Risk factors for incident HIV infection among anonymous HIV testing site clients in Santos, Brazil: 1996-1999

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volumn 32, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 551-559

  Alves, Katia ^a,b   Shafer, Kimberly Page ^c   Caseiro, Marcos ^d   Rutherford, George ^c   Falcao, Maria Elvira ^e   Sucupira, Maria Cecília ^d   Busch, Michael P ^a   Rawal, Bhupat D ^a   Diaz, Ricardo S ^d  

^a Blood Centers of the Pacific   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^e Ctro Testagem e Aconselham Santos   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Anal sex; HIV infection; Sensitive less sensitive testing strategy; Sexually transmitted disease

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INCIDENCE; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POPULATION RISK; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; PROSTITUTION; RISK FACTOR; SEROCONVERSION; SEROLOGY; SERUM; SEXUALITY; SYPHILIS; VIRUS DETECTION;

ADULT; ALGORITHMS; AMBULATORY CARE FACILITIES; ANONYMOUS TESTING; BRAZIL; FEMALE; HIV ANTIBODIES; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 0344838339     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200304150-00014     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Katz MH, Schwarcz SK, Kellogg TA, et al. Impact of highly active antiretroviral treatment on HIV seroincidence among men who have sex with men: San Francisco. Am J Public Health. 2002;92: 388-394.
2. Detels R, Munoz A, McFarlane G, et al. Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy on time to AIDS and death in men with known HIV infection duration. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Investigators. JAMA. 1998;280:1497-1503.
3. Palella FJ, Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:853-860.
4. Rutherford GW, Schwarcz SK, McFarland W. Surveillance for incident HIV infection: new technology and new opportunities. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;25(suppl 2):S115-S119.
5. Janssen RS, Satten GA, Stramer SL, et al. New testing strategy to detect early HIV-1 infection for use in incidence estimates and for clinical and prevention purposes. JAMA. 1998;280:42-48.
6. Withum DG, Janssen RS, Mei JV, et al. Serological testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion (STARHS): CDC's investigational new drug (IND) program and uses of a testing strategy to detect early HIV-1 infection [abstract ThPeC7603]. Presented at the XIV International AIDS Conference, Barcelona, July 2002.
7. Linley L, Withum D, Weinstock H, et al. Using STARHS to Estimate HIV-1 incidence among patients attending STD clinics in selected U.S. cities, 1997-1999 [abstract TuPeC4865]. Presented at the XIV International AIDS Conference, Barcelona, July 2002.
8. McFarland W, Busch MP, Kellogg TA, et al. Detection of early HIV infection and estimation of incidence using a sensitive/less-sensitive enzyme immunoassay testing strategy at anonymous counseling and testing sites in San Francisco. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999;22:484-489.
9. McFarland W, Caceres CF. HIV surveillance among men who have sex with men. AIDS. 2001;15(suppl 3):S23-S32.
10. McFarland W, Kellogg TA, Louie B, et al. Low estimates of HIV seroconversions among clients of a drug treatment clinic in San Francisco, 1995 to 1998. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;23: 426-429.
11. Schwarcz S, Kellogg T, McFarland W, et al. Differences in the temporal trends of HIV seroincidence and seroprevalence among sexually transmitted disease clinic patients, 1989-1998: application of the serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153:925-934.
12. Kellogg T, McFarland W, Katz M. Recent increases in HIV seroconversion among repeat anonymous testers in San Francisco [letter]. AIDS. 1999;13:2303-2304.
13. Schechter M, do Lago RF, de Melo MF, et al. Identification of a high-risk heterosexual population for HIV prevention trials in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Projeto Praco Onze Study Group. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;24:175-177.
14. Diaz RS, Kallas EG, Castelo A, et al. Use of a new 'less-sensitive enzyme immunoassay' testing strategy to identify recently infected persons in a Brazilian prison: estimation of incidence and epidemiological tracing. AIDS. 1999;13:1417-1418.
15. Guimaraes LM, Bastos FI, Teles PR, et al. Retrovirus in a sample of injection drug users in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil: prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes, and co-infection with HTLV-I and II. J Clin Virol. 2001;21:143-151.
