., 2002. Managing the effects of agriculture on water quality in Northern Ireland. In: Haygarth, P.M., Jarvis, S.C. (Eds.), CAB International 2002. Agriculture, Hydrology and Water Quality, 2002. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 417-440.
23. Gilbert, R.O., 1987. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
24. Grant, R., Blicher-Mathiesen, G., Andersen, H.E., Lauble, A.R., Paulsen, I., Jensen, P.G., Rasmussen, P., 1997. The Agricultural Watershed Monitoring Programme, 1997. National Environmental Research Institute Report No. 210 (in Danish).
25. Grimvall, A., 1990. Trend analysis and source division of the load of eutrophying substances. In: Wulff, F., (Ed.), Large-scale environmental effects and ecological processes in the Baltic Sea - research programme for the period 1990-1995 and background documents, Technical Report No. 3849, Environmental Protection Agency, Solna, Sweden, pp. 61-73.
26. Grimvall, A., Stålnacke, P., 1996. Statistical methods for source apportionment of riverine loads of pollutants. Environmetrics 7, 201-213.
27. Grimvall, A., Stålnacke, P., Tonderski, A., 2000. Time-scales of nutrient losses from land to sea - a European perspective. Ecological Engineering 14, 363-371.
28. Gustafson, A., Fleischer, S., Joelsson, A., 1998. Decreased leaching and increased retention potential co-operative measures to reduce diffuse nitrogen load on a watershed level. Water Science and Technology 38, 181-189.
29. Haag, D., Kaupenjohann, M., 2001. Landscape fate of nitrate fluxes and emissions in Central Europe - a critical review of concepts, data, and models for transport and retention. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 86, 1-21.
30. Helcom, 1988. HELCOM 9/16, Report of the 19th Meeting, Annex 18, Helsinki, 15-19 February 1988, 290 pp.
31. Helcom, 1998. The third Baltic Sea pollution load compilation. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 70. Helsinki Commission, Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission, Helsinki, 134 pp.
32. Helsel, D.R., Hirsch, R.M., 1992. Statistical Methods in Water Resources, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
33. Hetling, L.J., Jaworski, N.A., Garretson, D.J., 1998. Comparison of nutrient input loading and riverine export fluxes in large watersheds. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Diffuse Pollution, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1 September 1998. IAWQ, Venue 2, pp. 202-213.
34. Hill, A.R., 1978. Factors affecting the export of nitrate-nitrogen from drainage basins in Southern Ontario. Water Research 12, 1045-1057.
35. Hill, A.R., 1981. Stream phosphorus exports from watersheds with contrasting land uses in Southern Ontario. Water Resources Bulletin 17, 627-634.
36. Hill, A.R., 1997. The potential role of in-stream and hyperheic environments as buffer zones. In: Haycock, N.E., Burt, T.P., Goulding, K.W., Pinay, G. (Eds.), Buffer zones; their processes and potential in water protection, Quest Environment, Hertfordshire, pp. 115-127.
37. Hirsch, R.M., Slack, J.R., 1984. A nonparametric trend test for seasonal data with serial dependence. Water Resources Research 20, 727-732.
38. Hirsch, R.M., Slack, J.R., Smith, R.A., 1982. Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data. Water Resources Research 18, 107-121.
39. Holmes, R.M., Jones, J.B., Fisher, S.G., Grimm, N.B., 1996. Denitrification in a nitrogen-limited stream eco-system. Biogeochemistry 33 (2), 125-146.
40. Howarth, R.W., Billen, G., Swaney, D., Townsend, A., Jaworski, L., Lajtha, K., Downing, J.A., Elmgren, R., Caraco, N., Jordan, T., Berendse, F., Kudeyarov, V., Murdoch, P., Zhao-Liang, Z., 1996. Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N and P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: natural and human influences. Biogeochemistry 35, 75-139.
41. Hussian, M., Grimvall, A., Petersen, W., 2003. Estimation of the human impact on nutrient loads carried by the Elbe River. To appear in Environmental Monitoring and Assesment.
