Private policing in context

European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 175-196

  Johnston, Les ^a  

^a TEESSIDE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Governance; Policing; Private security; Risk society; Security policy

Indexed keywords

EID: 0345063696     PISSN: 09281371     EISSN: 15729869     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1008753326991     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Bayley, D.H. and C.D. Shearing, The future of policing, Law and Society Review, 30(3), pp. 585-606, 1996.
2. Beck, U., Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage, 1992.
3. Bergalli, R. and C. Sumner (Eds), Social Control and Political Order. London: Sage, 1997.
4. Bottoms, A. and P. Wiles, Understanding crime prevention in late modern societies. In: T. Bennett (Ed), Preventing Crime and Disorder: Targeting Strategies and Responsibilities, pp. 1-42. Cambridge: Institute of Criminology, 1996.
5. Brearley, N. and M. King, Policing, social protest: Some indicators of change. In: C. Critcher and D. Waddington (Eds), Policing Public Order: Theoretical and Practical Issues, pp. 101-116. Aldershot: Avebury, 1996.
6. Brodeur, J.P., High policing and low policing: Remarks about the policing of political activities, Social Problems, 30, pp. 507-520, 1983.
7. Business Wire, Pinkerton names McCormick Senior Managing Director, Business Risks International. URL: http://www.businesswire.com, 1998.
8. Castel, R., From dangerousness to risk. In: G. Burchell, C. Gordon and P. Miller (Eds), The Foucault Effect, pp. 251-280. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991.
9. Cohen, S., Visions of Social Control. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1985.
10. Cope, S., F. Leishman and P. Starie, Hollowing-out and hiving-off: Reinventing policing in Britain. In: J. Lovenduski and J. Stanyer (Eds), Contemporary Political Studies, Vol. 2, pp. 552-565. Belfast: Political Studies Association of the United Kingdom, 1995.
11. Crook, S., J. Pakulski and M. Waters (Eds), Postmodernization: Change in Advanced Society. London: Sage, 1993.
12. Cunningham, W.C. and T. Taylor, Private Security and Police in America: The Hallcrest Report I. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1985.
13. De Waard, J., The private security sector in fifteen European countries: Size, rules and legislation. Security Journal, 4(2), pp. 58-63, 1993.
14. De Waard, J., The private security industry in international perspective. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 7(2), pp. 143-174, 1999 (this issue).
15. De Waard, J.J. and J. van der Hoek, Private Security: Size of Sector and Legislation in the Netherlands and Europe. The Hague: Department of Crime Prevention, Ministry of Justice, 1991.
16. Durkheim, E., The Division of Labour in Society. New York: Free Press, 1964.
17. Ericson, R. and K. Haggerty, The population of police. Paper presented to the Joint Meeting of the American Law and Society Association and the Research Committee on the Sociology of Law of the International Sociological Association, Glasgow, July 10-13, 1996.
18. Ewald, F., Insurance and risk. In: G. Burchell, C. Gordon and P. Miller (Eds), The Foucault Effect, pp. 197-210. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991.
19. Executive Outcomes, http://www.eo.com/about.html, 1998.
20. Foucault, M., Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. London: Allen Lane, 1977.
21. Foucault, M., Governmentality. In: G. Burchell, C. Gordon and P. Miller (Eds), The Foucault Effect, pp. 87-104. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991.
22. Garrett, A., When rising crime equals rising profits. The Observer, 8 June 1997.
23. George, B. and M. Button, Private security industry regulation: Lessons from abroad for the United Kingdom. International Journal of Risk, Security and Crime Prevention, 1(2), pp. 109-121, 1998.
24. George, B. and M. Button, Too little too late? An assessment of recent proposals for the private security industry in the United Kingdom. Security Journal 10(1), pp. 1-7, 1998.
25. Gibbons, S., Change to criminal investigation planned to save time and money. Police Review, p. 4, 23 August 1996.
26. Gibbons, S. and K. Hyder, MI5 crime-fighting role needs tighter control says Sharples. Police Review, p. 5, 19 January 1996.
27. Giddens, A., The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990.
28. Hauber, A., B. Hofstra, E. Toornvliet and A. Zandbergen, Some new forms of functional social control in the Netherlands and their effects. British Journal of Criminology, 36(2), pp. 199-219, 1996.
29. Hesseling, R.B.P., Functional surveillance in the Netherlands: Exemplary projects. Security Journal 6(1), pp. 21-25, 1995.
30. Hoogenboom, A.B., Grey policing: A theoretical framework. Policing and Society 2(1), pp. 17-30, 1991.
31. Hoover, Company Profiles: Wackenhut http: //www.pathfinder.com/money/hoovers/ corpdirectoryplus /w/wak.html, 1998.
32. House of Commons, First report of the Home Affairs Committee Session 1994-5. The Private Security Industry, Vol. 1, HC 17-1, London: HMSO, 1995.
33. Illich, I., Medical, Nemesis: The Expropriation of Health. London: Marion Boyars, 1975.
34. Jessop, B., Towards a Schumpeterian workfare state? Preliminary remarks on post-Fordist political economy. Studies in Political Economy, 40, pp. 7-39, 1993.
35. Johnston, L., The Rebirth of Private Policing. London: Routledge, 1992.
