메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 241-263

Explanations of the fertility crisis in modern societies: A search for commonalities

Author keywords

Developed countries; Europe; Fertility decline; Low fertility population; Population law; Population policy; Population replacement; Population theory; Pronatalist policy; Social policy

Indexed keywords

BIRTH RATE; DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION; POPULATION POLICY; REPLACEMENT; SOCIAL POLICY; WESTERN WORLD;

EID: 0345414475     PISSN: 00324728     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0032472032000137790     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (144)

References (149)
  • 1
    • 0345371966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of fertility patterns of European immigrants in Australia with those in the countries of origin
    • Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammed Jalal and Peter McDonald. 2002. A comparison of fertility patterns of European immigrants in Australia with those in the countries of origin, Genus 58(1): 53-76.
    • (2002) Genus , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-76
    • Abbasi-Shavazi, M.J.1    McDonald, P.2
  • 2
    • 0035624815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Job bust, baby bust? Evidence from Spain
    • Ahn, Namkee and Pedro Mira. 2001. Job bust, baby bust? Evidence from Spain, Journal of Population Economics 14(3): 505-521.
    • (2001) Journal of Population Economics , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 505-521
    • Ahn, N.1    Mira, P.2
  • 3
    • 0031848926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly restricted fertility: Very small families in the British fertility decline
    • Anderson, Michael. 1998. Highly restricted fertility: very small families in the British fertility decline, Population Studies 52(2): 177-199.
    • (1998) Population Studies , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-199
    • Anderson, M.1
  • 5
    • 0019181642 scopus 로고
    • Two successive motivations for the declining birth rate in the West
    • Ariès, Philippe. 1980. Two successive motivations for the declining birth rate in the West, Population and Development Review 6(4): 645-650.
    • (1980) Population and Development Review , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 645-650
    • Ariès, P.1
  • 9
    • 0031745806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Mediterranean perspective on the breakdown of the relationship between participation and fertility
    • Bettio, Francesca and Paola Villa. 1998. A Mediterranean perspective on the breakdown of the relationship between participation and fertility, Cambridge Journal of Economics 22: 137-171.
    • (1998) Cambridge Journal of Economics , vol.22 , pp. 137-171
    • Bettio, F.1    Villa, P.2
  • 10
    • 0010771467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of union formation dynamics on first births in West Germany and Italy: Are there signs of convergence?
    • E. Klijking and M. Corijn (eds.), New York/Geneva: United Nations
    • Billari, Francesco C. and Hans-Peter Kohler. 2000. The impact of union formation dynamics on first births in West Germany and Italy: are there signs of convergence?, in E. Klijking and M. Corijn (eds.), Fertility and Partnership in Europe: Findings and Lessons from Comparative Research, Volume 2. New York/Geneva: United Nations, pp. 43-58.
    • (2000) Fertility and Partnership in Europe: Findings and Lessons from Comparative Research , vol.2 , pp. 43-58
    • Billari, F.C.1    Kohler, H.-P.2
  • 13
    • 1942538062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertility and reproductive preferences in post-transitional societies
    • R. A. Bulatao and J. B. Casterline (eds.)
    • Bongaarts, John. 2001. Fertility and reproductive preferences in post-transitional societies, in R. A. Bulatao and J. B. Casterline (eds.), Global Fertility Transition, Supplement to Population and Development Review 27: 260-281.
    • (2001) Global Fertility Transition, Supplement to Population and Development Review , vol.27 , pp. 260-281
    • Bongaarts, J.1
  • 14
    • 0036761121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The end of fertility transition in the developed world
    • Bongaarts, John. 2002. The end of fertility transition in the developed world, Population and Development Review 28(3): 419-443.
    • (2002) Population and Development Review , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 419-443
    • Bongaarts, J.1
  • 15
    • 0344509799 scopus 로고
    • An explanation of the continued fertility decline in the West: Stages, succession and crisis
    • John C. Caldwell, London: Academic Press
    • Caldwell, John C. 1982. An explanation of the continued fertility decline in the West: stages, succession and crisis, in John C. Caldwell, Theory of Fertility Decline. London: Academic Press, pp. 233-266.
    • (1982) Theory of Fertility Decline , pp. 233-266
    • Caldwell, J.C.1
  • 16
    • 0344509791 scopus 로고
    • The contemporary marriage and fertility revolutions in the West: The explanations provided by Australian participants
    • Caldwell, John C., Pat Caldwell, Michael Bracher, and Gigi Santow. 1988. The contemporary marriage and fertility revolutions in the West: the explanations provided by Australian participants, Journal of the Australian Population Association 5(2): 113-145.
    • (1988) Journal of the Australian Population Association , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-145
    • Caldwell, J.C.1    Caldwell, P.2    Bracher, M.3    Santow, G.4
  • 18
    • 84937379689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy responses to low fertility and its consequences: A global survey
    • Caldwell, John C., Pat Caldwell, and Peter McDonald. 2002. Policy responses to low fertility and its consequences: a global survey, Journal of Population Research 19(1): 1-24.
    • (2002) Journal of Population Research , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-24
    • Caldwell, J.C.1    Caldwell, P.2    McDonald, P.3
  • 19
    • 0344940669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10t. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund
    • Cameiro, Isabella and Lisbeth B. Knudsen. 2001. Denmark: Comparable FFS-data. Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10t. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund.
