Longitudinal patterns of risk for depression in dementia caregivers: Objective and subjective primary stress as predictors

Psychology and Aging

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 34-43

  Liming Alspaugh, Mary E ^a   Stephens, Mary Ann Parris ^b   Townsend, Aloen L ^b   Greene, Rick ^b   Zarit, Steven H ^b  

^a KENT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE; BURNOUT; CAREGIVER; CLINICAL FEATURE; DEMENTIA; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PATHOGENESIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; ROLE PLAYING; STRESS;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; CAREGIVERS; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CHRONIC DISEASE; DEMENTIA; DEPENDENCY (PSYCHOLOGY); DEPRESSION; FEMALE; FORECASTING; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; RISK FACTORS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0345189552     PISSN: 08827974     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.14.1.34     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Aneshensel, C. S. (1985). The natural history of depressive symptoms: Implications for psychiatric epidemiology. Research in Community and Mental Health, 5, 45-75.
3. Aneshensel, C. S., & Frerichs, R. R. (1982). Stress, support, and depression: A longitudinal causal model. Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 363-376.
4. Aneshensel, C. S., Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Zarit, S. H., & Whitlach, C. J. (1995). Profiles in caregiving: The unexpected career. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
5. Aneshensel, C. S., Pearlin, L. I., & Schuler, R. H. (1993). Stress, role captivity, and the cessation of caregiving. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, 54-70.
6. Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy for depression. New York: Guilford Press.
7. Biegel, D. E., Sales, E., & Schulz, R. (1991). Family caregiving in chronic illness. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
8. Cantor, M. (1983). Strain among caregivers: A study of experience in the United States. The Gerontologist, 23, 587-604.
9. Connell, C. M., & Gibson, G. D. (1997). Racial, ethnic, and cultural differences in dementia caregiving: Review and analysis. The Gerontologist, 37, 355-364.
10. Craig, T. J., & Van Natta, P. A. (1979). Influence of demographic characteristics on two measures of depressive symptoms. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 149-154.
11. Dohrenwend, B. S., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1974). A brief historical introduction to research on stressful life events. In B. S. Dohrenwend & B. P. Dohrenwend (Eds.), Stressful life events: Their nature and effects (pp. 275-310). New York: Wiley.
12. Dohrenwend, B. S., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1978). Some issues in research on stressful life events. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 166, 7-15.
13. Drinka, T. J., Smith, J., & Drinka, P. J. (1987). Correlates of depression and burden for informal caregivers of patients in a geriatrics referral clinic. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 35, 522-525.
14. Dura, J. R., Stukenberg, K. W., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1990). Chronic stress and depressive disorders in older adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 284-290.
15. Dura, J. R., Stukenberg, K. W., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1991). Anxiety and depressive disorders in adult children caring for demented parents. Psychology and Aging, 6, 467-473.
16. Evans, D. A., Funkenstein, H. H., Albert, M. S., Scherr, P. A., Cook, N. R., Chown, M. J., Hebert, L. E., Hennekens, C. H., & Taylor, J. O. (1989). Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons. Journal of the American Medical Association, 262, 2551-2556.
17. Gallagher, D., Rose, J., Rivera, P., Lovett, S., & Thompson, L. W. (1989). Prevalence of depression in family caregivers. The Gerontologist, 29, 449-456.
18. Gallagher-Thompson, D., & Steffen, A. M. (1994). Comparative effects of cognitive-behavioral and brief psychodynamic psychotherapies for depressed family caregivers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 543-549.
19. George, L. K., & Gwyther, L. P. (1986). Caregiver well-being: A multi-dimensional examination of family caregivers of demented adults. The Gerontologist, 26, 253-259.
20. Haley, W. E., Brown, S. L., & Levine, E. G. (1987). Family caregiver appraisals of patient behavioral disturbance in senile dementia. Clinical Gerontologist, 6, 25-34.
21. Himmelfarb, S., & Murrell, S. A. (1983). Reliability and validity of five mental health scales in older persons. Journal of Gerontology, 38, 333-339.
22. Husaini, B. A., Neff, J. A., Harrington, J. B., Hughes, M. D., & Stone, R. H. (1980). Depression in rural communities: Validating the CES-D Scale. Journal of Community Psychology, 8, 20-27.
23. Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Dura, J. R., Speicher, C. E., Trask, O. J., & Glaser, R. (1991). Spousal caregivers of dementia victims: Longitudinal changes in immunity and health. Psychosomatic Medicine, 53, 345-362.
24. Lawlor, B. A. (1995). Behavioral complications in Alzheimer's disease: Clinical practice (Rep. No. 31). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
