Individual and community effects of women's education and autonomy on contraceptive use in India

Population Studies

Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 285-301

  Moursund, Anne ^a   Kravdal, Øystein ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

Community; Contraception; Education; Fertility; India; Knowledge; Multilevel; Wanted fertility; Women's autonomy

Indexed keywords

BIRTH RATE; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; EDUCATION; MOTHERS EDUCATION; WOMENS STATUS;

INDIA;

EID: 0344983252     PISSN: 00324728     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0032472032000137817     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Amin, S., I. Diamond, and F. Steele. 1996. Contraception and religious practice in Bangladesh, in G. W. Jones, R. M. Douglas, J. C. Caldwell, and R. M. D'Souza (eds.), The Continuing Demographic Transition. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2. Angeles, G., D. Guilkey, and T. A. Mroz. 1998. Purposive program placement and the estimation of family planning program effects in Tanzania, Journal of American Statistical Association 93: 884-899.
3. Arnold, F., M. K. Choe, and T. K. Roy. 1998. Son preference, the family building process and child mortality in India, Population Studies 52: 301-315.
4. Ashford, L. 2001. New population policies: advancing women's health and rights, Population Bulletin 56(1).
5. Balk, D. 1997. Defying gender norms in Bangladesh: a social and demographic analysis. Population Studies 51: 153-172.
6. Bankole, A. and S. Sing. 1998. Couples' fertility and contraceptive decision-making in developing countries: hearing the man's voice, International Family Planning Perspectives 24: 15-24.
7. Basu, A. M. 1996. Girls schooling, autonomy and fertility change-what does these word mean in South Asia, in R. Jeffrey and A. Basu (eds.), Girls Schooling, Autonomy and Fertility Change in South Asia. New Dehli: Sage.
8. Basu, A. M. 2002. Why does education lead to lower fertility? A critical review of some of the possibilities, World Development 30: 1779-1790.
9. Bhat, P. N. M. 2002. Returning a favor: reciprocity between female education and fertility in India, World Development 30: 1791-1803.
10. Bollen, K. A., J. L. Glanville, and G. Stecklov. 2002. Economic status proxies in studies of fertility in developing countries, Population Studies 56: 81-96.
11. Bongaarts, J. and S. C. Watkins. 1996. Social interactions and contemporary fertility transitions. Population and Development Review 22: 639-682.
12. Caldwell, J. 1980. Mass education as a determinant of the timing of fertility decline, Population and Development Review 6: 225-255.
13. Clark, S. 2000. Son preference and sex composition, evidence from India, Demography 37: 95-108.
14. Cleland, J. and C. Wilson. 1987. Demand theories of the fertility transition: an iconoclastic view, Population Studies 41: 5-30.
15. Cleland, J. and G. Rodriguez. 1988. The effect of parental education on marital fertility in developing countries, Population Studies 42: 419-442.
16. Cleland, J. and S. Jejeebhoy. 1996. Maternal schooling and fertility, in R. Jeffrey and A. Basu (eds.), Girls Schooling, Autonomy and Fertility Change in South Asia. New Dehli: Sage.
17. Cleland, J., N. Kamal, and A. Sloggett. 1996. Links between fertility regulation and the schooling and autonomy of women in Bangladesh, in R. Jeffrey and A. Basu (eds.), Girls Schooling, Autonomy and Fertility Change in South Asia. New Dehli: Sage.
18. Das Gupta, M. 1987. Selective discrimination against female children in rural Punjab, India, Population and Development Review 13: 77-100.
19. Dharmalingam, A. and S. P. Morgan. 1996. Women's work, autonomy, and birth control: evidence from two south Indian villages, Population Studies 50: 187-201.
20. Donaldson, P. 2002. The elimination of contraceptive acceptor targets and the evolution of population policy in India, Population Studies 56: 97-110.
21. Drèze, J. and M. Murthi. 2001. Fertility, education and development: evidence from India, Population and Development Review 27: 33-64.
22. Dyson, T. and M. Moore. 1983. On kinship structure, female autonomy, and demographic behavior in India, Population and Development Review 9: 35-60.
23. Guilmoto, C. Z. and S. I. Rayan. 2001. Spatial patterns of fertility transition in Indian districts, Population and Development Review 27: 713-738.
24. Hirschman, C. and P. Guest. 1990. Multilevel models of fertility determination in four Southeast Asian countries: 1970 and 1980, Demography 27: 369-396.
25. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ORC Macro. 2000. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), 1998-1999: India. Mumbai: IIPS.
26. Jejeebhoy, S. 1995. Women's Education, Autonomy and Reproductive Behavior: Experience from Developing Countries. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
27. Jejeebhoy, S. and Z. Sathar. 2001. Women autonomy in India and Pakistan: the influence of religion and region, Population and Development Review 27: 687-712.
28. Johnson-Hanks, J. 2002. On the modernity of traditional contraception: time and the social context of fertility, Population and Development Review 28: 229-250.
29. Kohler, H.-P., J. R. Behrman, and S. C. Watkins. 2001. The density of social networks and fertility decisions: evidence from South Nyanza district, Kenya, Demography 38: 43-58.
30. Kravdal, Ø. 2000. A search for aggregate-level effects of education on fertility, using data for Zimbabwe, Demographic Research. Available: www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol3/3
31. Kravdal, Ø. 2001. High fertility among college educated women in Norway: an artefact of the separate modeling of each parity transition. Demographic Research. Available: www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol5/6
32. Kravdal, Ø. 2002. Education and fertility in sub-Saharan Africa: individual and community effects, Demography 39: 233-250.
33. Lillard, L. A. and C. W. A. Panis. 2000. aML Multilevel Multiprocess Statistical Software. Release 1.0. Econware, Los Angeles, CA.
34. Malhotra, A., R. Vanneman, and S. Kishor. 1995. Fertility, dimensions of patriarchy and development in India, Population and Development Review 21: 281-305.
35. Mason, K. 1997. How family position influence married women's autonomy and power in five Asian countries. Revision of a paper prepared for the CICRED Seminar on Women and the Family, Paris, 1997.
36. Mason, K. and H. Smith. 2000. Husband's versus wives fertility goals and use of contraception: the influence of gender context in five Asian countries, Demography 37: 299-311.
37. McNay, K., P. Arokiasamy, and R. H. Cassen. 2003. Why are uneducated women in India using contraception? A multilevel analysis, Population Studies 57(1): 21-40.
38. Montgomery, M. R. and J. B. Casterline. 1996. Social learning, social influence and new models of fertility, Population and Development Review 22(Suppl.): 151-175.
39. Morgan, S. P., S. Stash, H. L. Smith, and K. O. Mason. 2002. Muslim and non-Muslim differences in female autonomy and fertility: evidence from four Asian countries, Population and Development Review 28: 515-537.
40. Panandiker, V. and P. Umashankar. 1994. Fertility control and politics in India. Population and Development Review 20: 89-104.
41. United Nations. 1995. Women's Education and Fertility Behaviour, ST/ESA/SER.R/137. New York: Population Division.
42. World Bank. 2000. Engendering Development. Washington.