Characterisation of a unipolar charger for droplet aerosols of 0.1- 20 μm in diameter

Journal of Aerosol Science

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 117-134

  Frank, Göran P ^a,b   Cederfelt, Sven Inge ^a   Martinsson, Bengt G ^a  

^a LUND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cloud droplet; DAA; Droplet Aerosol Analyser; Fog droplet; Unipolar charging

Indexed keywords

CALIBRATION; CLOUDS; FOG; PARTICLES (PARTICULATE MATTER);

CHARGE DISTRIBUTION; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYZERS; ION CURRENT;

AEROSOLS;

AEROSOL; CLOUD DROPLET; FOG; INSTRUMENTATION; MEASUREMENT METHOD;

AEROSOL; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; CALIBRATION; CLOUD; ION CURRENT; MEASUREMENT; MODEL; PARTICLE SIZE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0344825167     PISSN: 00218502     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0021-8502(03)00384-7     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Adachi M., Kousaka Y., Okuyama K. Unipolar and bipolar diffusion charging of ultrafine aerosol particles. Journal of Aerosol Science. 16:1985;109-123.
2. Adachi M., Okuyama K., Kousaka Y., Kozuru H., Pui D.Y.H. Diffusion charging of ultrafine aerosol particles by positive helium, argon and nitrogen ions. Journal of Applied Physics. 62:1987;3050-3052.
3. Adachi M., Romay F.J., Pui D.Y.H. High-efficiency unipolar aerosol charger using a radioactive alpha source. Journal of Aerosol Science. 23:1992;123-137.
4. Büscher P., Schmidt-Ott A., Wiedensohler A. Performance of a unipolar "square wave" diffusion charger with variable Nt-product. Journal of Aerosol Science. 25:1994;651-663.
5. Cederfelt, S.-I., & Martinsson, B. G. (1996). A charging unit for droplet aerosols. Internal Report, Lund University, Division of Nuclear Physics, LUTFD2/(TFKF-3080)/1-8/(1996).
6. Cederfelt S.-I., Martinsson B.G., Svenningsson B., Wiedensohler A., Frank G., Hansson H.-C., Swietlicki E., Wendish M., Beswick K.M., Bower K.N., Gallagher M.W., Pahl S., Maser R., Shell D. Field validation of the droplet aerosol analyser. Atmospheric Environment. 31(16):1997;2657-2670.
7. Chen D.-R., Pui D.Y.H. A high efficiency, high throughput unipolar aerosol charger for nanoparticles. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 1:1999;115-126.
8. Fjeld R.A., Gauntt R.O., McFarland A.R. Continuum field-diffusion theory for bipolar charging of aerosols. Journal of Aerosol Science. 14:1983;541-556.
9. Fjeld R.A., McFarland A.R. Evaluation of select approximations for calculating particle charging rates in the continuum regime. Aerosol Science and Technology. 10:1989;535-549.
10. Flagan R.C. History of electral aerosol measurements. Aerosol Science and Technology. 28:1998;301-380.
11. Frank G., Martinsson B.G., Cederfelt S.-I., Berg O.H., Swietlicki E., Wendish M., Yuskiewicsz B., Heintzenberg J., Orsini D., Stratmann F., Laj P., Ricci L. Droplet formation and growth in polluted fogs. Contributions Atmospheric Physics. 71:1998;65-85.
12. Griffiths W.D., Iles P.J., Vaughan N.P. The behaviour of liquid droplet Aerosols in an APS 3300. Journal of Aerosol Science. 17:1986;921-930.
13. Gunn R. The statistical electrification of aerosols by ionic diffusion. Journal of Colloid Science. 10:1955;107-119.
14. Gunn R. The ratio of the positive and negative light ion conductivities within a neutral aerosol space. Journal of Colloid Science. 11:1956;691-696.
15. Hewitt G.W. The charging of small particles for electrostatic precipitation. Transactions on A.I.E.E. 76:1957;300-306.
16. Hinds W.C. Aerosol technology - properties, behaviour and measurements of airborne particles. 2nd ed. 1999;Wiley, Inc. New York.
17. Hoppel W.A., Frick G.M. The nonequilibrium character of the aerosol charge distribution produced by neutralisers. Aerosol Science and Technology. 12:1990;471-496.
18. Kirsch A.A., Zagnit'ko A.V. Diffusion charging of submicrometer aerosol particles by unipolar ions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 80:1981;111-117.
19. Kirsch A.A., Zagnit'ko A.V. Field charging of fine aerosol particles by unipolar ions. Aerosol Science and Technology. 12:1990;465-470.
20. Klett J.D. Ion transport to cloud droplets by diffusion and conduction, and the resulting droplet charge distribution. Journal of Atmospheric Science. 28:1971;78-85.
21. Lawless P.A. Particle charging bounds, symmetry relations, and an analytic charging rate model for the continuum regime. Journal of Aerosol Science. 27:1996;191-215.
22. Liu B.Y.H., Kapadia A. Combined field and diffusion charging of aerosol particles in the continuum regime. Journal of Aerosol Science. 9:1978;227-242.
23. Liu B.Y.H., Pui D.Y.H. On the performance of the electrical aerosol analyser. Journal of Aerosol Science. 6:1975;249-264.
24. Martinsson B.G. Physical basis for a droplet aerosol analysing method. Journal of Aerosol Science. 27:1996;997-1013.
25. Martinsson B.G., Cederfelt S.-I., Svenningsson B., Frank G., Hansson H.-C., Swietlicki E., Wiedensohler A., Wendisch M., Gallagher M.W., Colvile R.N., Beswick K.M., Choularton T.W., Bower K.N. Experimental determination of the connection between cloud droplet size and its dry residue size. Atmospheric Environment. 31(16):1997;2477-2490.
26. Martinsson B.G., Frank G., Cederfelt S.-I., Berg O.H., Mentes B., Papaspiropoulos G., Swietlicki E., Zhou J., Flynn M., Bower K.N., Choularton T.W., Mäkelä J., Virkkula A., van Dingenen R. Validation of very high cloud droplet number concentrations in air masses transported thousands of kilometres over the ocean. Tellus. 52B:2000;801-814.
27. Martinsson B.G., Frank G., Cederfelt S.-I., Swietlicki E., Berg O.H., Zhou J., Bower K.N., Bradbury C., Birmili W., Wiedensohler A., Yuskiewicsz B. Droplet nucleation and growth in orographic clouds in relation to the aerosol population. Atmospheric Research. 50:1999;289-315.
28. Sato T. Charging process of fine particles in unipolar ion flow. Transactions on I.E.E. of Japan. 107:1987;155-161.
29. Smith W.B., Felix L.G., Hussey D.H., Pontius D.H. Experimental investigations of fine particle charging by unipolar ions - a review. Journal of Aerosol Science. 9:1978;101-124.
30. Wiedensohler A. An approximation of the bipolar charge distribution for particles in the submicron size range. Journal of Aerosol Science. 19:1988;387-389.
31. Wiedensohler A., Büscher P., Hansson H.-C., Martinsson B.G., Stratmann F., Ferron G., Busch B. A novel unipolar charger for ultrafine aerosol particles with minimal particle losses. Journal of Aerosol Science. 25:1994;639-649.
32. Wiedensohler A., Martinsson B.G., Hansson H.-C. A new unipolar charger for submicron particles. Journal of Aerosol Science. 21:1990;S571-S574.