Global distribution of sulphate in the troposphere. A three-dimensional model study

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 32, Issue 20, 1998, Pages 3593-3609

  Restad, Knut ^a   Isaksen, Ivar S A ^a   Berntsen, Terje K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

Anthropogenic and natural sulphur emissions; DMS; Model evaluation; Sulphate aerosols; Sulphur dioxide; Sulphur transport model

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL TRACER MODEL (CTM); SULPHATE;

ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; GAS EMISSIONS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OXIDATION; SULFUR DIOXIDE; TROPOSPHERE;

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS;

SULFATE; SULFUR DIOXIDE;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE; MODEL; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SULFATE; TROPOSPHERE;

AIR MONITORING; AIR POLLUTION; ARCTIC; ARTICLE; OXIDATION; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TROPOSPHERE; WINTER;

EID: 0345020417     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00081-8     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Andreae, M. O., Berresheim, H., Andreae, T. W., Kritz, M. A., Bates, T. S. and Merill, J. T. (1988) Vertical distribution of dimetylsulfide, sulphur dioxide, formic acid, aerosol ions and radon over the Northeast Pasific Ocean. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 6, 149-173.
2. Andreae, M. O. (1990) Ocean-atmosphere interactions in the global biogeochemical sulphur cycle. Marine Chemistry 30, 1-29.
3. Bates, T. S., Lamb, B. K., Guenther, A., Dignon, J. and Stoiber, R. E. (1992) Sulfur Emissions to the Atmosphere from Natural Sources. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 14, 315-357.
4. Benkovitz, C. M., Scholtz, M. T., Pacyna, J., Tarrason, L., Dignon, J., Voldner, E. C., Logan, P. A. and Graedel, T. E. (1995) Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulphur and nitrogen. Journal of Geophysical Research (submitted).
5. Berntsen, T. K. and Isaksen, I. S. A. (1997) A global three-dimensional chemical transport model for the troposphere; 1. model description and CO and ozone results, Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 21,239-21, 280.
6. Berntsen, T. K., Isaksen, I. S. A., Wang, W.-C. and Liang, X.-Z. (1995) Impacts of increased anthropogenic emissions in Asia on tropospheric ozone and climate: a global 3-D model study. Tellus (in press).
7. Berresheim, H., Andreae, M. O., Ayers, G. P., Gillet, R. W., Merill, J. T., Harris, V. J. and Chameides, W. L. (1990) Airborne measurements of dimethylsulfide, sulphur dioxide and aerosol ions over the southern ocean south of Australia. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 10, 342-370.
8. Chin, M., Jacob, D. J., Gardner, G. M., Foreman-Fowler, M. S. and Spiro, A. (1996) A global three-dimensional model of tropospheric sulphate. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 18,667-18,690.
9. DeMore, W. B., Sander, S. P., Golden, D. M., Hampson, R. F., Kurylo, M. J., Howard, C. J., Ravishankara, A. R., Kolb, C. E. and Molina, M. J. (1994) Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Stratospheric Modeling, Evaluation Number 11. JPL- Publication 94-26.
10. EMEP (1995a) European transboundary acidifying air pollution. Authors: K. Barrett, Ø. Seland, A. Foss, S. Mylona, H. Sandnes, H. Styve and L. Tarrasón. EMEP/MSC-W Report 1/95, the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (DNMI).
11. EMEP (1995a) European transboundary acidifying air pollution. Authors: K. Barrett, Ø. Seland, A. Foss, S. Mylona, H. Sandnes, H. Styve and L. Tarrasón. EMEP/MSC-W Report 1/95, the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (DNMI).