    • (2001) Denmark: Comparable FFS-data
    • Cameiro, I.1    Knudsen, L.B.2
  • 20
    • 0008093871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertility regulation in a declining state economy: Bulgaria, 1976-1995
    • Carlson, Elwood and Megumi Omori. 1998. Fertility regulation in a declining state economy: Bulgaria, 1976-1995, International Family Planning Perspectives 24(4): 184-187.
    • (1998) International Family Planning Perspectives , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 184-187
    • Carlson, E.1    Omori, M.2
  • 21
    • 84980304696 scopus 로고
    • On religion and public policy: Does Catholicism make a difference?
    • Castles, Francis G. 1994. On religion and public policy: does Catholicism make a difference?, European Journal of Political Research 25(1): 19-40.
    • (1994) European Journal of Political Research , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-40
    • Castles, F.G.1
  • 24
    • 0030404281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertility, family and social policy in contemporary Western Europe
    • Chesnais, Jean-Claude. 1996. Fertility, family and social policy in contemporary Western Europe, Population and Development Review 22(4): 729-739.
    • (1996) Population and Development Review , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 729-739
    • Chesnais, J.-C.1
  • 25
    • 0344940672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment: A march toward population recession
    • R. A. Bulatao and J. B. Casterline (eds.)
    • Chesnais, Jean-Claude. 2001. Comment: a march toward population recession, in R. A. Bulatao and J. B. Casterline (eds.), Global Fertility Transition, pp. 255-259.
    • (2001) Global Fertility Transition , pp. 255-259
    • Chesnais, J.-C.1
  • 27
    • 0030455458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • East German fertility after unification: Crisis or adaption?
    • Conrad, Christoph, Michael Lechner, and Wolf Werner. 1996. East German fertility after unification: crisis or adaption?, Population and Development Review 22(2): 331-358.
    • (1996) Population and Development Review , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 331-358
    • Conrad, C.1    Lechner, M.2    Werner, W.3
  • 28
    • 0032107762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late marriage among young people: The case of Italy and Japan
    • Dalla Zuanna, Gianpiero, Makoto Atoh, Maria Castiglioni, and Katsuhisa Kojima. 1998. Late marriage among young people: the case of Italy and Japan, Genus 54(3-4): 187-232.
    • (1998) Genus , vol.54 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 187-232
    • Dalla Zuanna, G.1    Atoh, M.2    Castiglioni, M.3    Kojima, K.4
  • 29
    • 36749065219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The banquet of Aeolus: A familistic interpretation of Italy's lowest low fertility
    • Dalla Zuanna, Gianpiero. 2001. The banquet of Aeolus: a familistic interpretation of Italy's lowest low fertility, Demographic Research 4(5): 133-162.
    • (2001) Demographic Research , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 133-162
    • Dalla Zuanna, G.1
  • 30
    • 0344509802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender dynamics on sex within young Italian couples
    • Milazzo, 20-22 June 2002
    • Dalla Zuanna, Gianpiero and Letizia Mencarini. 2002. Gender dynamics on sex within young Italian couples. Paper presented to Seminario Internazionale di Studio, Milazzo, 20-22 June 2002.
    • (2002) Seminario Internazionale Di Studio
    • Dalla Zuanna, G.1    Mencarini, L.2
  • 32
    • 0021578704 scopus 로고
    • Wives and work: Consequences of the sex role revolution
    • Davis, Kingsley. 1984. Wives and work: consequences of the sex role revolution, Population and Development Review 10(3): 397-417.
    • (1984) Population and Development Review , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 397-417
    • Davis, K.1
  • 33
    • 84977285094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive institutions and the pressure for population
    • [1937]. July 1937: reprinted as 'Kingsley Davis on reproductive institutions and the pressure for population', Archives, Population and Development Review 23(3): 611-624
    • Davis, Kingsley. 1997 [1937]. Reproductive institutions and the pressure for population, Sociological Review July 1937: 289-306, reprinted as 'Kingsley Davis on reproductive institutions and the pressure for population', Archives, Population and Development Review 23(3): 611-624.
    • (1997) Sociological Review , pp. 289-306
    • Davis, K.1
  • 34
    • 0344940670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard Country Reports, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10i. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund
    • Delgado, Margarita and Teresa Castro Martin. 1999. Spain. Standard Country Reports, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10i. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund.
    • (1999) Spain
    • Delgado, M.1    Martin, T.C.2
  • 35
    • 0026889397 scopus 로고
    • Fertility in Italy and Spain: The lowest in the world
    • 171
    • Delgado Pérez, Margarita and Massimo Livi-Bacci. 1992. Fertility in Italy and Spain: the lowest in the world, Family Planning Perspectives 24(4): 162-167, 171.
    • (1992) Family Planning Perspectives , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 162-167
    • Delgado Pérez, M.1    Livi-Bacci, M.2
  • 36
    • 0002536448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replacement-level fertility: The implausible endpoint of the demographic transition
    • G. W. Jones et al. (eds.), Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • Demeny, Paul. 1997. Replacement-level fertility: the implausible endpoint of the demographic transition, in G. W. Jones et al. (eds.), The Continuing Demographic Transition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 94-110.
