Slopewash, surface runoff and fine-litter transport in forest and landslide scars in humid-tropical steeplands, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms

Volumn 24, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 481-502

  Larsen, Matthew C ^a   Torres Sánchez, Angel J ^a   Concepción, Iris M ^a  

^a GSA Center   (Puerto Rico)

Author keywords

Fine litter transport; Humid tropics; Landslides; Luquillo Experimental Forest; Puerto Rico; Rainfall; Slopewash; Steeplands; Surface runoff

Indexed keywords

FOREST; HILLSLOPE; HUMID TROPICS; LANDSLIDE; LITTER; SOIL EROSION; SURFACE RUNOFF; VEGETATION COVER;

PUERTO RICO;

EID: 0345062273     PISSN: 01979337     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199906)24:6<481::AID-ESP967>3.0.CO;2-G     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. ASTM, 1988. Standard test method for infiltration rale of soils in field using double-ring infiltrometers, American Society for Testing of Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D3385-88, 04..08, 407-412.
2. Bates, M. and Humphrey, P. S. (Eds) 1956. The Darwin Reader, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 470 pp.
3. Birot, P. 1968. The Cycle of Erosion in Different Climates, Batsford, London.
4. Birdsey, R. A. and Weaver, P. L. 1987. Forest Area Trends in Puerto Rico, US Department of Agriculture - Forest Service Research Note SO-331, 5 pp.
5. Boccheciamp, R. A. 1977. Soil Survey of the Humacao Area of Eastern Puerto Rico, US Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 103 pp.
6. Briggs, R. P. and Aguilar-Cortés, E. 1980. Geologic Map of the Fajardo and Cayo Icacos Quadrangles, Puerto Rico, Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1153, scale 1:20000, 1 sheet.
7. Brown, S., Lugo, A. E., Silander, S. and Liegel, L. 1983. Research History and Opportunities in Luquillo Experimental Forest, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report SO-44, 128 pp.
8. Bruenig, E. F. 1992. 'Tropical forest resources', in Furtado, J.I., Morgan, W.B., Pfafflin, J.R. and Ruddle, K. (Eds), Tropical Resources - ecology and development, Harwood Academic Publishers, Philadelphia, 67-96.
9. Cailleux, A. 1959. 'Etudes sur l'érosion et la sédimentation en Guyane', Mém. Expl. Carte géol. de la France, Dept. Guyane Française, Paris, 49-73.
10. Calvesbert, R. J. 1970. Climate of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, US Department of Commerce, Climatography of the US, 60-52, 29 pp.
11. Cerdà, A. and García-Fayos, P. 1997. 'The influence of slope angle on sediment, water and seed losses on badland landscapes', Geomorphology, 18 (2), 77-90.
12. Chatterjea, K. 1989. 'Surface wash - the dominant geomorphic process in the surviving rainforest of Singapore', Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 10(2), 95-109.
13. Chatterjea, K. 1994. 'Dynamics of fluvial and slope processes in the changing geomorphic environment of Singapore', Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 19, 585-607.
14. Colón, J. A. 1983. 'Algunos aspectos de la climatologia de Puerto Rico', Acta Cientifica, 23, 55-63.
15. Dalling, J. W. and Iremonger, S. 1994. 'Preliminary estimate of landslide disturbance in the Blue Mountains, Jamaica' Caribbean Journal of Science, 30(3-4), 290-292.
16. Darwin, C. 1881. 'The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits', London, 8 vols, Ch. 24.
17. Donnelly, T. W. 1989. 'Geologic history of the Caribbean and Central America' in Bally, A. W., and Palemer A R. (Eds), The Geology of North America - An Overview, Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, 299-321.
18. Douglas, I. 1967. 'Erosion of granite terrains under tropical rain forest in Australia, Malaysia, and Singapore', International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics/International Association of Scientific Hydrology Symposium on River Morphology, publication 75, 31-39.
