Crust and upper mantle shear velocity structure beneath the Tibetan plateau and surrounding regions from interevent surface wave phase velocity inversion

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 102, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 11789-11813

  Curtis, Andrew ^a,b,c   Woodhouse, John H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c Faculteit Aardwetenschappen   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; MANTLE STRUCTURE; S WAVE; SEISMIC VELOCITY STRUCTURE;

ASIA;

EID: 0344702580     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96jb03182     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Armijo, R., P. Tapponier, and T. Han, Late Cenozoic right-lateral strike-slip faulting across southern Tibet, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2787-2838, 1989.
2. Avouac, J.-P., P. Tapponnier, M. Bai, H. You, and G. Wang, Active thrusting along the northern Tien Shan and late Cenozoic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan, J. Geophys. Res., 98(B4), 6755-6804, 1993.
3. Baranowski, J., J. Armbruster, L. Seeber, and P. Molnar, Focal depths and fault plane solutions of earthquakes and active tectonics of the Himalayas, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 6918-6928, 1984.
4. Barazangi, M., and J. Ni, Velocities and propogation characteristics of Pn and Sn beneath the Himalatan arc and Tibetan plateau: Possible evidence for underthrusting of Indian continental lithosphere beneath Tibet, Geology, 10, 179-185, 1982.
5. Beloussov, V. V. et. al., Structure of the lithosphere beneath the deep seismic sounding profile: Tien Shan-Pamirs-Karakorum-Himalayas, Tectonophysics, 70, 193-221, 1980.
6. Bird, P., Thermal and mechanical evolution of continental convergence zones: Zagros and Himalayas, Ph.D. thesis, Mass. Inst. of Technol., Cambridge, 1976.
7. Bird, P., Initiation of the intracontinental subduction in the Himalaya, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 4975-4987, 1978.
8. Bird, P., and M. N. Toksöz, Strong attenuation of Rayleigh waves in Tibet, Nature, 266, 161-163, 1977.
9. Bourjot, L., and B. Romanowicz, Crust and upper mantle tomography in Tibet using surface waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19(9), 881-884, 1992.
10. Brandon, C., and B. Romanowicz, A "no-lid" zone in the central Chang-Thang platform of Tibet: Evidence from pure path phase velocity measurements of long period Rayleigh waves, J. Geophys. Res., 91(B6), 6547-6564, 1986.
11. Burke, K., J. F. Dewey, and W. S. F. Kidd, The Tibetan plateau; its significance for tectonics and petrology, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 6, 1027-1028, 1974.
12. Burov, E. V., M. G. Kogan, H. Lyon-Caen, and P. Molnar, Gravity anomalies, the deep structure, and dynamic processes beneath the Tien Shan, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 96, 367-383, 1990.
13. Burtman, V. S., and P. Molnar, Geological and geophysical evidence for deep subduction of continental crust beneath the Pamir, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 281, 1-76, 1993.
14. Cara, M., Filtering of dispersed wavetrains, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 33, 65-80, 1973.
15. Chen, W.-P., and P. Molnar, Short-period Rayleigh-wave dispersion across the Tibetan plateau, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 65(5), 1051-1057, 1975.
16. Chen, W.-P., and P. Molnar, Constraints on the seismic wave velocity structure beneath the Tibetan plateau and their tectonic implications, J. Geophys. Res., 86(B7), 5937-5962, 1981.
17. Chun, K. Y., and T. V. McEvilly, Crustal structure in Tibet: High seismic velocity in the lower crust, J. Geophys. Res., 91(B10), 10,405-10,411, 1986.
18. Chun, K. Y., and T. Yoshii, Crustal structure of the Tibetan plateau: A surface wave study, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 67, 735-750, 1977.
19. Curtis, A., Shear wave studies and elastic models of extensional zones: The Tibetan plateau and Aegan region, Ph.D. thesis, Dep. of Earth Sci., Univ. of Oxford, Oxford, England, 1994.
20. Dewey, J. F., and K. C. A. Burke, Tibetan, Variscan and Precambrian basement reactivation: products of a continental collision, J. of Geol., 81, 683-692, 1973.
21. Duffy, T. S., and D. L. Anderson, Seismic velocities in mantle minerals and the mineralogy of the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1,895-1,912, 1989.
22. Dziewonski, A. M., and D. L. Anderson, Preliminary reference Earth model, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 125, 297-356, 1981.
23. Dziewonski, A. M., and J. H. Woodhouse, An experiment in systematic study of global seismicity: Centroid-moment tensor solutions for 201 moderate and large earthquakes of 1981, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 3247-3271, 1983.
24. Dziewonski, A. M., A. L. Hales, and E. R. Lapwood, Parametrically simple Earth models consistent with geophysical data, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 10, 12-48, 1975.