    • (1997) The Continuing Demographic Transition , pp. 94-110
    • Demeny, P.1
  • 37
    • 0037741457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population policy dilemmas in Europe at the dawn of the twenty-first century
    • Demeny, Paul. 2003. Population policy dilemmas in Europe at the dawn of the twenty-first century, Population and Development Review 29(1): 1-28.
    • (2003) Population and Development Review , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-28
    • Demeny, P.1
  • 38
    • 51049084993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Yerevan: National Statistical Service and Ministry of Health, and Calverton, MD: ORC Macro
    • Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). 2001. Armenia: Demographic and Health Survey 2000. Yerevan: National Statistical Service and Ministry of Health, and Calverton, MD: ORC Macro.
    • (2001) Armenia: Demographic and Health Survey 2000
  • 39
    • 0013453828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of fertility in Italy and factors of its decline
    • De Sandre, Paolo. 2000. Patterns of fertility in Italy and factors of its decline, Genus 56(1-2): 19-54.
    • (2000) Genus , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 19-54
    • De Sandre, P.1
  • 41
    • 0027943984 scopus 로고
    • Demographic shocks after communism: Eastern Germany, 1989-93
    • Eberstadt, Nicholas. 1994. Demographic shocks after communism: Eastern Germany, 1989-93, Population and Development Review 20(1): 137-152.
    • (1994) Population and Development Review , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 137-152
    • Eberstadt, N.1
  • 42
    • 0344509797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Employment costs
    • Unemployment
    • Economist, The. 2002a. Employment costs, Unemployment, 365(8299): 92.
    • (2002) Economist, The. , vol.365 , Issue.8299 , pp. 92
  • 43
    • 0344509797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unemployment
    • Economist, The. 2002b. Unemployment, 365(8301): 92.
    • (2002) Economist, The. , vol.365 , Issue.8301 , pp. 92
  • 44
    • 0002639368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welfare states without work: The impasse of labour shedding and familialism in Continental European social policy
    • G. Esping-Andersen (ed.), London: Sage
    • Esping-Andersen, Gøsta. 1996. Welfare states without work: the impasse of labour shedding and familialism in Continental European social policy, in G. Esping-Andersen (ed.), Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptions in Global Economics. London: Sage, pp. 66-87.
    • (1996) Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptions in Global Economics , pp. 66-87
    • Esping-Andersen, G.1
  • 45
    • 84937342316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cohort reproductive patterns in the Nordic countries
    • Frejka, Tomas and Gérard Calot. 2001. Cohort reproductive patterns in the Nordic countries, Demographic Research 5: 125-186.
    • (2001) Demographic Research , vol.5 , pp. 125-186
    • Frejka, T.1    Calot, G.2
  • 46
    • 0008873996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paths to subreplacement fertility: The empirical evidence
    • R. A. Bulatao and J. B. Casterline (eds.)
    • Frejka, Tomas and John Ross. 2001. Paths to subreplacement fertility: the empirical evidence, in R. A. Bulatao and J. B. Casterline (eds.), Global Fertility Transition, pp. 213-254.
    • (2001) Global Fertility Transition , pp. 213-254
    • Frejka, T.1    Ross, J.2
  • 47
    • 0344509789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gallup Organization. Special Reports, Gallup Poll News Service
    • Gallup Organization. 1997. Global study of family values. Special Reports, Gallup Poll News Service.
    • (1997) Global Study of Family Values
  • 49
    • 0344509787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family policies in industrialized countries: Is there convergence?
    • English edition
    • Gauthier, Anne H. 2002. Family policies in industrialized countries: is there convergence?, Population (English edition) 57(3): 447-474.
    • (2002) Population , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 447-474
    • Gauthier, A.H.1
  • 50
    • 0344509788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of the welfare state
    • V. George and P. Taylor-Gooby (eds.), New York: St Martin's Press
    • George, Vic. 1996. The future of the welfare state, in V. George and P. Taylor-Gooby (eds.), European Welfare Policy: Squaring the Welfare Circle. New York: St Martin's Press, pp. 1-30.
    • (1996) European Welfare Policy: Squaring the Welfare Circle , pp. 1-30
    • George, V.1
  • 51
    • 0030071796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abortion policy and practice in Greece
    • Georges, Eugenia. 1996. Abortion policy and practice in Greece, Social Science and Medicine 42(4): 509-519.
    • (1996) Social Science and Medicine , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 509-519
    • Georges, E.1
  • 52
    • 0022929438 scopus 로고
    • The demographic revolution in England: A re-examination
    • Goldstone, J. A. 1986. The demographic revolution in England: a re-examination, Population Studies 40(1): 5-33.
    • (1986) Population Studies , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-33
    • Goldstone, J.A.1
  • 53
    • 0003348229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The East Asian welfare states: Peripatetic learning, adaptive change, and nation building
    • G. Esping-Andersen (ed.), Economics London: Sage
    • Goodman, Roger and Ito Peng. 1996. The East Asian welfare states: peripatetic learning, adaptive change, and nation building, in G. Esping-Andersen (ed.), Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptions in Global Economics. London: Sage, pp. 192-224.
    • (1996) Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptions in Global , pp. 192-224
    • Goodman, R.1    Peng, I.2
  • 56
    • 0030478466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing family systems in Europe and Asia: Are there different sets of rules?
    • Goody, Jack. 1996. Comparing family systems in Europe and Asia: are there different sets of rules?, Population and Development Review 22(1): 1-20.
