Police and power in the pre-war Papua New Guinea highlands

Journal of Pacific History

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 162-177

  Gammage, Bill ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0345391655     PISSN: 00223344     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00223349608572816     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. This estimate is from the service numbers of police recruited in the late 1930s.
2. See also A. Kituai, 'Innovation and intrusion. Villagers and policemen in Papua New Guinea', Journal of Pacific History, 23 (1988), 156.
3. James Sinclair, To Find a Path (Brisbane 1990), 55.
4. J. K. McCarthy, Patrol Into Yesterday (Melbourne 1963), 106-13.
5. Information concerning Black comes from his 1938-9 diaries (in private possession) and from interviews with him (1985-88), with one of his 1938 police, Kobubu (1987), and with a 1938 carrier, Nilak (1988).
6. Black, Diary, 30 Nov. 1935.
7. The following account stems from my interpretation of events Black's diary describes, which I tested in 1987, including by asking leading questions, with Black and Kobubu, Habana's kinsman. Black was surprised at my interpretation but thought it probable. Kobubu was surprised that anyone might think it incorrect.
8. A. Kituai, 'My gun, my brother Papua New Guinea policemen 1920-60', PhD thesis, Australian National University (Canberra 1994).
9. A. Sesiguo, 'Life story of Kamuna Hura as a policeman', Yagl-Ambu, 4 (1977), 222-38.
10. P. M. Munster, 'A history of contact and change in the Goroka valley . . . 1934-69', PhD thesis, Deakin University (Geelong 1986), 276.
11. Kituai, 'My gun, my brother', 269.
12. Interviews, Black 1987-8, Bus 1987, Kobubu 1987;
13. Black, Diary
14. and Taylor, Diary, 17-20 Dec. 1938;
15. J. L. Taylor, Hagen-Sepik Patrol Report, MS, 1940, 263-8 (all in private possession).
16. Taylor's notes, 1935, courtesy Russ Robinson.
17. Munster, 'Goroka', 174.
18. See also Kituai, 'Innovation', 160-4.
19. McCarthy, Patrol, 56-9.
20. Black, Diary, 24 Mar. 1939.
21. Interview, Kobubu, 1987.
22. Ivan Champion, Patrol Report Kutubu 1/1938, 9 Mar. (in private possession).
23. Information concerning Taylor comes from his 1930s diaries, notes and reports, and from interviews with him (1973-85), with his police Bus (1987) and Selep (1974), and with villagers and former carriers. Munster, 'Goroka', has good information.
24. Sinclair, Path, 102, 118-9;
25. Taylor notes, 1936.
26. Interview, Taylor, 1976.
27. Minister, 'Goroka', 174.
28. Interview, Bus, 1987.
29. Information concerning Champion comes from interviews (1987-89). from his 1928, 1936 and 1938-40 patrol reports courtesy of him or Bryant Allen, and from J. Sinclair, Last Frontiers (Broadbeach Waters 1988).
30. Sinclair, Path, 55-8.