Analytical Method for the Determination of Atrazine and Its Dealkylated Chlorotriazine Metabolites in Water Using SPE Sample Preparation and GC-MSD Analysis

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Volumn 51, Issue 25, 2003, Pages 7252-7258

  Huang, Sung Ben ^a   Stanton, Jeffrey S ^a   Lin, Yi ^a   Yokley, Robert A ^a  

^a SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION   (United States)

Author keywords

Atrazine; Dealkylated chlorotriazine metabolites; Deethyldeisopropylatrazine (DEDIA); Diaminochlorotriazine (DACT); Didealkylatrazine (DDA); G 28273; Good Laboratory Practices (GLP); Ground water; Surface water

Indexed keywords

2 AMINO 4 CHLORO 6 (ETHYLAMINO) S TRIAZINE; 2 AMINO 4 CHLORO 6 (ISOPROPYLAMINO) S TRIAZINE; 2,4 DIAMINO 6 CHLORO S TRIAZINE; ATRAZINE; CHLOROTRIAZINE; SURFACE WATER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; CATION EXCHANGE; DEALKYLATION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE; ION MONITORING; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PH; POLYMERIZATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; VALIDATION PROCESS; WATER SAMPLING;

ATRAZINE; HERBICIDES; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PESTICIDE RESIDUES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TRIAZINES; WATER;

EID: 0344629768     PISSN: 00218561     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jf0349578     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Shimabukuro, R. H.; Lamoureux, G. L.; Frear, D. S.; Bakke, J. E. Metabolism of s-Triazines and Its Significance in Biological Systems. In Pesticide Terminal Studies (Supplement to Pure and Applied Chemistry); Tahori, A. S., Ed.; Butterworth: London, U.K., 1971; pp 323-342.
2. Esser, H. O.; Dupris, G.; Ebert, E.; Vogel, C.; Marco, G. J. S-Triazines. In Herbicides: Chemistry, Degradation, and Mode of Action, 2nd ed.; Kearney, P. C., Kaufman, D. D., Eds.; Dekker: New York, 1975; Vol. 1, pp 129-208.
3. Kaufman, D. D.; Kearney, P. C. Microbial Degradation of S-Triazine Herbicides. Residue Rev. 1970, 32, 235-265.
4. Gonzales, M. C.; Braun, A. M.; Prevot, A. B.; Pelizzetti, E. Vacuum-Ultraviolet (VUV) Photolysis of Water: Mineralization of Atrazine. Chemosphere 1994, 28, 2121-2127.
5. Erickson, L. E.; Lee, K. H. Degradation of Atrazine and Related S-Triazines. Crit. Rev. Environ. Control 1989, 19, 1-14.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories; Office of Water, EPA 822-B-00-001.
7. Cai, Z.; Gross, M. L.; Spalding, R. F. Determination of Didealkylatrazine in Water by Graphitized Carbon Black Extraction Followed by Gas Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 1995, 304, 67-73.
8. Di Corcia, A.; Crescenzi, C.; Guerriero, E.; Samperi, R. Ultratrace Determination of Atrazine and Its Six Major Degradation Products in Water by Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray/Mass Spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 1658-1663.
9. Panshin, S. Y.; Carter, D. S.; Bayless, E. R. Analysis of Atrazine and Four Degradation Products in the Pore Water of the Vadose Zone, Central Indiana. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 2132-2137.
10. Walorczyk, S. Evaluation of a Method for the Analysis of Triazine Herbicides and Their Metabolites in Water by SPE on a Carbob-Based Adsorbent then GC-MS Determination. Acta Chromatogr. 2001, 11, 42-50.
11. Mills, M. S.; Thurman, E. M. Mixed-Mode Isolation of Triazine Metabolites from Soil and Aquifer Sediments Using Automated Solid-Phase Extraction. Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 1985.
12. Mills, M. S.; Thurman, E. M.; Pederson, M. J. Application of Mixed-Mode, Solid-Phase Extraction in Environmental and Clinical Chemistry: Combining Hydrogen-Bonding, Cation-Exchange, and Van der Waals Interactions. J. Chromatogr. 1993, 629, 11.
13. Waters Corp. Oasis Sample Extraction Products, Environmental and Agrochemical Applications Notebook, rev 3; 2002; 01/02, p 3.
14. Thurman, E. M.; Mills, M. S. Solid-Phase Extraction: Principles and Practice; Chemical Analysis Monograph Series 147; Winefordner, J. D., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1998.
15. Shan, G.; Lipton, C.; Gee, S. J.; Hammock, B. D. Immunoassay, Biosensors, and Other Non-Chromatographic Methods. In Handbook of Residue Analytical Methods for Agrochemicals; Lee, P. W., Ed.-in-Chief; Wiley: Chichester, U.K., 2003; pp 623-679.
16. Dean, J. R.; Wade, G.; Barnabas, I. J. Determination of Triazine Herbicides in Environmental Samples. J. Chromatogr. A 1996, 733, 295-335.
17. Sabik, H.; Jeannot, R.; Rondeau, B. Multiresidue Methods Using Solid-Phase Extraction Techniques for Monitoring Priority Pesticides, Including Triazines and Degradation Products, in Ground and Surface Waters. J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 885, 217-236.
18. Yokley, R. A. Triazine Herbicide Methodology. In Handbook of Residue Analytical Methods for Agrochemicals; Lee, P. W., Ed.-in-Chief; Wiley: Chichester, U.K., 2003; pp 412-450.
19. Yokley, R. A.; Cheung, M. W. Analytical Method for the Determination of Atrazine and Its Dealkylated Chlorotriazine Metabolites in Water Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Selective Detection. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48, 4500-4507.
20. Cheung, M. W.; Yokley, R. A. Report ABR-94094; Syngenta Study 105-91; Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc.: Greensboro, NC, Nov 1995.
21. Corley, J. Best Practices in Establishing Detection and Quantification Limits for Pesticide Residues in Foods. In Handbook of Residue Analytical Methods for Agrochemicals; Lee, P. W., Ed.-in-Chief; Wiley: Chichester, U.K., 2003; pp 59-75.
22. U.S. EPA. Title 40 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Part 136, Appendix B; Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration: Washington, DC, July 1, 1993.
23. U.S. EPA Guidance Document: Office of Pesticide Programs; U.S. EPA: Washington, DC, March 23, 2000.