25. Lawton, M. P., Brody, E. M., & Saperstein, A. R. (1989). A controlled study of respite services for caregivers of Alzheimer's patients. The Gerontologist, 29, 8-16.
26. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
27. Lewinsohn, P. M., Hoberman, H. M., & Rosenbaum, M. (1988). A prospective study of risk factors for unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 251-264.
28. Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R., Roberts, R. E., & Allen, N. B. (1997). Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a screening instrument for depression among community-residing older adults. Psychology and Aging, 12, 277-287.
29. Lin, N., & Ensel, W. M. (1984). Depression mobility and its social etiology: The role of life events and social support. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 25, 176-188.
30. Link, B. G., Mesagno, F. P., Lubner, M. E., & Dohrenwend, B. (1990). Problems in measuring role strains and social functioning in relation to psychological symptoms. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 31, 354-369.
31. Morgan, T. M., Aneshensel, C. S., & Clark, V. A. (1983). Parameter estimation for mover-stayer models: Analyzing depression over time. Sociological Methods and Research, 11, 345-366.
32. Myers, J. K., & Weissman, M. M. (1980). Use of a self-report symptom scale to detect depression in a community sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 1081-1084.
33. Pagel, M., Becker, J., & Coppel, D. (1985). Loss of control, self-blame, and depression: An investigation of spouse caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 169-182.
34. Pearlin, L. I., Lieberman, M. A., Menaghan, E. G., & Mullan, J. T. (1981). The stress process. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 337-356.
35. Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Semple, S. J., & Skaff, M. M. (1990). Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures. The Gerontologist, 30, 583-594.
36. Pruchno, R. A., Kleban, M. H., Michaels, J. E., & Dempsey, N. P. (1990). Mental and physical health of caregiving spouses: Development of a causal model. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 45, P192-P199.
37. Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.
38. Radloff, L. S., & Teri, L. (1986). Use of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale with older adults. Clinical Gerontologist, 5, 119-136.
39. Redinbaugh, E. M., MacCallum, R. C., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1995). Recurrent syndromal depression in caregivers. Psychology and Aging, 10, 358-368.
40. Roberts, R. E., & Vernon, S. W. (1983). The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale: Its use in a community sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 41-46.
41. Russo, J., Vitaliano, P. P., Brewer, D. D., Katon, W., & Becker, J. (1995). Psychiatric disorders in spouse caregivers of care recipients with Alzheimer's disease and matched controls: A diathesis-stress model of psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 197-204.
42. Schulz, R., O'Brien, A. T., Bookwala, J., & Fleissner, K. (1995). Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of dementia caregiving: Prevalence, correlates, and causes. The Gerontologist, 35, 771-791.
43. Schulz, R., Visintainer, P., & Williamson, G. M. (1990). Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of caregiving. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 45, P181-P191.
44. Schulz, R., & Williamson, G. M. (1991). A two-year longitudinal study of depression among Alzheimer's caregivers. Psychology and Aging, 6, 569-578.
45. Stone, R., Cafferata, G. L., & Sangl, J. (1987). Caregivers of the frail elderly: A national profile. The Gerontologist, 27, 616-626.
46. Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (1996). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
47. Teri, L., Logsdon, R. G., Uomoto, J., & McCurry, S. M. (1997). Behavioral treatment of depression in dementia patients: A controlled clinical trial. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 52, P159-P166.
48. Vitaliano, P. P., Russo, J., Young, H. M., Becker, J., & Maiuro, R. D. (1991). The Screen for Caregiver Burden. The Gerontologist, 31, 76-83.
49. Weissman, M. M., Sholomskas, D., Pottenger, M., Prusoff, B. A., & Locke, B. Z. (1977). Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations: A validation study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 106, 203-214.
50. Zarit, S. H., Orr, N. K., & Zarit, J. M. (1985). The hidden victims of Alzheimer's disease: Families under stress. New York: New York University Press.
51. Zarit, S. H., Reever, K., & Bach-Patterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feelings of burden. The Gerontologist, 20, 649-655.
52. Zarit, S. H., Stephens, M. A. P., Townsend, A. L., & Greene, R. (1998). Stress reduction for family caregivers: Effects of adult day care use. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 53B, S267-S277.
53. Zarit, S., Todd, P., & Zarit, J. (1986). Subjective burden of husbands and wives as caregivers: A longitudinal study. The Gerontologist, 26, 260-266.
54. Zarit, S. H., & Zarit, J. M. (1983). Cognitive impairment. In P. M. Lewinsohn & L. Teri (Eds.), Clinical geropsychology (pp. 38-80). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.