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0348068807
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note
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Typically, structures are readily seen at surfactant concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (c.m.c.). A survey of the available literature indicates that most images are collected at > 2x cmc. If the bulk surfactant concentration is reduced below the cmc or exchanged with pure surfactant, the surface structures are seen to instantly disappear.
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14
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9444252986
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16
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0346807889
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note
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Above a concentration of about 0.1% (w/w) in water, CTVB solutions show a rapid increase in viscosity with concentration and the onset of viscoelastic behavior. These behaviors are common for other worm-like and rod-like micellar systems based on CTA+ surfactants.
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17
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0348068805
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note
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The vinylbenzoate counterion binds strongly to the surface of the CTA+ micelle. Free radical polymerization of the vinylbenzoate is initiated with a water-soluble initiator at 60°C. The initiator is added at a ratio of 5 mol % of the surfactant and the overall concentration of surfactant was 1% (w/w).
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18
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0028736821
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0031275459
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20
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0346807891
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note
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Force-distance data are collected ramping the surface towards and away from the tip through the application of a voltage ramp to the piezoelectric drive signal. Motion of the tip over the surface in the X-Y raster pattern needed for imaging is temporarily suspended. The surface and tip start out of contact. The surface is then driven towards the tip and deflections of the tip, as a result of interaction forces, are recorded. After contact is established, the voltage is reversed and the surface is retracted.
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22
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0003457380
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Chapman and Hall: Cambridge, UK
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23
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0348068804
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note
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Images were collected continuously over a 2-h period immediately after rinsing with pure water (Millipore Milli-Q grade). The images showed no change from that seen initially with the bulk aggregates present.
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24
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