12. EMEP (1995b) Data Report 1993 part 1: Annual summaries Authors: A.-G. Hjellbrekke, G. Løvblad, K. Sjøberg, J. Schaug and J.E. Skjelmoen. EMEP/CCC-Report 7/95, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), 1995.
13. EMEP (1995b) Data Report 1993 part 1: Annual summaries Authors: A.-G. Hjellbrekke, G. Løvblad, K. Sjøberg, J. Schaug and J.E. Skjelmoen. EMEP/CCC-Report 7/95, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), 1995.
14. EMEP (1995c) Data Report 1993 part 2: Monthly and seasonal summaries. Authors: G. Løvblad, A.-G. Hjellbrekke, K. Sjøberg, J. E. Skjelmoen and J. Schaug. EMEP/CCC- Report 8/95, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU).
15. EMEP (1995c) Data Report 1993 part 2: Monthly and seasonal summaries. Authors: G. Løvblad, A.-G. Hjellbrekke, K. Sjøberg, J. E. Skjelmoen and J. Schaug. EMEP/CCC-Report 8/95, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU).
16. Feichter, J., Kjellstrøm, E., Rodhe, H., Dentener, F., Lelieveld, J. and Roelofs, G.-J. (1996) Simulation of the tropospheric sulphur cycle in a global climate model. Atmospheric Environment 30, 1693-1707.
17. Gillett, R. W., Ayers, G. P., Ivey, J. P. and Gras, J. L. (1993) Measurement of dimethylsulfide, sulphur dioxide, methane sulfonic acid and non sea salt sulphate at the Cape Grim baseline station. Dimethylsulphide: Oceans, Atmosphere and Climate 117-128.
18. Hansen, J., Russel, G., Rind, D., Stone, P., Lacis, A., Lebedeff, S., Ruedy, R. and Travis, L. (1983) Efficient three dimensional global models for climate studies: models I and II, Monthly Weather Review 111, 609-662.
19. Hertel, O., Christensen, J. and Hov, Ø. (1994) Modelling of the end products of the chemical decomposition of DMS in the marine boundary layer. Atmospheric Environment 28, 2431-2449.
20. Hesstvedt, E., Hov, Ø. and Isaksen, I. S. A. (1978) Quasi steady-state approximation in air pollution modelling: Comparison of two numerical schemes for oxidant prediction. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics X, 971-994.
21. Huebert, B. J., Howell, S., Laj, P., Johnson, J. E., Bates, T. S., Quinn, P. K., Yegorov, V., Clarke, A. D. and Porter, J. N. (1993) Observations of the atmospheric sulphur cycle on SAGA 3. Journal of Geophysical Research 98, 16,985-16,995.
22. 222Rn and other short-lived tracers. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 5953-5970.
23. Langner, J. and Rodhe, H. (1991) A global three-dimensional model of the atmospheric sulphur cycle. Journal of Atmosperic Chemistry 13, 225-263.
24. Leek, C., Nilsson. D. and Persson, C. (1993) Biogenic sulphur in the marine boundary layer of the arctic-The international arctic ocean expedition, 1991. Dimethylsulphide: Oceans, Atmosphere and Climate 103-115.
25. Levy, H., Galloway, J. N., Eliassen, A., Fischer, B. E. A., Gorzelska, K., Hastie, D. R., Moody, J. L., Ryaboshapko, A. G., Savoie, A. G. and Whelpdale, D. M. (1990) The long-range transport of sulphur and nitrogen compounds. In The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Natural and Contaminant Substances, A. H. Knap (ed.), pp. 231-257. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
26. Liss, P. S., Malin, G. and Turner, S. M. (1993) Production of DMS by marine phytoplankton. Dimethylsulphide: Oceans, Atmosphere and Climate 1-14.
27. Luce, C., Pashalidis, S., Girard, R., Carlier, P. and Morelli, J. (1993) Characterization of parameters controlling atmospheric concentrations of biogenic dimetylsuphide near a coastal algae field. Dimethylsulphide: Oceans, Atmosphere and Climate, 129-141.
28. Meixner, F. X. (1984) The vertical sulphur dioxide distribution at the tropopause level. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 2, 175-189.