42. Imhoff, K.R., 1989. Balance and elimination strategies for heavy metals, phosphorus, ammonia and AOX in the Ruhr catchment. In: Laikari, H., (Ed.), River Basin Management - V, Proceedings of an IAWPRC Conference, Rovaniemi, Finland, July 31-August 4, pp. 285-293.
43. Institute of Hydrology, 1993. Low flow estimation in the United Kingdom. IH Report 108. Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
44. Jansons, V. Latvia University of Agriculture. Personal Communication.
45. Jansons, V., Vagstad, N., Sudars, R., Deelstra, J., Dzalbe, I., Kirsteina, D., 2002. Nutrient losses from point and diffuse agricultural sources in Latvia. Landbauforschung Völkenrode 1 (52), 9-17.
46. Jansson, M., Andersson, R., Berggren, H., Leonardson, L., 1994a. Wetlands and lakes as nitrogen traps. Ambio 23, 320-325.
47. Jansson, M., Leonardson, L., Fejes, J., 1994b. Denitrification and nitrogen retention in a farmland stream in Southern Sweden. Ambio 23, 326-331.
48. Juhna, T., Klavins, M., 2001. Water quality changes in Latvia and Riga 1980-2000: possibilities and constraints. Ambio 30, 306-314.
49. Kauppi, L., 1978. Effect of drainage basin characteristics on the diffuse load of phosphorus and nitrogen, Publications of the Water Research Institute, National Boards of Waters, Finland 30, pp. 21-41.
50. Keeney, D.R., DeLuca, T.H., 1980. Des Moines River nitrate in relation to watershed agricultural practices: 1945 versus 1980s. Journal of Environmental Quality 22, 267-272.
51. Lääne, A., Pitkänen, H., Arheimer, B., Behrendt, H., Jarosinski, W., Lucane, S., Pachel, K., Ræike, A., Shekhovtsov, A., Svendsen, L., Valotka, S., 2002. Evaluation of the implementation of the 1988 Ministerial Declaration regarding nutrient load reductions in the Baltic Sea catchment area, Finnish Environment 524, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, 195 pp.
52. Latvian Environment Agency, 2002. Environmental indicators in Latvia, 2002. Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
53. Laznik, M., Stålnacke, P., Grimvall, A., Wittgren, H.B., 1999. Riverine input of nutrients to the Gulf of Riga - temporal and spatial variability. Journal of Marine Systems 23, 11-25.
54. Liang, B.C., Remillard, M., MacKenzie, A.F., 1991. Influence of fertilizer, irrigation, and non-growing season precipitation on soil nitrate-nitrogen under corn. Journal of Environmental Quality 20, 123-128.
55. Libiseller, C., Grimvall, A., 2002. Performance of partial Mann-Kendall tests for trend detection in the presence of covariates. Environmetrics 13, 71-84.
56. Lidèn, R., Vasilyev, A., Loigu, E., Stålnacke, P., Wittgren, H.B., 1999. Nitrogen source apportionment using a physically and statistically based model. Ecological Modelling 114, 235-250.
57. Löfgren, S., Gustafson, A., Steineck, S., Stålnacke, P., 1999. Agricultural development and nutrient flows in the Baltic states and Sweden after 1988. Ambio 28, 320-327.
58. Loftis, J.C., Taylor, C.H., Chapman, P.L., 1991. Multivariate test for trend in water quality. Water Resources Research 27 (7), 1419-1429.
59. Loigu, E., 1989. Evaluation of the impact of nonpoint source pollution on the chemical composition of water in small streams and measures for the enhancement of water quality. In: Laikari, V.H., (Ed.), River Basin Management, Proceedings of an IAWPRC Conference, Rovaniemi, Finland, 31 July-4 August, 1998, 1989., pp. 213-217.
60. Mander, U., Kull, A., Kuusemets, V., Tamm, T., 2000. Nutrient runoff dynamics in a rural catchment: influence of land-use changes, climatic fluctuations and ecotechnological measures. Ecological Engineering 14, 405-417.