19. Douglas, I. 1968. 'Erosion in the Sungei Gombak catchment Selangor', Journal of Tropical Geography, 26, 1-16.
20. Edmisten, J. 1970. 'Preliminary studies of the nitrogen budget of a tropical rain forest', in Odum, H. T. and Pigeon, R. F. (Eds), A Tropical Rain Forest, US Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va, H211-H215.
21. Ellis, S. and Mellor, A. 1995. Soils and Environment, Routledge, London, 364 pp.
22. Ewel, J. J. and Whitmore, J. L. 1973. The ecological life zones of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, US Department of Agriculture, Forestry Service Research Paper ITF-18, 72 pp.
23. Fitzhugh, R. 1992. 'Construction of simple surface runoff sampler', US Geological Survey, Water Resources Division Instrument News, 58, 1-2.
24. Foth, H. D. 1984. Fundamentals of Soil Science, John Wiley and Sons, 435 pp.
25. García-Martino, A. R., Warner, G. S., Scatena, F. N. and Civco, D. L. 1996. 'Rainfall, runoff, and elevational relationships in the Luquillo mountains of Puerto Rico', Caribbean Journal of Science, 32(4), 413-424.
26. Gellis, A. C., Webb, R. M. T., Wolfe, W. J. and McIntyre, S. C. I. (in press). Effects of land use on upland erosion, sediment transport and reservoir sedimentation, Lago Loiza watershed, Puerto Rico, US Geological Survey, Water Resources Investigation Report.
27. Gerlach, T. 1967. 'Hillslope troughs for measuring sediment movement', Revue de Geomorphologie Dynamique, Special edition to the International Hydrological Decade, 4, 173.
28. González, G., Zou, X. and Borges, S. 1996. 'Earthworm abundance and species composition in abandoned tropical croplands: comparisons of tree plantations and secondary forests', Pedobiologia, 40, 385-391.
29. Goudie, A. 1995. The Changing Earth, Rates of Geomorphological Processes, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 302 pp.
30. Guariguata, M. R. 1990. 'Landslide disturbance and forest regeneration in the upper Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico', Journal of Ecology, 78, 814-832.
31. Jordan, C. F. 1970. 'Flow of soil water in the lower montane tropical rain forest', in Odum, H. T. and Pigeon, R. F. (Eds), A Tropical Rain Forest, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. H201-H204.
32. Krynine, P. D. 1936. 'Geomorphology and sedimentation in the humid tropics', American Journal of Science, 32, 297-306.
33. Lambe, T. W. 1951. Soil Testing for Engineers, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 165 pp.
34. Larsen, M. C. 1995. 'Comparison of sediment yields from forested and agriculturally-developed montane humid-tropical watersheds, Puerto Rico', (abstract) International Association of Geomorphologists - Southeast Asia Conference, Singapore, 18-23 June 1995.
35. Larsen, M. C. 1997. Tropical geomorphology and geomorphic work: A study of geomorphic processes and sediment and water budgets in montane humid-tropical forested and developed watersheds, Puerto Rico, PhD dissertation, University of Colorado, 341 pp.
36. Larsen, M. C. and Parks, J.E. 1997. 'How wide is a road? The association of roads and mass-wasting disturbance in a forested montane environment', Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 22(8), 835-848.
37. Larsen, M. C. and Torres-Sánchez, A. J. 1992. 'Landslides triggered by the rainfall associated with Hurricane Hugo, eastern Puerto Rico, September 1989', Caribbean Journal of Science, 28(3-4), 113-120.
38. Larsen, M. C. and Simon, A. 1993. 'Rainfall-threshold conditions for landslides in a humid-tropical system, Puerto Rico' Geografiska Annaler, 75A(1-2), 13-23.
