Hertel exophthalmometry: Reliability and interobserver variation

Orbit

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 239-245

  Kashkouli, Mohsen Bahmani ^a   Beigi, Bijan ^c   Noorani, Mohammad Mahdi ^b   Nojoomi, Marzieh ^b  

^a IRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b IRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^c NORFOLK AND NORWICH UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Eye protrusion; Hertel exophthalmometry; Inter observer variation; Measurement reliability

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHI SQUARE TEST; CHILD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DATA ANALYSIS; EYE MALFORMATION; FEMALE; HERTEL EXOPHTHALMOMETRY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEASUREMENT; OBSERVER VARIATION; OCULOGRAPHY; RELIABILITY; RESIDENT; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SURGEON;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CHILD; EXOPHTHALMOS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBSERVER VARIATION; OPHTHALMOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS;

EID: 0344946378     PISSN: 01676830     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1076/orbi.22.4.239.17245     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Cole HP III, Couvillion JT, Fink AJ, et al. Exophthalmometry: A comparative study of the Naugle and Hertel instruments. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;13(3): 189-194.
2. Migliori ME, Gladstone GJ. Determination of the normal range of exophthalmometric values for black and white adults. Am J Ophthalmol. 1984;98: 438-442.
3. Watson PG. An instrument for measuring ocular displacement: the ocular topometer. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1967;87:409-430.
4. Kratky V, Hurwitz JJ. Hertel exophthalmometry without orbital rim contact. Ophthalmology. 1994; 101(5):931-937.
5. Yeatts RP, Van Rens E, Taylor CL. Measurement of globe position in complex orbital fractures. I. A modification of Hertel's exophthalmometer, using the external auditory canal as a reference point. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;8(2): 114-118.
6. Glaser JS. Orbital diseases and neuroophthalmology. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's clinical ophthalmology. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1998; vol. 2, chapt. 14.
7. Hertel E. Ein einfaches Exophthalmometer. Arch Ophthalmol. 1905;60:171-174.
8. Davanger M. Principles and sources of error in exophthalmometry. A new exophthalmometer. Acta Ophthalmol. 1970;48(4):625-633.
9. Naugle TC, Couvillion JT. A superior and inferior orbital rim-based exophthalmometer (orbitometer). Ophthalmic Surg. 1992;23(12):836-837.
10. Gibson RA, Sander Son HF. Observer variation in ophthalmology. Br J Ophthalmol. 1980;64:457-460.
11. Lichter PR. Variability of expert observers in evaluating the optic disc. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1976;74:532-572.
12. Sloane AE, Dunphy EB, Emmons WV, Gallagher JR. A comparison of refraction results on the same individuals. Am J Ophthalmol. 1954;37:696-699.
13. Olsen T, Nielsen CB, Ehlers N. On the optical measurement of corneal thickness. II. The measuring conditions and sources of error. Acta Ophthalmol. 1980;58:975-984.
14. Assaad FA, Maxwell-Lyons F. Systematic observer variation in trachoma studies. Bull WHO. 1967; 36:885-900.
15. Milton RC, Ganley JP, Lynk RH. Variability in grading diabetic retinopathy from stereo fundus photographs: comparison of physician and lay readers. Br J Ophthalmol. 1977;61:192-201.
16. Musch DC, Frueh BR, Landis JR. The reliability of Hertel exopohthalmometry. Observer variation between physician and lay readers. Ophthalmology. 1985;92:(9) 1177-1180.
17. O'Donnell NP, Virdi M, Kemp EG. Hertel exophthalmometry: the most appropriate measuring technique. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999;83:1069.
18. Hessemer T, Kolling GH. A new method for measuring exophthalmos. The slit lamp exophthalmometer. Ophthalmologe. 1994;91(1):36-40.
19. Lang J, Schafer WD, Grafen W, Wallner B. Side differences in the position of the corneal apex in relation to the lateral orbital margin (measurements with the Hertel exophthalmometer). Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1985;187(6):521-524.
20. Dunsky IL. Normative data for Hertel exophthalmometry in a normal adult black population. Optom Vis Sci. 1992;69(7):562-504.
21. Bolanos Gil de Montes F, Perez Resinas FM, Rodriguez Garcia M, Gonzalez Ortiz M. Exophthalmometry in Mexican adults. Rev Invest Clin. 1999;51(6): 341-343.
22. Nucci P, Brancato R, Bandello F, et al. Normal exophthalmometric values in children. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;108:582-584.
23. Sleep TJ, Manners RM. Interinstrument variability in Hertel-type exophthalmometers. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;18(4):254-257.