메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 56, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 852-867

The Effect of the Melting Layer on the Microwave Emission of Clouds over the Ocean

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; ICE; LIGHT EXTINCTION; LIGHT SCATTERING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MELTING; MICROWAVES; PARTICLES (PARTICULATE MATTER); PERMITTIVITY; WATER;

EID: 0345103411     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0852:TEOTML>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (33)
  • 1
    • 0000562622 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative study of the "bright band" in radar precipitation echoes
    • Austin, P. M., and A. C. Bemis, 1950: A quantitative study of the "bright band" in radar precipitation echoes. J. Meteor., 7, 145-151.
    • (1950) J. Meteor. , vol.7 , pp. 145-151
    • Austin, P.M.1    Bemis, A.C.2
  • 2
    • 0027840661 scopus 로고
    • Rainfall, total water, ice water, and water vapor over sea from polarized microwave simulations and special sensor microwave/imager data
    • Bauer, P., and P. Schluessel, 1993: Rainfall, total water, ice water, and water vapor over sea from polarized microwave simulations and special sensor microwave/imager data. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20 737-20 759.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 20737-20759
    • Bauer, P.1    Schluessel, P.2
  • 4
    • 0025488874 scopus 로고
    • Effective permittivity of and scattering from wet snow and ice droplets at weather radar wavelengths
    • de Wolf, D. A., H. W. J. Russchenberg, and L. P. Ligthart, 1990: Effective permittivity of and scattering from wet snow and ice droplets at weather radar wavelengths. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 38, 1317-1325.
    • (1990) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , vol.38 , pp. 1317-1325
    • De Wolf, D.A.1    Russchenberg, H.W.J.2    Ligthart, L.P.3
  • 5
    • 0018064628 scopus 로고
    • Radar and attenuation properties and bright band
    • Institution of Electrical Engineers, Stevenage, United Kingdom, 328 pp
    • Dissanayake, A. W., and N. J. McEwan, 1978: Radar and attenuation properties and bright band. IEE Conf. Publ. 169-2, Institution of Electrical Engineers, Stevenage, United Kingdom, 328 pp.
    • (1978) IEE Conf. Publ. 169-2
    • Dissanayake, A.W.1    McEwan, N.J.2
  • 6
    • 0031718722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of satellite rainfall estimation algorithms during TOGA COARE
    • Ebert, E. E., and M. J. Manton, 1998: Performance of satellite rainfall estimation algorithms during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1537-1557.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 1537-1557
    • Ebert, E.E.1    Manton, M.J.2
  • 7
    • 0029475048 scopus 로고
    • Long-term radar observations of the melting layer of precipitation and their interpretation
    • Fabry, F., and I. Zawadzki, 1995: Long-term radar observations of the melting layer of precipitation and their interpretation. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 838-851.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 838-851
    • Fabry, F.1    Zawadzki, I.2
  • 8
    • 0001342134 scopus 로고
    • Passive microwave remote sensing of rainfall with SSM/I: Algorithm development and implementation
    • Ferriday, J. G., and S. K. Avery, 1994: Passive microwave remote sensing of rainfall with SSM/I: Algorithm development and implementation. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 1587-1596.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.33 , pp. 1587-1596
    • Ferriday, J.G.1    Avery, S.K.2
  • 9
    • 0022923688 scopus 로고
    • Microwave absorption measurements of melting spherical and nonspherical hydrometeors
    • Hansmann, R. J., 1986: Microwave absorption measurements of melting spherical and nonspherical hydrometeors. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1643-1649.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 1643-1649
    • Hansmann, R.J.1
  • 10
    • 0030404788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raindrop size distributions and the radar bright band
    • Huggel, A., W. Schmid, and A. Waldvogel, 1996: Raindrop size distributions and the radar bright band. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 1688-1701.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.35 , pp. 1688-1701
    • Huggel, A.1    Schmid, W.2    Waldvogel, A.3
  • 11
    • 0021823797 scopus 로고
    • Attenuation in melting snow on microwave- and millimeter-wave terrestrial radio links
    • Jain, Y. M., and P. A. Watson, 1985: Attenuation in melting snow on microwave- and millimeter-wave terrestrial radio links. Electron. Lett., 21 (2), 68-69.
    • (1985) Electron. Lett. , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 68-69
    • Jain, Y.M.1    Watson, P.A.2
  • 12
    • 0024224227 scopus 로고
    • Radar observations and simulation of the melting layer of precipitation
    • Klaassen, W., 1988: Radar observations and simulation of the melting layer of precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3741-3753.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 3741-3753
    • Klaassen, W.1
  • 13
    • 0018673231 scopus 로고
    • Observations of the morphology of melting snow
    • Knight, C. A., 1979: Observations of the morphology of melting snow. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1123-1130.
    • (1979) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 1123-1130
    • Knight, C.A.1
  • 14
    • 0027492607 scopus 로고
    • On the accuracy of the Eddington approximation for radiative transfer at microwave frequencies
    • Kummerow, C., 1993: On the accuracy of the Eddington approximation for radiative transfer at microwave frequencies. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 2757-2765.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 2757-2765
    • Kummerow, C.1
  • 15
    • 0022131691 scopus 로고
    • An updated model for millimeter wave propagation in moist air
    • Liebe, H. J., 1985: An updated model for millimeter wave propagation in moist air. Radio Sci., 20 (5), 1069-1089.