25. England, P., and G. Houseman, Finite strain calculations of continental deformation, 2, Comparison with the India-Asia collision zone, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 17, 197-226, 1986.
26. England, P., and D. McKenzie, A thin viscous sheet model for continental deformation, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 70, 295-321, (Correction to A thin viscous sheet model for continental deformation, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 73, 523, 1983.), 1982.
27. Fan, G., J. F. Ni, and T. C. Wallace, Active tectonics of the Pamir and Karakorum, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 7131-7160, 1994.
28. Fisher, R. L., J. G. Sclater, and D. P. McKenzie, Evolution of the central Indian ridge, western Indian ocean, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 82, 553-562, 1971.
29. Gansser, A., The significance of the Himalayan suture zone, Tectonophysics, 62, 37-52, 1980.
30. Grand, S. P., and D. V. Helmberger, Upper-mantle shear structure beneath Asia from multi-bounce S-waves, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 41, 154-169, 1985.
31. Gupta, H. K., and H. Narain, Crustal structure in the Himalayan and Tibet plateau region from surface wave dispersion, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 57, 235-248, 1967.
32. Hirn, A., G. Jobert, G. Wittlinger, Z.-Y. Xu, and E.-Y. Gao, Main features of the upper lithosphere in the unit between the High Himalayas and the Yarlung Zangbo Jiang suture, Ann. Geophys., 2(2), 113-118, 1984.
33. nl waveforms: Evidence for a thick upper mantle lid beneath southern Tibet, J. Geophys. Res., 25(B8), 12,499-12,525, 1990.
34. n velocities and shear velocity in the upper mantle, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 63, 469-475, 1973.
35. Kidd, W. S. F., Widespread late Neogene and Quaternary calc-alkaline vulcanism on the Tibetan plateau, EOS Trans. AGU, 56(6), 453, 1975.
36. Kosarev, G. L., N. V. Petersen, L. P. Vinnik, and S. W. Roecker, Receiver functions for the Tien Shan broadband analogue network: Contrasts in the evolution of structures across the Telas-Fergana fault, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 4437-4448, 1993.
37. Kulagina, M. V., A. A. Lukk, and B. K. Kulagin, Block structure of the Earth's crust of Tadjikstan (in Russian), in Searches for Precursors of Earthquakes in Prediction Polygons, pp. 70-84. Nauka, Moscow, 1974.
38. Landisman, M., A. Dziewonsky, and Y. Satô, Recent improvements in the analysis of surface wave observations, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 17, 369-403, 1969.
39. Lepine, J.-C., A. Hirn, M. R. Pandey, and J. M. Tater, Features of the P-waves propagated in the crust of the Himalayas, Ann. Geophys., 2, 119-121, 1984.
40. Lyon-Caen, H., Comparison of the upper mantle shear wave velocity structure of the Indian Shield and the Tibetan plateau and tectonic implications, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 86, 727-749, 1986.
41. Lyon-Caen, H., and P. Molnar, Constraints on the structure of the Himalaya from an analysis of gravity anomalies and a flexural model of the lithosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 88(B10), 8171-8191, 1983.
42. Lyon-Caen, H., and P. Molnar, Gravity anomalies and the structure of western Tibet and the southern Tarim Basin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 1251-1254, 1984.
43. Makeyeva, L. I., L. P. Vinnik, and S. W. Roecker, Shear wave splitting and small-scale convection in the continental upper mantle, Nature, 358, 144-147, 1992.
44. McKenzie, D. P., and J. G. Sclater, The evolution of the Indian Ocean since the late Cretaceous, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 24, 437-528, 1971.
45. McKenzie, D. P., J. M. Roberts, and N. O. Weiss, Convection in the Earth's mantle: Towards a numerical simulation, J. Fluid Mech., 62, 465-538, 1974.
46. McNamara, D. E., T. J. Owens, P. G. Silver, and F. T. Wu, Shear wave anisotropy beneath the Tibetan plateau, J. Geophys. Res., 99(B7), 13,655-13,665, 1994.
47. n travel time tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 493-505, 1997.
48. Min, Z., and F. T. Wu, Nature of the upper crust beneath Tibet, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 84, 204-210, 1987.
49. Mishra, D. C., Crustal structure and dynamics under the Himalayas and Pamir ranges, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 57, 415-420, 1981.
50. Molnar, P., Structure and tectonics of the Himalaya: Constraints and implications of geophysical data, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 12, 489-518, 1984.
51. Molnar, P., A review of geophysical constraints on the deep structure of the Tibetan plateau, the Himalaya and the Karakorum, and their tectonic implications, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, 326, 33-88, 1988.