16. Turchi MD, Diaz RS, Martelli CT, et al. Genetic diversity and HIV-1 incidence estimation among cocaine users in São Paulo, Brazil. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002;30:527-532.
17. Coordenacao Nacional de DST/AIDS. Boletim epidemiologico, AIDS, At http://www.aids.gov.br. Accessed October 2001 to March 2002.
18. Lacerda R, Stall R, Gravato N, et al. HIV infection and risk behaviors among male port workers in Santos, Brazil. Am J Public Health. 1996;86:1158-1160.
19. Lacerda R, Gravato N, McFarland W, et al. Truck drivers in Brazil: prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, risk behavior and potential for spread of infection. AIDS. 1997;11 (suppl 1):S15-19.
20. Mesquita F, Bueno R, Araujo PJ, et al. Rapidly responding to injecting drug use and HIV in Brazil: a field-report from Sao Vicente, São Paulo State. Int J Drug Policy. 2000;11:133-144.
21. de Carvalho HB, Mesquita F, Massad E, et al. HIV and infections of similar transmission patterns in a drug injectors community of Santos, Brazil. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996;12:84-92.
22. Cooper DA, Imrie AA, Penny R. Antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus after primary infection. J Infect Dis. 1987; 155:1113-1118.
23. Lange JM, Parry JV, de Wolf F, et al. Diagnostic value of specific IgM antibodies in primary HIV infection. AIDS. 1988;2:31-35.
24. McDougal JS, Kennedy MS, Nicholson JK, et al. Antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus in homosexual men. Relation of antibody specificity, titer, and isotype to clinical status, severity of immunodeficiency, and disease progression. J Clin Invest. 1987;80:316-324.
25. Sabino EC, Diaz RS, Brigido LF, et al. Distribution of HIV-1 subtypes seen in an AIDS clinic in Sao Paulo City, Brazil. AIDS. 1996;10:1579-1584.
26. Tanuri A, Swanson P, Devare S, et al. HIV-1 subtypes among blood donors from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999;20:60-66.
27. Guimaraes MD, Munoz A, Boschi-Pinto C, et al. HIV infection among female partners of seropositive men in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro Heterosexual Study Group. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;142:538-547.
28. Misegades L, Page-Shafer K, Halperin D, et al. Anal intercourse among young low-income women in California: an overlooked risk factor for HIV? AIDS. 2001;15:534-535.
29. Halperin D. HIV, STDs, anal sex and AIDS prevention policy in a northeastern Brazilian city. Int J STD AIDS. 1998;9:294-298.
30. Lurie P, Fernandes ME, Hughes V, et al. Socioeconomic status and risk of HIV-1, syphilis and hepatitis B infection among sex workers in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Instituto Adolfo Lutz Study Group. AIDS. 1995;9(suppl 1):S31-S37.
31. Goldstein MD. AIDS and women in Brazil: the emerging problem. Soc Sci Med. 1994;39:919-929.
32. Antunes MC, Stall RD, Paiva V, et al. Evaluating an AIDS sexual risk reduction program for young adults in public night schools in Sao Paulo, Brazil. AIDS. 1997;11(suppl 1):S121-S127.
33. Padian NS, Shiboski SC, Glass SO, et al. Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in northern California: results from a ten-year study. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146:350-357.
34. Padian NS, Shiboski SC, Jewell NP. The effect of number of exposures on the risk of heterosexual HIV transmission. J Infect Dis. 1990;161:883-887.
35. Leynaert B, Downs AM, de Vincenzi I. Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: variability of infectivity throughout the course of infection. European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;148:88-96.
36. Grosskurth H, Gray R, Hayes R, et al. Control of sexually transmitted diseases for HIV-1 prevention: understanding the implications of the Mwanza and Rakai trials. Lancet. 2000;55:1981-1987.
37. Fleming DT, Wasserheit JN. From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection. Sex Transm Infect. 1999;75:3-17.
38. Levine WC, Revollo R, Kaune V, et al. Decline in sexually transmitted disease prevalence in female Bolivian sex workers: impact of an HIV prevention project. AIDS. 1998;2:1899-1906.
39. Ministerio do Trabalho e Emprego. Fundo de amparo ao trabalhador, relatorio gerencial, comportamento do mercado de trabalho. 1999:13. (http://www.mtb.gov.br/Temas/Fat/RelatorioGer/)
40. Parekh BS, Hu DJ, Vanichseni S, et al. Evaluation of a sensitive/less-sensitive testing algorithm using the 3A11-LS assay for detecting recent HIV seroconversion among individuals with HIV-1 subtype B or E infection in Thailand. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2001;17:453-458.