    • (1996) Population and Development Review , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Goody, J.1
  • 57
    • 24844479477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region. Economic Studies No. 10b. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission of Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund
    • Granström, Fredrik. 1997. Sweden. Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region. Economic Studies No. 10b. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission of Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund.
    • (1997) Sweden
    • Granström, F.1
  • 58
    • 85067504079 scopus 로고
    • European marriage patterns in perspective
    • David V. Glass and David E. C. Eversley (eds.), London: Edward Arnold
    • Hajnal, John. 1965. European marriage patterns in perspective, in David V. Glass and David E. C. Eversley (eds.), Population in History. London: Edward Arnold, pp. 101-143.
    • (1965) Population in History , pp. 101-143
    • Hajnal, J.1
  • 59
    • 0020424114 scopus 로고
    • Two kinds of preindustrial household formation system
    • Hajnal, John. 1982. Two kinds of preindustrial household formation system, Population and Development Review 8(3): 449-494.
    • (1982) Population and Development Review , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 449-494
    • Hajnal, J.1
  • 60
    • 34247809992 scopus 로고
    • Grateful slaves and self-made women: Fact and fantasy in women's work orientations
    • Hakim, Catherine. 1991. Grateful slaves and self-made women: fact and fantasy in women's work orientations, European Sociological Review 7(2): 101-121.
    • (1991) European Sociological Review , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-121
    • Hakim, C.1
  • 61
    • 0001272719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing a sociology for the twenty-first century: Preference Theory
    • Hakim, Catherine. 1998. Developing a sociology for the twenty-first century: Preference Theory, British Journal of Sociology 40(1): 137-143.
    • (1998) British Journal of Sociology , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 137-143
    • Hakim, C.1
  • 62
    • 0025621112 scopus 로고
    • Germany's population: Turbulent past, uncertain future
    • Heilig, Gerhard, Thomas Büttner, and Wolfgang Lutz. 1990. Germany's population: turbulent past, uncertain future, Population Bulletin 45(4): 1-46.
    • (1990) Population Bulletin , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-46
    • Heilig, G.1    Büttner, T.2    Lutz, W.3
  • 64
    • 0030428632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertility in England and Wales: A fifty-year perspective
    • Hobcraft, John. 1996. Fertility in England and Wales: a fifty-year perspective, Population Studies 50(3): 485-524.
    • (1996) Population Studies , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 485-524
    • Hobcraft, J.1
  • 65
    • 84995530973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working mothers in Great Britain and Spain: A preliminary analysis
    • Manchester: Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research, Faculty of Economics, University of Manchester
    • Holdsworth, Clare and Angela Dale. 1999. Working mothers in Great Britain and Spain: a preliminary analysis, CCSR Occasional Paper 14. Manchester: Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research, Faculty of Economics, University of Manchester.
    • (1999) CCSR Occasional Paper 14
    • Holdsworth, C.1    Dale, A.2
  • 66
    • 0344078662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10d. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund
    • Holzer, Jerzy Z. and Irena Kowalska. 1997. Poland. Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10d. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund.
    • (1997) Poland
    • Holzer, J.Z.1    Kowalska, I.2
  • 67
    • 0042873008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic changes, labor effort and economic growth: Empirical evidence from Greece
    • Hondroyiannis, George and Evangelia Papapetrou. 2001. Demographic changes, labor effort and economic growth: empirical evidence from Greece, Journal of Policy Modeling 23: 169-181.
    • (2001) Journal of Policy Modeling , vol.23 , pp. 169-181
    • Hondroyiannis, G.1    Papapetrou, E.2
  • 68
    • 0002191333 scopus 로고
    • Gender, social inequality, and family formation in West Germany
    • K. O. Mason and A.-M. Jensen (eds.), Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • Huinink, Johannes and Karl Ulrich Mayer. 1995. Gender, social inequality, and family formation in West Germany, in K. O. Mason and A.-M. Jensen (eds.), Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 168-194.
    • (1995) Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries , pp. 168-194
    • Huinink, J.1    Mayer, K.U.2
  • 72
    • 0344509786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in fertility patterns in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the period of transition (1990-1999)
    • Helsinki, 7-9 June 2001
    • Kalibová, Květa. 2001. Changes in fertility patterns in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the period of transition (1990-1999). Paper presented at European Association for Population Study (EAPS) Population Conference, Helsinki, 7-9 June 2001.
    • (2001) European Association for Population Study (EAPS) Population Conference
    • Kalibová, K.1
  • 73
    • 24844469244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund
    • Kamarás, Ferenc. 1999. Hungary. Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund.
    • (1999) Hungary
    • Kamarás, F.1
  • 74
    • 0344940662 scopus 로고
    • Familienpolitik in Europa
    • Bundesministerium für Familie und Senioren (ed.) Neuwied: Luchterhand
    • Kaufmann, Franz Xaver. 1993. Familienpolitik in Europa, in Bundesministerium für Familie und Senioren (ed.), 40 Jahre Familienpolitik in der BRD. Neuwied: Luchterhand, pp. 141-167.
    • (1993) 40 Jahre Familienpolitik in Der BRD , pp. 141-167
    • Kaufmann, F.X.1
  • 76
    • 0010411115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a theory of lowest-low fertility
    • Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock
    • Kohler, Hans-Peter, Francesco C. Billari, and José Antonio Ortega. 2001. Towards a theory of lowest-low fertility. MPIDR Working Paper 2001-032, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock.