39. Larsen, M. C., Collar, P. D. and Stallard, R. F. 1993. Research plan for the investigation of water, energy, and biogeochemical budgets in the Luquillo mountains, Puerto Rico, US Geological Survey Open-file Report 92-150, 19 pp.
40. Larsen, M. C. and Torres-Sánchez, A. J. 1996. Geographic relations of landslide distribution and assessment of landslide hazards in the Blanco, Cibuco, and Coamo river basins, Puerto Rico, US Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 95-4029, 56 pp.
41. Larsen, M. C. and Conceptión, I. M. 1998. 'Water budgets of small forested and agriculturally-developed montane watershed in eastern Puerto Rico' in Segarra-García, R.I. (Ed.) Proceedings, Tropical Hydrology and Caribbean Water Resources, American Water Resources Association, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 13-16 July 1998, 199-204.
42. Larsen, M. C. and Torres-Sánchez, A. J. 1998. 'The frequency and distribution of recent landslides in three montane tropical regions of Puerto Rico' Geomorphology, 24(4), 309-331.
43. Lewis, L. A. 1981. 'The movement of soil materials during a rainy season in Western Nigeria', Geoderma, 25, 13-25.
44. Lewis, L. A. 1985. 'Assessing soil loss in Kiambu and Murang'a districts, Kenya', Geografiska Annaler, 67A(3-4), 273-284.
45. Lins, H. F. 1994. 'Recent directions taken in water, energy, and biogeochemical budgets research', EOS, Transaction of the American Geophysical Union, 75(38), 433-439.
46. Lodge, D. J., Scatena, F. N., Asbury, C. E. and Sánchez, M. J. 1991. 'Fine litterfall and related nutrient inputs resulting from Hurricane Hugo in subtropical wet and lower montane rain forests of Puerto Rico', Biotropica, 23, 336-342.
47. Lugo, A. E. and Scatena, F. N. 1995. 'Ecosystem-level properties of the LEF with emphasis on the Tabonoco Forest', in Lugo, A. E. and Lowe, C. (Eds), Tropical Forests: Management and Ecology, Ecological Studies 112, Springer-Verlag, 59-108.
48. Myster, R. W., Thomlinson, J. R. and Larsen, M. C. 1997. 'Predicting landslide vegetation using landscape characteristics of the Puerto Rican rain forest' Landscape Ecology, 12, 299-307.
49. Odum, H. T., Drewry, G. and Kline, J. R. 1970. 'Climate at El Verde' in Odum, H. T. and Pigeon, R. F. (Eds), A Tropical Rain Forest US Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA B347-B418.
50. Reading, A. J., Thompson, R. D. and Millington, A. C. 1995. Humid Tropical Environments, Blackwell, Cambridge, MA, 429 pp.
51. Ruxton, B.P. 1967. 'Slopewash under mature primary rainforest in northern Papua' in Jennings, J.N. and Mabbut, J.A. (Eds), Landform Studies from Australia and New Guinea, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 85-94.
52. Scatena, F. N. 1995. 'Relative scales of time and effectiveness of watershed processes in a tropical montane rain forest of Puerto Rico' in Costa, J.E., Miller, A.J., Potter, K.W., and Wilcock, P. R. (Eds), Natural and Anthropogenic Influences in Fluvial Geomorphology, American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 89, 103-111.
53. Scatena, F. N. and Larsen, M. C. 1991. 'Physical aspects of Hurricane Hugo in Puerto Rico', Biotropica, 23(4A), 317-323.
54. Scatena, F. N. and Lugo, A. E. 1995. 'Geomorphology, disturbance, and the soil and vegetation of two subtropical wet steepland watersheds of Puerto Rico', Geomorphology, 13, 199-213.
55. Scatena, F. N. Moya, S., Estrada, C. and Chinea, J. D. 1996. 'The first five years in the reorganization of aboveground biomass and nutrient use following Hurricane Hugo in the Bisley Experimental Watersheds, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico' Biotropica, 28, 424-440.
56. Schumm, S. A. 1956, 'The role of creep and rainwash on the retreat of badland slopes', American Journal of Science, 254, 693-706.