61. Matisone, G., Laznik, M., 1994. Variations in the loadings and riverine transport of nitrate and nitrite in Latvia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29, 484-490.
62. Neill, M., 1989. Nitrate concentrations in river waters in the South-East of Ireland and their relationships with agricultural practice. Water Research 23, 1339-1355.
63. Oenema, O., Roest, C.W.J., 1998. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture into surface water; the effects of policies and measures in the Netherlands. Water Science and Technology 37, 19-30.
64. Oláh, J., Oláh, M., 1996. Improving landscape nitrogen metabolism in the Hungarian lowlands. Ambio 25, 331-335.
65. Øygarden, L., 2000. Soil erosion in small agricultural catchments, south-eastern Norway, vol. 8. PhD Thesis. Agricultural University of Norway 2000, 167 pp.
66. Ozolins, P., 1994. Environmental problems and policy instruments in Latvian agriculture and forestry. In: Eckerberg, K., et al. (Eds.), Comparing Nordic and Baltic countries - environmental problems and policies in agriculture and forestry. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, Denmark, TemaNord 1994:572, pp. 140-159.
67. Pekarova, P., Pekar, J., 1996. The impact of land use on stream water quality in Slovakia. Journal of Hydrology 180, 333-350.
68. Prochàzkovà, L., Blǎzka, P., Kopàcek, J., 1996. Impact of diffuse pollution on water quality of the Vltava river (Slapy Reservoir), Czech Republic. Water Science and Technology 33, 145-152.
69. Reimann, C., Siewers, U., Tarvainen, T., Bityukova, L., Eriksson, J., Gilucis, A., Gregorauskiene, V., Lukashev, V., Matinian, N.N., Pasieczna, A., 2000. Baltic soil survey: total concentrations of major and selected trace elements in arable soils from 10 countries around the Baltic Sea. The Science of the Total Environment 257, 155-170.
70. Rekolainen, S., 1989. Phosphorus and nitrogen load from forest and agricultural areas in Finland. Aqua Fennica 19, 95-107.
71. Rekolainen, S., Leek, R. (Eds.), 1996. Regionalisation of erosion and nitrate losses from agricultural land in the Nordic countries, TemaNord 1996:615, 68. The Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, 68 pp.
72. Schröder, H., 1985. Nitrogen losses from Danish agriculture -trends and consequences. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 14, 279-289.
73. Schulz, M., Kozerski, H.P., Pluntke, T., Rinke, K., 2003. The influence of macrophytes on sedimentation and nutrient retention in the lower river Spree (Germany). Water Research 37, 569-578.
74. Seitzinger, S., Styles, R.V., Boyer, E.W., Alexander, R.B., Billen, G., Howarth, R.W., Mayer, B., van Breemen, N., 2002. Nitrogen retention in rivers: model development and application to watersheds in the northeastern USA. Biogeochemistry 57/58, 199-237.
75. Sharpley, A.N., Withers, P.J.A., 1994. The environmentally sound management of agricultural phosphorus. Fertiliser Research 39, 133-146.
76. Sibbesen, E., Schønning, P., Hansen, A.C., Nielsen, J.D., 1994. Surface runoff, erosion and loss of phosphorus relative to soil physical factors as influenced by tillage and cropping systems. In: Jenssen, H.E., Schønning, P., Mikkelsen, S.A., Madsen, K.B. (Eds.), Soil tillage for crop production and protection of the environment, Proceedings of the 13th International ISTRO Conference, Denmark, vol. 1, pp. 245-250.
77. Sjodin, A.L., Lewis, W.M., Saunders, J.F., 1997. Denitrification as a component of the nitrogen budget for a large plains river. Biogeochemistry 39 (3), 327-342.
78. Smith, R.V., Foy, R.H., Lennox, S.D., 1994. Mathematical modelling techniques to evaluate the impact of phosphorus reduction on phosphate loads to Lough Neagh. In: Barnett, V., Turkman, K.F. (Eds.), Statistics for the environment: water related issues, Wiley, London, pp. 271-284.