    • (2001) MPIDR Working Paper 2001-032
    • Kohler, H.-P.1    Billari, F.C.2    Ortega, J.A.3
  • 77
    • 0037004468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of lowest-low fertility in Europe during the 1990s
    • Kohler, Hans-Peter, Francesco C. Billari, and José Antonio Ortega. 2002. The emergence of lowest-low fertility in Europe during the 1990s, Population and Development Review 28(4): 641-680.
    • (2002) Population and Development Review , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 641-680
    • Kohler, H.-P.1    Billari, F.C.2    Ortega, J.A.3
  • 78
    • 0036376539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertility decline in Russia in the early and mid-1990s: The role of economic uncertainty and labour market crises
    • Kohler, Hans-Peter and Iliana Kohler. 2002. Fertility decline in Russia in the early and mid-1990s: the role of economic uncertainty and labour market crises, European Journal of Population 18(3): 233-262.
    • (2002) European Journal of Population , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 233-262
    • Kohler, H.-P.1    Kohler, I.2
  • 79
    • 0001936413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tempo-adjusted period parity progression measures, fertility postponement and completed cohort fertility
    • Kohler, Hans-Peter and José A. Ortega. 2002. Tempo-adjusted period parity progression measures, fertility postponement and completed cohort fertility, Demographic Research 6(6): 91-144.
    • (2002) Demographic Research , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 91-144
    • Kohler, H.-P.1    Ortega, J.A.2
  • 80
    • 84917477763 scopus 로고
    • Ein Jahrhundert Sozialversicherung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Frankreich, Groβbritunnien, Österreich und der Schweiz
    • Schriftenreihe für Internationales und Vergleichendes Sozialrecht Berlin: Duncker & Humboldt
    • Köhler, Peter A. and Hans F. Zacher. 1981. Ein Jahrhundert Sozialversicherung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Frankreich, Groβbritunnien, Österreich und der Schweiz, Schriftenreihe für Internationales und Vergleichendes Sozialrecht Band 6. Berlin: Duncker & Humboldt.
    • (1981) , vol.6
    • Köhler, P.A.1    Zacher, H.F.2
  • 81
    • 0034492432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the availability of child care influence the employment of mothers? Findings from western Germany
    • Kreyenfeld, Michaela and Karsten Hank. 2000. Does the availability of child care influence the employment of mothers? Findings from western Germany, Population Research and Policy Review 19(4): 317-337.
    • (2000) Population Research and Policy Review , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 317-337
    • Kreyenfeld, M.1    Hank, K.2
  • 82
    • 0042826394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time squeeze, partner effect or self-selection. An investigation into the positive effect of women's education on second birth risks in West Germany
    • Kreyenfeld, Michaela. 2002. Time squeeze, partner effect or self-selection. An investigation into the positive effect of women's education on second birth risks in West Germany, Demographic Research 7(2): 15-47.
    • (2002) Demographic Research , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 15-47
    • Kreyenfeld, M.1
  • 83
    • 0030460551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing family patterns in Europe: A case of divergence, European
    • Kuijsten, Anton C. 1996. Changing family patterns in Europe: a case of divergence, European Journal of Population 12(2): 115-143.
    • (1996) Journal of Population , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-143
    • Kuijsten, A.C.1
  • 84
    • 0344940660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germany: Maintaining the middle way
    • V. George and P. Taylor-Gooby (eds.), New York: St Martin's Press
    • Lawson, Roger. 1996. Germany: maintaining the middle way, in V. George and P. Taylor-Gooby (eds.), European Welfare Policy: Squaring the Welfare Circle. New York: St Martin's Press, pp. 31-50.
    • (1996) European Welfare Policy: Squaring the Welfare Circle , pp. 31-50
    • Lawson, R.1
  • 86
    • 0019173311 scopus 로고
    • On the social control of human reproduction
    • Lesthaeghe, Ron. 1980. On the social control of human reproduction, Population and Development Review 6(4): 527-548.
    • (1980) Population and Development Review , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 527-548
    • Lesthaeghe, R.1
  • 87
    • 84926274655 scopus 로고
    • A century of demographic and cultural change in Western Europe
    • Lesthaeghe, Ron. 1983. A century of demographic and cultural change in Western Europe, Population and Development Review 9(3): 411-435.
    • (1983) Population and Development Review , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 411-435
    • Lesthaeghe, R.1
  • 88
    • 0023482858 scopus 로고
    • Value changes and the dimension of familism in the European Community
    • Lesthaeghe, Ron and Dominique Meekers. 1986. Value changes and the dimension of familism in the European Community, European Journal of Population 2: 225-268.
    • (1986) European Journal of Population , vol.2 , pp. 225-268
    • Lesthaeghe, R.1    Meekers, D.2
  • 89
    • 85058458500 scopus 로고
    • Modes of production, secularization, and the pace of the fertility decline in Western Europe, 1870-1930
    • A. J. Coale and S. C. Watkins (eds.), Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Lesthaeghe, Ron and Chris Wilson. 1986. Modes of production, secularization, and the pace of the fertility decline in Western Europe, 1870-1930, in A. J. Coale and S. C. Watkins (eds.), The Decline of Fertility in Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 261-292.