57. Seiders, V. M. 1971. Geologic map of the El Yunque quadrangle, Puerto Rico, U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-658, 1:20000 scale, 1 sheet.
58. Simon, A., Larsen, M. C. and Hupp, C. R. 1990. 'The role of soil processes in determining mechanisms of slope failure and hillslope development in a humid-tropical forest: eastern Puerto Rico', in Kneuper, P. L. K. and McFadden, L. D. (Eds), Soils and Landscape Evolution Geomorphology, 3, 263-286.
59. Sirvent, J., Desir, G., Gutierrez, M., Sancho, C. and Benito, G. 1997. 'Erosion rates in badland areas recorded by collectors, erosion pins and profilometer techniques (Ebro Basin, NE-Spain)' Geomorphology, 18(2), 61-75.
60. Smith, R. M. and Abruña, R. 1955. Soil and Water Conservation Research in Puerto Rico, 1938-1947, University of Puerto Rico, Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 124, 51 pp.
61. Stonestrom, D. A., White, A. F. and Akstin, K. C. 1998. 'Determining rates of chemical weathering in soils - solute transport versus profile evolution', Journal of Hydrology, 209, 331-345.
62. Temple, P. H. and Rapp, A., 1972. 'Landslides in the Mgeta area, Western Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania', Geografiska Annaler, 54A, 157-193.
63. Torres-Sierra, H. 1997. Hurricane Hortense impact on surface water in Puerto Rico, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-014-97, 4 pp.
64. Unesco/UNEP/FAO. 1978. Tropical Forest Ecosystems, Unesco, Paris.
65. US Department of Commerce. 1993. Climatological Data, Annual Summary, 1992, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 39.
66. US Department of Commerce. 1994. Climatological Data, Annual Summary, 1993, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 40.
67. US Department of Commerce. 1995. Climatological Data, Annual Summary, 1994, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 41.
68. US Department of Commerce. 1996. Climatological Data, Annual Summary, 1995, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 42.
69. Wadsworth, F. H. 1950. 'Notes on the climax forests of Puerto Rico and their destruction and conservation prior to 1900', The Caribbean Forester, 11(1), 38-46.
70. Waide, R. B. and Lugo, A. E. 1992. 'A research perspective on disturbance and recovery of a tropical montane forest', in Goldammer, J.G. (Ed.), Tropical Forests in Transition, Berkhauser-Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, 173-190.
71. Walker, L. R., Lodge, D. J., Brokaw, N. V. L. and Waide, R. B. 1991. 'An introduction to hurricanes in the Caribbean' Biotropica, 23(4), 313-316.
72. Walker, L. R., Zarin, D. J., Fetcher, N., Myster, R. W. and Johnson, A. H. 1996. 'Ecosystem development and plant succession on landslides in the Caribbean', Biotropica, 28, 566-576.
73. Williams, M. A. J. 1973. 'The efficacy of creep and slopewash in tropical and temperate Australia', Australian Geographical Studies, 11,62-78.
74. Williamson, G. B. 1983. 'Drip-tips, drop sizes and leaf drying', Biotropica, 15, 232-234.
75. Young, A. 1960. 'Soil movement by denudational processes on slopes', Nature, 188, 120-122.
76. Young, A. and Saunders, I. 1986. 'Rates of surface processes and denudation' in Abrahams, A. D. (Ed.), Hillslope Processes, Allen and Unwin, Boston, 1-27.
77. Zarin, D. J. and Johnson, A. H., 1995. 'Base saturation, nutrient cation, and organic matter increases during early pedogenesis on landslide scars in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico', Geoderma, 65, 317-330.
78. Zonneveld, J. I. S. 1975. 'Some problems of tropical geomorphology', Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie N.F., 19(4), 377-392.
79. Zou, X. and Gonzlez, G. 1997. 'Changes in earthworm density and community structure during secondary succession in abandoned tropical pastures', Soil Biology and Biochemistry., 29(3/4), 627-29.