Nutrient status of Baltic Sea ice: Evidence for control by snow-ice formation, ice permeability, and ice algae

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 108, Issue 8, 2003, Pages

  Granskog, M A ^a   Kaartokallio, H ^b   Shirasawa, K ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b FINNISH INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH   (Finland)

^c HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Atmospheric nutrient deposition; Baltic Sea; Deposition; Nutrient dynamics; Sea ice; Sea ice algea

Indexed keywords

ICE ALGA; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; PERMEABILITY; SEA ICE;

BALTIC SEA;

EID: 0345415101     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2002jc001386     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Alasaarela, E., and U. Myllymaa, Investigations into the dispersal of river and waste waters in the Bothnian Bay in 1975-1977, Finn. Mar. Res., 244, 173-182, 1978.
2. Clarke, D. B., and S. F. Ackley, Sea ice structure and biological activity in the Antarctic marginal ice zone, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 2087-2095, 1984.
3. Frankenstein, G., and R. Garner, Equations for determining the brine volume of sea ice from -0.5° to -22.9°C, J. Glaciol., 6, 943-944, 1967.
4. Fritsen, C. H., V. I. Lytle, S. F. Ackley, and C. W. Sullivan, Autumn bloom of Antarctic pack-ice algae, Science, 266, 782-784, 1994.
5. Garrison, D. L., A. R. Close, and L. I. Gordon, Nutrient concentrations in Antarctic pack ice during the austral winter, CRREL Monogr. 90-1, pp. 35-40, Cold Reg. Res. and Eng. Lab., Hanover, N. H., 1990.
6. Golden, K. M., S. F. Ackley, and V. I. Lytle. The percolation phase transition in sea ice, Science, 282, 2238-2241, 1998.
7. Granat, L., Deposition of nitrate and ammonium from the atmosphere to the Baltic Sea, in A Systems Analysis of the Baltic Sea, edited by F. Wulff, L. Rahm, and P. Larsson, pp. 133-148. Springer-Verlag, New York. 2001.
8. Grasshoff, K., M. Ehrhardt, and K. Kremling. Methods of Seawater Analysis, 2nd ed., Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Germany, 1983.
9. Haecky, P., and A. Andersson, Primary and bacterial production in sea ice in the northern Baltic Sea, Aquat. Microbiol. Ecol., 20, 107-118, 1999.
10. Haecky, P., S. Jonsson, and A. Andersson, Influence of sea ice on the composition of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the northern Baltic Sea, Polar Biol., 20, 1-8, 1998.
11. HELCOM, Guidelines for the Baltic Monitoring programme third stage: part D. Biological determinands, Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. 27D, Helsinki Comm., 1988.
12. Hudier, E., and G. Ingram, Small scale melt processes governing the flushing of nutrients from a first-year sea ice, Hudson Bay, Canada, Oceanol. Acta, 17(4), 397-403, 1994.
13. Jeffries, M. O., R. A. Shaw, K. Morris, A. L. Veazey, and H. R. Krouse, Crystal structure, stable isotopes, and development of sea ice in the Ross, Amundsen, and Bellingshausen seas, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 985-995, 1994.
14. Jones, H. G., Snow chemistry and biological activity: A particular perspective of nutrient cycling, in Seasonal Snow Covers: Processes for Compositional Change, edited by T. D. Davies, M. Tranter, and H. G. Jones, pp. 21-66, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991.
15. Kaartokallio, H., Evidence for active microbial nitrogen transformations in sea ice (Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea) in midwinter, Polar Biol., 24, 21-28, 2001.
16. Kawamura, T., K. Shirasawa, N. Ishikawa, A. Lindfors, K. Rasmus, M. A. Granskog, J. Ehn, M. Leppäranta, T. Martma, and R. Vaikmäe, Time-series observations of the structure and properties of brackish ice in the Gulf of Finland, Ann. Glaciol., 33, 1-4, 2001.
17. Kirst, G. O., and C. Wiencke, Ecophysiology of polar algae, J. Phycol., 31, 181-199, 1995.
18. Kivi, K., S. Kaitala, H. Kuosa, J. Kuparinen, E. Leskinen, R. Lignell, B. Marcussen, and T. Tamminen, Nutrient limitation and grazing control of the Baltic plankton community during annual succession, Limnol. Oceanogr., 38(5), 893-905, 1993.
19. Krembs, C., T. Mock, and R. Gradinger, A mesocosm study of physical-biological interactions in artificial sea ice: Effects of brine channel surface evolution and brine movement on algal biomass, Polar Biol., 24, 356-364, 2001.
20. Lange, M. A., Basic properties of Antarctic sea ice as revealed by textural analysis of ice cores, Ann. Glaciol., 10, 95-101, 1988.
21. 18O concentrations in sea ice of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 36(124), 315-323, 1990.
22. Legendre, L., M.-J. Martineau, J.-C. Therriault, and S. Demers, Chlorophyll a biomass and growth of sea-ice microalgae along a salinity gradient (southeastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic), Polar Biol., 12, 445-453, 1992.
23. Leppäranta, M., and T. Manninen, The brine and gas content of sea ice with attention to low salinities and high temperatures, Internal Rep., 88-2, Finn. Inst. Mar. Res., Helsinki, 1988.
24. Mock, T., K. M. Meiners, and H. C. Giesenhagen, Bacteria in sea ice and underlying brackish water at 54°26′50∫N (Baltic Sea, Kiel Bight). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 158, 23-40, 1997.
25. Norman, B., and A. Andersson, Development of ice biota in temperate sea area (Gulf of Bothnia), Polar Biol., 14, 531-537, 1994.
26. Rahm, L., B. Håkansson, P. Larsson, E. Fogelqvist, G. Bremle, and J. Valderrama, Nutrient and persistent pollutant deposition on the Bothnian Bay ice and snow fields, Water Air Soil Pollut., 84(1-2), 187-201, 1995.
27. Reay, D. S., D. B. Nedwell, J. Priddle, and J. C. Ellis-Evans, Temperature dependence of inorganic nitrogen uptake: Reduced affinity for nitrate at suboptimal temperatures in both algae and bacteria, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65(6), 2577-2584, 1999.
28. Redfield, A. C., B. H. Ketchum, and F. A. Richards, The influence of organisms on the composition of sea water, in The Sea, vol. 2, edited by M. N. Hill, pp. 1-216, John Wiley, New York, 1963.