    • (1986) The Decline of Fertility in Europe , pp. 261-292
    • Lesthaeghe, R.1    Wilson, C.2
  • 90
    • 0024162151 scopus 로고
    • Cultural dynamics and economic theories of fertility change
    • Lesthaeghe, Ron and John Surkyn. 1988. Cultural dynamics and economic theories of fertility change, Population and Development Review 14(1): 1-45.
    • (1988) Population and Development Review , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-45
    • Lesthaeghe, R.1    Surkyn, J.2
  • 91
    • 0002115676 scopus 로고
    • The second demographic transition in Western countries: An interpretation
    • K. O. Mason and A.-M. Jensen (eds.), Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • Lesthaeghe, Ron. 1995. The second demographic transition in Western countries: an interpretation, in K. O. Mason and A.-M. Jensen (eds.), Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 17-62.
    • (1995) Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries , pp. 17-62
    • Lesthaeghe, R.1
  • 92
    • 0032697744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is low fertility a temporary phenomenon in the European Union?
    • Lesthaeghe, Ron and Paul Willems. 1999. Is low fertility a temporary phenomenon in the European Union?, Population and Development Review 25(2): 211-228.
    • (1999) Population and Development Review , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-228
    • Lesthaeghe, R.1    Willems, R.2
  • 94
    • 84937327078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender equity, social institutions and the future of fertility
    • McDonald, Peter. 2000a. Gender equity, social institutions and the future of fertility, Journal of Population Research 17(1): 1-16.
    • (2000) Journal of Population Research , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-16
    • McDonald, P.1
  • 95
    • 18144377505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 'toolbox' of public policies to impact on fertility-a global view
    • Annual Seminar of the European Observatory on Family Matters, Seville, 15-16 September 2000
    • McDonald, Peter. 2000b. The 'toolbox' of public policies to impact on fertility-a global view. Paper presented at Low Fertility, Families and Public Policies, Annual Seminar of the European Observatory on Family Matters, Seville, 15-16 September 2000.
    • (2000) Low Fertility, Families and Public Policies
    • McDonald, P.1
  • 96
    • 0344940657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustaining fertility through public policy: The range of options
    • English edition
    • McDonald, Peter. 2002. Sustaining fertility through public policy: the range of options, Population (English edition) 57(3): 417-446.
    • (2002) Population , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 417-446
    • McDonald, P.1
  • 97
    • 0344940659 scopus 로고
    • Equality, difference, and the Grundgesetz
    • Reiner Pommerin (ed.), Providence: Bergbahn Books
    • Moeller, Robert G. 1995. Equality, difference, and the Grundgesetz, in Reiner Pommerin (ed.), The American Impact on Postwar Germany. Providence: Bergbahn Books, pp. 149-163.
    • (1995) The American Impact on Postwar Germany , pp. 149-163
    • Moeller, R.G.1
  • 98
    • 0026359262 scopus 로고
    • Late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century childlessness
    • Morgan, S. Philip. 1991. Late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century childlessness, American Journal of Sociology 97(3): 779-807.
    • (1991) American Journal of Sociology , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 779-807
    • Morgan, S.P.1
  • 99
    • 0027787124 scopus 로고
    • The contraceptive pill and female employment as factors in fertility change in Britain 1963-80: A challenge to the conventional view
    • Murphy, Michael. 1993. The contraceptive pill and female employment as factors in fertility change in Britain 1963-80: a challenge to the conventional view, Population Studies 47(2): 221-243.
    • (1993) Population Studies , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 221-243
    • Murphy, M.1
  • 100
    • 0002083772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When markets fail: Social welfare in Canada and the United States
    • G. Esping-Anderson (ed.), London: Sage
    • Myles, John. 1996. When markets fail: social welfare in Canada and the United States, in G. Esping-Anderson (ed.), Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptions in Global Economics. London: Sage, pp. 116-140.
    • (1996) Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptions in Global Economics , pp. 116-140
    • Myles, J.1
  • 101
    • 0003075526 scopus 로고
    • Population: The long view
    • Theodore Schultz (ed.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Notestein, Frank W. 1945. Population: the long view, in Theodore Schultz (ed.), Food for the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 36-57.
    • (1945) Food for the World , pp. 36-57
    • Notestein, F.W.1
  • 103
    • 0031749143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Care of children in a low fertility setting: Transition between home and market care for pre-school children in Germany
    • Ondrich, Jan and C. Katharina Spiess. 1998. Care of children in a low fertility setting: transition between home and market care for pre-school children in Germany, Population Studies 52(1): 35-48.
    • (1998) Population Studies , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-48
    • Ondrich, J.1    Spiess, C.K.2
  • 104
    • 0142003781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lone mothers in Germany before and after unification
    • Jane Lewis (ed.), London: Jessica Kingsley
    • Ostner, Ilona. 1997. Lone mothers in Germany before and after unification, in Jane Lewis (ed.), Lone Mothers in European Welfare Regimes. London: Jessica Kingsley.
    • (1997) Lone Mothers in European Welfare Regimes
    • Ostner, I.1
  • 105
    • 0344078657 scopus 로고
    • Female Greek group interviews in Melbourne
    • John Caldwell et al. (eds.), Australian Family Formation Project Monograph No. 4. Canberra: Department of Demography, Australian National University
    • Packer, Rita, Pat Caldwell, and John Caldwell. 1976. Female Greek group interviews in Melbourne, in John Caldwell et al. (eds.), Towards an Understanding of Contemporary Demographic Change: A Report on Semi-structured Interviews, Australian Family Formation Project Monograph No. 4. Canberra: Department of Demography, Australian National University.