36. Johnston, L., Privatization and protection: Spatial and sectoral ideologies in British policing and crime prevention. Modern Law Review 56(6), pp. 771-92, 1993.
37. Johnston, L., What is vigilantism? British Journal of Criminology 36(2), pp. 220-236, 1996.
38. Johnston, L., Policing Britain: Risk, Security and Governance. London: Longman, forth-coming [a].
39. Johnston, L., Transnational commercial security. In: J. Sheptycki (Ed.), Issues in Transnational Policing. London: Routledge, forthcoming [b].
40. Jones, T. and T. Newburn, The regulation and control of the private security industry. In: W. Saulsbury, J. Mott and T. Newburn (Eds), Themes in Contemporary Policing, pp. 105-119. London: Independent Committee of Inquiry into the Roles and Responsi-bilities of the Police, 1996.
41. Jones, T. and T. Newburn, Private Security and Public Policing. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.
42. Jordan & Sons Ltd., Britain's Security Industry. London: Jordan & Sons, 1991.
43. Kakalik, J.S. and S. Wildhorn, Private Police in the United States. National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice: US Department of Justice. 4 volumes, 1971.
44. Kania, R.E., The French municipal police experiment. Police Studies 12(3), pp. 125-131, 1989.
45. Keegan, J., Private armies are a far cry from the sixties dogs of war. Electronic Telegraph, Issue 1083, 13 May 1998.
46. Kempa, M., R. Carrier, J. Wood and C. Shearing, Reflections on the evolving concept of 'private policing'. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 7(2), pp. 197-223, 1999 (this issue).
47. Klockars, C.B., The Dirty Harry problem. The Annals, 452, pp. 33-47, 1980.
48. Lilley, J.R. and P. Knepper, An international perspective on the privatization of corrections. The Howard Journal, 31(3), pp. 174-191, 1992.
49. Marx, G., Undercover: Police Surveillance in America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
50. Ministerie van Justitie, Society and Crime: A Policy Plan for the Netherlands. The Hague: Ministry of Justice, 1985.
51. MPRI, Company Info. Http://www.mpri.com/about/index.html, 1998.
52. Nalla, M. and G. Newman, A Primer in Private Security. New York: Harrow and Heston, 1990.
53. Narayan, S., The West European market for security products and services. International Security Review, Winter, pp. 28-29, 1994.
54. National Police Agency, White Paper on Police 1994 (Excerpt). Tokyo: National Police Agency, Government of Japan, 1994.
55. O'Malley, P. and D. Palmer, Post-Keynesian policing. Economy and Society, 25(2), pp. 137-155, 1996.
56. Osborne, D. and T. Gaebler, Reinventing Government. New York: Plume, 1993.
57. Parsons, T., Evolutionary universals in society. American Sociological Review 29(3), pp. 339-357, 1964.
58. Police Review, Fifty-five per cent favour private patrols. 6 August 1993.
59. Reiner, R., Policing and the police. In: M. Maguire, R. Morgan and R. Reiner (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, pp. 997-1049. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.
60. Rhodes, R., The hollowing out of the state: The changing nature of the public services in Britain. Political Quarterly, 65(2), pp. 138-151, 1994.
61. Rose, N., The death of the social? Re-figuring the territory of government. Economy and Society, 25(3), pp. 327-356, 1996.
62. Scull, A., Decarceration: Community Treatment and the Deviant: A Radical View. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1977.
63. Seceurop, http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/̃pycroft/index.html, 1998.
64. Shearing, C.D., The relation between public and private policing. In: M. Tonry and N. Morris (Eds), Modern Policing: Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Vol. 15, pp. 399-434. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
65. Shearing, C.D., Public and private policing. In: W. Saulsbury, J. Mott and T. Newburn (Eds), Themes in Contemporary Policing, pp. 83-95. London: Independent Committee of Inquiry into the Roles and Responsibilities of the Police, 1996.
66. Shearing, C.D. and P.C. Stenning, Modern private security: Its growth and implications. In: M. Tonry and N. Morris (Eds), Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Vol. 3, pp. 193-245. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
67. Shearing, C.D. and P.C. Stenning (Eds), Private Policing. California: Sage, 1987.
68. Simon, J., The ideological effects of actuarial practices. Law and Society Review, 22, p. 772, 1988.
69. South, N., Policing for Profit. London: Sage, 1988.
70. Spitzer, S., Security and control in capitalist societies: The fetishism of security and the secret thereof. In: J. Lowman, R.J. Menzies and T.S. Palys (Eds), Transcarceration: Essays in the Sociology of Social Control, pp. 43-58. Aldershot: Gower, 1987.
71. Spitzer, S. and A. Scull, Privatization and capitalist development: the case of the private police. Social Problems, 25(1), pp. 18-29, 1977.
72. Stephens, M. and S. Becker (Eds), Police Force Police Service. London: Macmillan, 1994.
73. Trickett, A., D. Elligworth, T. Hope and K. Pease, Victimization in the eighties: Changes in area and regional inequality. British Journal of Criminology, 35(3), pp. 343-359, 1995.
74. Vidal, J., The bypass of justice. The Guardian, 9 April 1996.
75. Wackenhut Corporation, Annual Report. March 1998.
76. Waters, M., Globalization. London: Routledge, 1995.
77. Weber, M., The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: Free Press, 1964.