-
3
-
-
0037329509
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-
S. Nixon, Ambio 23, 30 (2003).
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(2003)
Ambio
, vol.23
, pp. 30
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-
Nixon, S.1
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4
-
-
0345374077
-
-
P. Kabat et al., Eds. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany)
-
C. J. Vorosmarty, M. Meybeck, in Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate, P. Kabat et al., Eds. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 2003), pp. 408-572.
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(2003)
Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate
, pp. 408-572
-
-
Vorosmarty, C.J.1
Meybeck, M.2
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5
-
-
0344080717
-
-
Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, CA
-
M. J. Cohen, C. Henges-Jeck, Missing Water: The Uses and Flows of Water in the Colorado River Delta Region (Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, CA, 2001) (www. pacinst.org/missing_water_report_web.pdf).
-
(2001)
Missing Water: The Uses and Flows of Water in the Colorado River Delta Region
-
-
Cohen, M.J.1
Henges-Jeck, C.2
-
6
-
-
0344942757
-
-
note
-
Several bills were introduced in 2003 in the U.S. Congress that call for building new dams, expanding existing dams, or studying new sites for dams in the western United States, including HR 2828, introduced by Rep. Ken Calvert (R-CA), and HR 309, introduced by Rep. Devin Nunes (R-CA).
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
0344942758
-
-
note
-
The global population in 1940 was 2.3 billion, as estimated in (35).
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
0345374076
-
-
note
-
"Water-related diseases" include waterborne (diarrheas, dysenteries, and enteric fevers), water-washed (including infections skin and eye diseases associated with contaminated water), water-based (including parasitic diseases such as schistosomiasis and dracunculiasis), and diseases associated with water-based insect vectors (such as malaria, yellow fever, and dengue). The lower death estimates exclude water-based insect vector diseases. Data on deaths vary; the World Health Organization estimates deaths from diarrheal diseases alone at 2 million to 3 million per year (7).
-
-
-
-
10
-
-
0345374079
-
-
Resolution A/RES/550196, "International Year of Freshwater, 2003" adopted by the UN General Assembly, 1 February 2001
-
Resolution A/RES/550196, "International Year of Freshwater, 2003" adopted by the UN General Assembly, 1 February 2001.
-
-
-
-
11
-
-
0344511925
-
-
Resolution A/55/L2, "United Nations Millennium Declaration" adopted by the UN General Assembly, 18 September 2000
-
Resolution A/55/L2, "United Nations Millennium Declaration" adopted by the UN General Assembly, 18 September 2000.
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
0042285821
-
-
Pacific institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, CA
-
P. H. Gleick, Dirty Water: Estimated Deaths from Water-Related Diseases 2000-2020 (Pacific institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, CA, 2002) (www.pacinst.org/reports/ water_related_deaths_report.doc).
-
(2002)
Dirty Water: Estimated Deaths from Water-Related Diseases 2000-2020
-
-
Gleick, P.H.1
-
13
-
-
0344080719
-
-
note
-
The estimate for cumulative AIDS deaths over this same period is 68 million (36).
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
0344942755
-
-
Creditor Reporting System (OECD, Development Assistance Committee, Paris)
-
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Creditor Reporting System, Aid Activities in the Water Sector: 1997-2002 (OECD, Development Assistance Committee, Paris, 2002).
-
(2002)
Aid Activities in the Water Sector: 1997-2002
-
-
-
16
-
-
0005537654
-
-
United Nations, New York
-
J. Burke, M. Moench, Groundwater and Society: Resources, Tensions, Opportunities (United Nations, New York, 2000).
-
(2000)
Groundwater and Society: Resources, Tensions, Opportunities
-
-
Burke, J.1
Moench, M.2
-
17
-
-
0038610460
-
-
(Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge), especially the sections on hydrology and water resources.
-
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2001), especially the sections on hydrology and water resources.