    • (1976) Towards an Understanding of Contemporary Demographic Change: A Report on Semi-structured Interviews
    • Packer, R.1    Caldwell, P.2    Caldwell, J.3
  • 110
    • 0344940656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys of Countries in the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10u. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund
    • Philipov, Dimiter. 2001. Bulgaria. Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys of Countries in the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10u. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund.
    • (2001) Bulgaria
    • Philipov, D.1
  • 111
    • 0002994684 scopus 로고
    • Women's condition, low fertility, and emerging union patterns in Europe
    • K. O. Mason and A.-M. Jensen (eds.), Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • Pinnelli, Antonella. 1995. Women's condition, low fertility, and emerging union patterns in Europe, in K. O. Mason and A.-M. Jensen (eds.), Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 82-101.
    • (1995) Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries , pp. 82-101
    • Pinnelli, A.1
  • 113
    • 0001274125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergence of marriage in Quebec and elsewhere in Canada
    • Pollard, Michael S. and Zheng Wu. 1998. Divergence of marriage in Quebec and elsewhere in Canada, Population and Development Review 24(2): 329-356.
    • (1998) Population and Development Review , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 329-356
    • Pollard, M.S.1    Wu, Z.2
  • 114
    • 0003680258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population Reference Bureau. Washington, DC
    • Population Reference Bureau. 2002. 2002 World Population Data Sheet. Washington, DC.
    • (2002) 2002 World Population Data Sheet
  • 115
    • 0001998476 scopus 로고
    • Ethnic intermixture in Australia
    • Price, Charles. 1994. Ethnic intermixture in Australia, People and Place 2(4): 8-11.
    • (1994) People and Place , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 8-11
    • Price, C.1
  • 116
    • 0345371955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent demographic developments in France
    • English edition
    • Prioux, France. 2002. Recent demographic developments in France, Population (English edition) 57(4-5): 689-728.
    • (2002) Population , vol.57 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 689-728
    • Prioux, F.1
  • 119
    • 0001410861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family ties in Western Europe: Persistent contrasts
    • Reher, David S. 1998. Family ties in Western Europe: persistent contrasts, Population and Development Review 24(2): 203-234.
    • (1998) Population and Development Review , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-234
    • Reher, D.S.1
  • 120
  • 122
    • 0030440095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women, work and children: Behavioral and attitudinal change in the United States
    • Rindfuss, Ronald R., Karin L. Brewster, and Andrew L. Kavee. 1996. Women, work and children: behavioral and attitudinal change in the United States, Population and Development Review 22(3): 457-482.
    • (1996) Population and Development Review , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 457-482
    • Rindfuss, R.R.1    Brewster, K.L.2    Kavee, A.L.3
  • 123
    • 0017627910 scopus 로고
    • Family Formation Project Monograph, Canberra: Department of Demography, Australian National University
    • Ruzicka, Lado T. and John C. Caldwell. 1977. The End of Demographic Transition in Australia, Family Formation Project Monograph, No. 5. Canberra: Department of Demography, Australian National University.
    • (1977) The End of Demographic Transition in Australia , vol.5
    • Ruzicka, L.T.1    Caldwell, J.C.2
  • 124
    • 84979160396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10v. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund
    • Rychtařiková, Jitka and Jaroslav Kraus. 2001. Czech Republic. Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10v. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund.
    • (2001) Czech Republic
    • Rychtařiková, J.1    Kraus, J.2
  • 125
    • 84938052200 scopus 로고
    • The future of American fertility
    • Ryder, Norman B. 1979. The future of American fertility. Social Problems 26(3): 359-370.
    • (1979) Social Problems , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 359-370
    • Ryder, N.B.1
  • 126
    • 0344078656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traditional families and fertility decline: Lessons from Australia's Southern Europeans
    • Richard Leete (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Santow, Gigi and Michael Bracher. 1999. Traditional families and fertility decline: lessons from Australia's Southern Europeans, in Richard Leete (ed.), Dynamics of Values in Fertility Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 51-77.
    • (1999) Dynamics of Values in Fertility Change , pp. 51-77
    • Santow, G.1    Bracher, M.2
  • 128
    • 0344509781 scopus 로고
    • Culture, economy and reproduction in contemporary Europe
    • David Coleman and Roger Schofield (eds.), Oxford: Blackwell
    • Simons, John. 1986. Culture, economy and reproduction in contemporary Europe, in David Coleman and Roger Schofield (eds.), The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 256-278.
    • (1986) The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus , pp. 256-278
    • Simons, J.1
  • 129
    • 0344509780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten years of rapid fertility changes in European post-Communist countries: Evidence and interpretation
    • Helsinki, 7-9 June 2001
    • Sobotka, Tomás. 2001. Ten years of rapid fertility changes in European post-Communist countries: evidence and interpretation. Paper presented at European Association for Population Study (EAPS) Population Conference, Helsinki, 7-9 June 2001.