52. Molnar, P., S-wave residuals from earthquakes in the Tibetan region and lateral variations in the upper mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 101, 68-77, 1990.
53. Molnar, P., Crust in mantle overdrive, Nature, 358, 105-106, 1992.
54. Molnar, P., and W.-P. Chen, S-P travel time residuals and lateral inhomogeneity in the mantle beneath Tibet and the Himalaya, J. Geophys. Res., 89(B8), 6911-6917, 1984.
55. Molnar, P., and P. Tapponnier, Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: Effects of a continental collision, Science, 189(4201), 421-426, 1975.
56. Molnar, P., B. C. Burchfiel, Z. Ziyun, L. K'uangyi, W. Shuji, and H. Minmin, Geologic evolution of northern Tibet: Results of an expedition to Ulugh Muztagh, Science, 235, 299-305, 1987.
57. Ni, J., and M. Barazangi, Seismotectonics of the Himalayan collision zone: Geometry of the underthrusting Indian plate beneath the Himalayas, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1147-1163, 1984.
58. Patton, H., Crust and upper mantle structure of the Eurasian continent from phase velocity and Q of surface waves, Rev. Geophys., 18(3), 605-625, 1980.
59. Peltzer, G., P. Tapponnier, Y. Gaudemer, B. Meter, G. Shunmin, Y. Kelun, C. Zhitai, and D. Huagung, Off-sets of late Quaternary morphology, rate of slip, and recurrence of large earthquakes on the Chang Ma fault (Gansu, China), J. Geophys. Res., 93(B7), 7793-7812, 1988.
60. Pettersen, O., and D. J. Doornbos, A comparison of source analysis methods as applied to earthquakes in Tibet, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 47, 125-136, 1987.
61. Pines, I., T.-L. Teng, and R. Rosenthal, A surface wave dispersion study of the crustal and upper mantle structure of China, J. Geophys. Res., 85(B7), 3829-3844, 1980.
62. Roecker, S. W., Velocity structure of the Pamir-Hindu Kush region: Possible evidence of subducted crust, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 945-959, 1982.
63. Roecker, S. W., T. M. Sabitova, L. P. Vinnik, Y. A. Burmakov, M. I. Golvanov, R. Mamatkanova, and L. Munirova, Three-dimensional elastic wave velocity structure of the western and central Tien Shan, J. Geophys. Res., 98(B9), 15779-15795, 1993.
64. Romanowicz, B., Constraints on the structure of the Tibetan plateau from pure path phase velocities of Love and Rayleigh waves, J. Geophys. Res., 87(B8), 6865-6883, 1982.
65. Sahni, A., and V. Kumar, Palaeogene palaeobiogeography of the Indian subcontinent, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 15, 209-226, 1974.
66. Sapin, M., X. J. Wang, A. Hirn, and Z. A. Xu, A seismic sounding in the crust of the Lhasa block, Tibet., Ann. Geophys., pp. 637-646, 1985.
67. Sengör, A. M. C., and W. S. F. Kidd, Post-collisional tectonics of the Turkish- Iranian plateau and a comparison with Tibet, Tectonophysics, 55, 361-376, 1979.
68. 1 and implications for the structure of Tibet, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 3135-3152, 1984.
69. Tarantola, A., and B. Valette, Inverse problems = Quest for information, J. Geophys., 50, 159-170, 1982.
70. Wang, Q. M., T. Nishidai, and M. P. Coward, The Tarim Basin, NW China: Formation and aspects of petroleum geology, J. Petrol. Geol., 15(1), 5-34, 1992.
71. Westaway, R., Crustal volume balance during the India-Eurasia collision and altitude of the Tibetan plateau: A working hypothesis, J. Geophys. Res., 100(B8), 15,173-15,192, 1995.
72. Willett, S. D., and C. Beaumont, Subduction of Asian lithospheric mantle beneath Tibet inferred from models of continental collision, Nature, 369, 642-645, 1994.
73. Zhao, L.-S., and W. J. Morgan, Uplift of Tibetan plateau, Tectonics, 4(4), 359-369, 1985.
74. Zhao, L.-S., and W. J. Morgan, Injection of Indian crust into Tibetan lower crust: A two-dimensional finite element model study, Tectonics, 6(4), 489-504, 1987.
75. Zhao, L.-S., and J. Xie, Lateral variations in compressional velocities beneath the Tibetan plateau from Pn traveltime tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 115, 1,070-1,084, 1993.
76. Zhao, L.-S., D. V. Helmberger, and D. G. Harkrider, Shear - velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Tibetan plateau and southeastern China, Geophys. J. Int., 105, 713-730, 1991.
77. Zhao, L.-S., A. Hasegawa, and S. Hirouchi, Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structure beneath north-eastern Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19,909-19,928, 1992.