79. Stålnacke, P., Grimvall, A., 2001. Semiparametric approaches to flow-normalisation and source apportionment of substance transports in rivers. Environmetrics 12, 233-250.
80. Stålnacke, P., Tamminen, T., Vagstad, N., Wassmann, P., Loigu, E., Jansons, V., 1999. Nutrient runoff and transfer from land and rivers to the Gulf of Riga. Hydrobiologia 410, 103-110.
81. Stålnacke, P., Vagstad, N., Kokorite, I., Laznik, M., Jansons, V., Butina, M., 2002. Nutrient retention in the Latvian part of the Daugava river basin. Jordforsk Report No. 24/02, Ås, Norway.
82. Stow, C.A., Borsuk, M.E., Stanley, D.W., 2001. Long-term changes in watershed nutrient inputs and riverine exports in the Neuse River, North Carolina. Water Research 25, 1489-1499.
83. Sutton, M.A., Place, C.J., Eager, M., Fowler, D., Smith, R.I., 1995. Assessment of the magnitude of ammonia emissions in the United Kingdom. Atmospheric Environment 29, 1393-1411.
84. Svendsen, L.-M., Kronvang, B., Kristensen, P., Græsbøl, P., 1995. Dynamics of phosphorus compounds in a lowland river system: importance of retention and non-point sources. Hydrological Processes 9, 119-142.
85. Thomas, G.W., Haszler, G.R., Crutchfield, J.D., 1992. Nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus in seven Kentucky streams draining small agricultural watersheds: eighteen years later. Journal of Environmental Quality 21, 147-150.
86. Tomlinson, T.-E., 1970. Trends in nitrate concentrations in English rivers in relation to fertilizer use. Water Treatment and Examination 19, 277-293.
87. Tonderski, A., 1997. Control of nutrient fluxes in large river basins. PhD Thesis. Linköping Studies in Arts and Science No. 157, Motala, Sweden, 50 pp.
88. Tsirkunov, V.-V., Nikanorov, A.-M., Laznik, M.-M., Dongwei, Z., 1992. Analysis of long-term and seasonal river water quality changes in Latvia. Water Research 26, 1203-1216.
89. Tumas, R., 2000. Evaluation and prediction of nonpoint pollution in Lithuania. Ecological Engineering 14, 443-451.
90. Uhlen, G., 1989. Surface runoff losses of phosphorus and other nutrient elements from fertilised grasslands. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, 47-55.
91. Ulèn, B., Johansson, G., Kyllmar, K., 2001. Model predictions and long-term trends in phosphorus transport from arable lands in Sweden. Agricultural Water Management 49, 197-210.
92. UN-ECE, 1999. Environmental performance reviews - Latvia. Economic Commission for Europe. Committee on Environmental Policy. United Nations Publication, New York and Geneva, 175 pp.
93. Vagstad, N., Jansons, V., Loigu, E., Deelstra, J., 2000. Nutrient losses from agricultural areas in the Gulf of Riga drainage basin. Ecological Engineering 14, 435-441.
94. Vagstad, N., Stålnacke, P., Andersen, H.-E., Deelstra, J., Gustafson, A., Ital, A., Jansons, V., Kyllmar, K., Loigu, E., Rekolainen, S., Tumas, R., Vuorenmaa, J., 2001. Nutrient losses from agriculture in the Nordic and Baltic countries - results of measurements in small agricultural catchments and national agro-environmental statistics. TemaNord 2001:591. The Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, 74 pp.
95. Vodogrecky, B.E. (Ed.), 1969. Resources of surface waters of USSR, vol. 4, Latvia, Leningrad, (in Russian), 404 pp.
96. Záková, Z., Bránková, D., Kocková, E., Kríz, P., 1993. Influence of diffuse pollution on the eutrophication and water quality of reservoirs in the Morava river basin. Water Science and Technology 28, 79-90.
97. Zhou, Q., Gibson, C.E., Foy, R.H., 2000. Long-term changes of nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to a large lake in North-West Ireland. Water Research 34 (3), 922-926.