    • (2001) European Association for Population Study (EAPS) Population Conference
    • Sobotka, T.1
  • 130
    • 0003219213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social protection in Eastern and Central Europe: A tale of slipping anchors and torn safety nets
    • G. Esping-Andersen (ed.), London: Sage
    • Standing, Guy. 1996. Social protection in Eastern and Central Europe: a tale of slipping anchors and torn safety nets, in G. Esping-Andersen (ed.), Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptions in Global Economics. London: Sage, pp. 225-255.
    • (1996) Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptions in Global Economics , pp. 225-255
    • Standing, G.1
  • 131
    • 0038032006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The debate over low fertility in the popular press: A cross-national comparison, 1998-1999
    • Stark, Laura and Hans-Peter Kohler. 2002. The debate over low fertility in the popular press: a cross-national comparison, 1998-1999, Population Research and Policy Review 21(6): 535-574.
    • (2002) Population Research and Policy Review , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 535-574
    • Stark, L.1    Kohler, H.-P.2
  • 132
    • 0344509778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10w. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund
    • Symeonidou, Haris. 2002. Greece. Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys in Countries of the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10w. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund.
    • (2002) Greece
    • Symeonidou, H.1
  • 135
    • 0344940652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys of Countries in the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10e. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund
    • Toulemon, Laurent and Catherine de Guibert-Lantoine. 1998. France. Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys of Countries in the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10e. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund.
    • (1998) France
    • Toulemon, L.1    de Guibert-Lantoine, C.2
  • 136
    • 0012216368 scopus 로고
    • Changing gender roles and below-replacement fertility in Japan
    • K. O. Mason and A.-M. Jensen (eds.), Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • Tsuya, Noriko O. and Karen Oppenheim Mason. 1995. Changing gender roles and below-replacement fertility in Japan, in K. O. Mason and A.-M. Jensen (eds.), Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 139-167.
    • (1995) Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries , pp. 139-167
    • Tsuya, N.O.1    Mason, K.O.2
  • 139
    • 0023467411 scopus 로고
    • Europe's second demographic transition
    • van de Kaa, Dirk J. 1987. Europe's second demographic transition, Population Bulletin 42(1): 1-57.
    • (1987) Population Bulletin , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-57
    • van de Kaa, D.J.1
  • 140
    • 0030440756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anchored narratives: The story and findings of half a century of research into the determinants of fertility
    • van de Kaa, Dirk J. 1996. Anchored narratives: the story and findings of half a century of research into the determinants of fertility, Population Studies 50(3): 389-432.
    • (1996) Population Studies , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 389-432
    • van de Kaa, D.J.1
  • 142
    • 0141849579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmodern fertility preferences: From changing value orientation to new behavior
    • R. A. Bulatao and J. B. Casterline (eds.)
    • van de Kaa, Dirk J. 2001. Postmodern fertility preferences: from changing value orientation to new behavior, in R. A. Bulatao and J. B. Casterline (eds.), Global Fertility Transition, pp. 290-331.
    • (2001) Global Fertility Transition , pp. 290-331
    • van de Kaa, D.J.1
  • 143
    • 0345371952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late motherhood in the Netherlands
    • Current trends, attitudes and policies
    • Van Nimwegen, Nico, Marika Blommesteijn, Hein Moors, and Gijs Beets. 2002. Late motherhood in the Netherlands. Current trends, attitudes and policies, Genus 58(2): 9-34.
    • (2002) Genus , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 9-34
    • Van Nimwegen, N.1    Blommesteijn, M.2    Moors, H.3    Beets, G.4
  • 144
    • 0025668158 scopus 로고
    • From local to national communities: The transformation of demographic regimes in Western Europe, 1870-1960
    • Watkins, Susan Cotts. 1990. From local to national communities: the transformation of demographic regimes in Western Europe, 1870-1960, Population and Development Review 16(2): 241-272.
    • (1990) Population and Development Review , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 241-272
    • Watkins, S.C.1
  • 145
    • 0020699205 scopus 로고
    • Fertility decline in the West: Causes and prospects
    • Westoff, Charles F. 1983. Fertility decline in the West: causes and prospects, Population and Development Review 8(1): 99-110.
    • (1983) Population and Development Review , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-110
    • Westoff, C.F.1
  • 146
    • 0029483166 scopus 로고
    • Declining fertility in East Germany after Unification: A demographic response to socioeconomic change
    • Witte, James C. and Gert G. Wagner. 1995. Declining fertility in East Germany after Unification: a demographic response to socioeconomic change, Population and Development Review 21(2): 387-397.
    • (1995) Population and Development Review , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 387-397
    • Witte, J.C.1    Wagner, G.G.2
  • 148
    • 0039758028 scopus 로고
    • Low fertility in Europe: A report from the 1981 IUSSP meeting
    • Wulf, Deirdre. 1982. Low fertility in Europe: a report from the 1981 IUSSP meeting, International Family Planning Perspectives 8(2): 63-69.
    • (1982) International Family Planning Perspectives , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 63-69
    • Wulf, D.1
  • 149
    • 0345371948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys of Countries in the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10f. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund
    • Zvidrins, Peteris, Ligita Ezera, and Aigars Greitans. 1998. Latvia. Standard Country Report, Fertility and Family Surveys of Countries in the ECE Region, Economic Studies No. 10f. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, and New York: United Nations Population Fund.
    • (1998) Latvia
    • Zvidrins, P.1    Ezera, L.2    Greitans, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.