29. Nguyen, B. C., Bergeret, C. and Lambert, G. (1984) Exchange rates of dimethyl sulfide between ocean and atmosphere. In Gas Transfer of Water Surfaces, W. Brutsaert og G. H. Jirka (ed.), pp. 539-545. D. Reidel, Norwell, Massachussetts.
30. Ockelmann, G. E. F. and Georgii, H. W. (1989) Großräumige Verteilung des atmosphärischen Schwefeldioxids in der freien Troposphäre. Meteorol. Rdsch. 41, 136-146.
31. Pham, M., Müller, J.-F., Brasseur, G. P., Granier, C. and Mégie, G. (1995) A three-dimensional study of the tropospheric sulphur cycle. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 26,061-26,092.
32. Prather, M. (1986) Numerical advection by conservation of second-order moments. Journal of Geophysical Research 91, 6671-6681.
33. Prather, M., McElroy, M., Wofsy, S., Russel, G. and Rind, D. (1987) Chemistry of the global troposphere: fluorocarbons as tracers of air motion. Journal of Geophysical Research 92, pp 6579-6613.
34. 3 and global OH concentrations. Science 269, 187-192.
35. Rodhe, H. and Grandell, J. (1972) On the removal time of aerosol particles from the atmosphere by precipitation scavenging. Tellus 24, 442-454.
36. Rodhe, H. and Isaksen, I. S. A. (1980) Global distribution of sulphur compounds in the tropsophere estimated in a height/latitude transport model. Journal of Geophysical Research 85, 7401-7409.
37. Saltzmann, E. S. and Cooper, D. J. (1988) Shipboard measurements of atmospheric dimethylsulfide and hydrogen sulfide in the Carribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 7, 191-209.
38. Savoie, D. L., Prospero, J. M., Larsen, R. J., Huang, F., Izaquirre, M. A., Huang, T., Snowdon, T. H., Custals, L. and Sanderson, C. G. (1993) Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 17, 95-122.
39. Simkin, T., Siebert, L., McClelland, L., Bridge, D., Newall, C. and Latter, J. R. (1981) Volcanoes of the World, Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsbourg, PA.
40. Spiro, P. A, Jacob, D. J. and Logan, J. A. (1992) Global inventory of Sulfur Emissions with 1° × 1° Resolution. Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 6023-6036.
41. Staubes, R. and Georgii, H.-W. (1993) Measurements of atmospheric and seawater DMS concentrations in the Atlantic, the Artic and Antarctic region. Dimethylsulphide: Oceans, atmosphere and Climate 95-102.
42. Stoiber, R. E., Williams, S. N. and Huebert, B. (1987) Annual contribution of sulphur dioxide to the atmosphere by volcanoes. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 33, 1-8.
43. Suhre, K., Andreae, M. O. and Rosset, R. (1995) Biogenic sulphur emissions and aerosols over the tropical South Atlantic. 2. One Dimensional simulation of sulphur chemistry in the marine boundary layer. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 11,323-11, 334.
44. Thornton, D. C., Bandy, A. R. and Blomquist, B. W. (1996) Sulfur dioxide as a source of condensation nuclei in the upper troposphere of the Pasific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 1883-1890.
45. Turnipseed, A. A. and Ravishankara, A. R. (1993) The atmospheric oxidation of dimethyl sulfide: Elementary steps in a complex mechanism. Dimethylsulphide: Oceans, Atmosphere and Climate 185-195.
46. Wylie, D. J., Harvey, M. J., de Mora, S. J., Boydog, I. S. and Liley, J. B. (1993) Dimethylsulfide and aerosol measurements at Ross Island, Antarctica. Dimethylsulphide: Oceans, Atmosphere and Climate 85-94.
47. Yvon, S. A., Plane, J. M. C., Nien, C-F., Cooper, D. J., Saltzmann, E. S. (1996) Interaction between nitrogen and sulphur cycles in the polluted marine boundary layer. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 1379-1386.