    • (1985) Radio Sci. , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 1069-1089
    • Liebe, H.J.1
  • 16
    • 0027089028 scopus 로고
    • Retrieval of precipitation from satellite microwave measurements using both emission and scattering
    • Liu, G., and J. A. Curry, 1992: Retrieval of precipitation from satellite microwave measurements using both emission and scattering. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9959-9974.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 9959-9974
    • Liu, G.1    Curry, J.A.2
  • 17
    • 0000972175 scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamic studies of falling snowflakes
    • Magono, C., and T. Nakamura, 1965: Aerodynamic studies of falling snowflakes. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 43 (3), 139-147.
    • (1965) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 139-147
    • Magono, C.1    Nakamura, T.2
  • 18
    • 0001256212 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of raindrops with size
    • Marshall, J. S., and W. M. K. Palmer, 1948: The distribution of raindrops with size. J. Meteor., 5, 165-166.
    • (1948) J. Meteor. , vol.5 , pp. 165-166
    • Marshall, J.S.1    Palmer, W.M.K.2
  • 19
    • 0006169252 scopus 로고
    • Melting of snowflakes below freezing level in the atmosphere
    • Matsuo, T., and Y. Sasyo, 1981: Melting of snowflakes below freezing level in the atmosphere. J. Meteor Soc. Japan, 59, 10-25.
    • (1981) J. Meteor Soc. Japan , vol.59 , pp. 10-25
    • Matsuo, T.1    Sasyo, Y.2
  • 20
    • 0003350952 scopus 로고
    • Colors in metal glasses and in metallic films
    • Maxwell-Garnett, J. C., 1904: Colors in metal glasses and in metallic films. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 203A, 385-420.
    • (1904) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London , vol.203 A , pp. 385-420
    • Maxwell-Garnett, J.C.1
  • 21
    • 0030390622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of cross sections for melting hydrometeors as derived from dielectric mixing fcrmulas and a numerical method
    • Meneghini, R., and L. Liao, 1996: Comparisons of cross sections for melting hydrometeors as derived from dielectric mixing fcrmulas and a numerical method. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 1658-1670.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.35 , pp. 1658-1670
    • Meneghini, R.1    Liao, L.2
  • 23
    • 0001113293 scopus 로고
    • Melting and shedding of graupel and hail. Part I: Model physics
    • Rasmussen, R. M., and A. J. Heymsfield, 1987: Melting and shedding of graupel and hail. Part I: Model physics. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2754-2763.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 2754-2763
    • Rasmussen, R.M.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2
  • 24
    • 0030482242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rain production in convective clouds as simulated in an axisymmetric model with detailed microphysics. Part I: Description of the model
    • Reisin, T., Z. Levin, and S. Tzivion, 1996: Rain production in convective clouds as simulated in an axisymmetric model with detailed microphysics. Part I: Description of the model. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 497-519.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 497-519
    • Reisin, T.1    Levin, Z.2    Tzivion, S.3
  • 26
    • 0029755965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Backscattering by and propagation through the melting layer of precipitation: A new polarimetric model
    • Russchenberg, H. W. J., and L. P. Ligthart, 1996: Backscattering by and propagation through the melting layer of precipitation: A new polarimetric model. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 34 (1), 3-14.
    • (1996) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-14
    • Russchenberg, H.W.J.1    Ligthart, L.P.2
  • 27
    • 0025954092 scopus 로고
    • Surface wind speeds over the North Sea from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager observations
    • Schluessel, P., and H. Luthardt, 1991: Surface wind speeds over the North Sea from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager observations. J. Geophys. Res., 96 (C3), 4845-4854.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , Issue.C3 , pp. 4845-4854
    • Schluessel, P.1    Luthardt, H.2
  • 29
    • 0020969890 scopus 로고
    • Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution
    • Ulbrich, C. W., 1983: Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1764-1775.
    • (1983) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.22 , pp. 1764-1775
    • Ulbrich, C.W.1
  • 30
    • 0025586075 scopus 로고
    • Microwave radiative transfer studies using combined multiparameter radar and radiometer measurements during COEMEX
    • Vivekanandan, J., J. Turk, G. L. Stephens, and V. N. Bringi, 1990: Microwave radiative transfer studies using combined multiparameter radar and radiometer measurements during COEMEX. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 561-585.
    • (1990) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.29 , pp. 561-585
    • Vivekanandan, J.1    Turk, J.2    Stephens, G.L.3    Bringi, V.N.4
  • 31
    • 0001655311 scopus 로고
    • Thermal microwave radiances from horizontally finite clouds of hydrometeors
    • Weinman, J. A., and R. Davies, 1978: Thermal microwave radiances from horizontally finite clouds of hydrometeors. J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3099-3107.
    • (1978) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.83 , pp. 3099-3107
    • Weinman, J.A.1    Davies, R.2
  • 33
    • 0024826794 scopus 로고
    • Structure of the melting layer in mesoscale convective system stratiform precipitation
    • Willis, P. T., and A. J. Heymsfield, 1989: Structure of the melting layer in mesoscale convective system stratiform precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2008-2025.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 2008-2025
    • Willis, P.T.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.