-
(2001)
Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability
-
-
-
18
-
-
0344080725
-
-
IAHS Ad Hoc Group on Global Water Data Sets, Eos 82 (no. 5), 54 (2001).
-
(2001)
Eos
, vol.82
, Issue.5
, pp. 54
-
-
-
19
-
-
0345374078
-
-
note
-
Costs for major hydropower dams or large-scale water transfers are not included in this already large number (37).
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
0344080720
-
-
note
-
The more expensive estimates assume a cost of around $500 per person-typical of the costs of centralized water systems in developed countries. However, field experience shows that safe and reliable water supply and sanitation services can be provided in urban areas for $35 to 50 per person and in rural areas for less than that when local communities build appropriate-scale technology (38).
-
-
-
-
21
-
-
0037173652
-
-
P. H. Gleick, Nature 418, 373 (2002).
-
(2002)
Nature
, vol.418
, pp. 373
-
-
Gleick, P.H.1
-
22
-
-
0042063985
-
-
P. H. Gleick, Ed. (Island, Washington, DC)
-
G. Wolff, P. H. Gleick. In The World's Water 2002-2003, P. H. Gleick, Ed. (Island, Washington, DC, 2002), pp. 1-32.
-
(2002)
The World's Water 2002-2003
, pp. 1-32
-
-
Wolff, G.1
Gleick, P.H.2
-
24
-
-
0344080722
-
-
note
-
Lovins is to be credited with coining the term "soft path" for energy (39).
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
0345301161
-
-
National Energy Policy Act of 1992, Public Law 102-486, 24 October 1992
-
National Energy Policy Act of 1992, Public Law 102-486, 24 October 1992.
-
-
-
-
26
-
-
0344080721
-
-
note
-
Dual-flush toilets that use only 60 to 70% of the water used by toilets that meet current U.S. standards are widely used in Australia and Japan.
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
0345374074
-
-
Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, CA, in press)
-
P. H. Gleick et al., Waste Not, Want Not: The Potential for Urban Water Conservation in California (Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, CA, in press).
-
Waste Not, Want Not: The Potential for Urban Water Conservation in California
-
-
Gleick, P.H.1
-
31
-
-
0344080723
-
-
North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance
-
Water Efficiency Manual (North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance, 1998) (www.p2pays.org/ref/01/0069206.pdf).
-
(1998)
Water Efficiency Manual
-
-
-
32
-
-
0344006804
-
-
note
-
2 (40, 41).
-
-
-
-
34
-
-
0345374075
-
-
note
-
As of the date of preparation of this article, the data for 2000 were still not available. See (42) for data from the 1990s.
-
-
-
-
41
-
-
0344869906
-
-
S. Allen, M. R. Hahn, Semiconductor Wastewater Treatment and Reuse. Semiconductor Fab Tech (Microbar Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, ed. 9, 1999).
-
S. Allen, M. R. Hahn, Semiconductor Wastewater Treatment and Reuse. Semiconductor Fab Tech (Microbar Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, ed. 9, 1999).
-
-
-
-
42
-
-
0003631568
-
-
USGS Circular 1200, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO
-
W. B. Solley, R. R. Pierce, H. A. Perlman, Estimated Use of Water in the United States, 1995 (USGS Circular 1200, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, 1998).
-
(1998)
Estimated Use of Water in the United States, 1995
-
-
Solley, W.B.1
Pierce, R.R.2
Perlman, H.A.3
-
43
-
-
84885529127
-
-
P. H. Gleick, Ed. (Island, Washington, DC)
-
P. H. Gleick, in The World's Water 2000-2001, P. H. Gleick, Ed. (Island, Washington, DC, 2000), pp. 39-61.
-
(2000)
The World's Water 2000-2001
, pp. 39-61
-
-
Gleick, P.H.1
-
44
-
-
0344006805
-
-
note
-
For a summary of global water scenarios and a complete list of the scenarios and projections used in this figure, see (43).
-
-
-
|