The marine fauna of New Zealand: Cephalopoda: Oegopsida: Architeuthidae (Giant squid)

NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs

Volumn , Issue 110, 1998, Pages 5-113

  Förch, Ellen Celia ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

A. dux; Architeuthis; Distribution; Ecology; Giant squid; New Zealand; Taxonomy

Indexed keywords

CEPHALOPOD; ECOLOGY; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; TAXONOMY;

NEW ZEALAND;

ARCHITEUTHIDAE; ARCHITEUTHIS; ARCHITEUTHIS DUX; CATOSTOMIDAE; CEPHALOPODA; CRUSTACEA; OEGOPSIDA; PISCES;

EID: 0344563439     PISSN: 00837903     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (163)

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2. AKIMUSHKIN, I.I. 1963: Golovonogie mollyuski morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva. 236 p. [Translation 1965: Cephalopods of the seas of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, IPST Cat. No. 1384. 223 p.] Key separates out A. princeps and A. japonica; description of A. japonica based on Pfeffer and Sasaki, beak A. japonica.
3. AKIMUSHKIN, I.I. 1963: Golovonogie mollyuski morei SSSR. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva. 236 p. [Translation 1965: Cephalopods of the seas of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, IPST Cat. No. 1384. 223 p.] Key separates out A. princeps and A. japonica; description of A. japonica based on Pfeffer and Sasaki, beak A. japonica.
4. ALDRICH, F.A. 1968: The distribution of giant squids (Cephalopoda, Architeuthidae) in the North Atlantic and particularly about the shores of Newfoundland. Sarsia 34 : 393-398. North Atlantic, stranding, A. dux, says A. princeps-A. harveyi condition result of damage.
5. ALDRICH, F.A. 1991: Some aspects of the systematics and biology of squid of the genus Architeuthis based on a study of specimens from Newfoundland waters. Bulletin of Marine Science 49 : 457-481.
6. ALDRICH, F.A.; ALDRICH, M.M. 1968: On regeneration of the tentacular arm of the giant squid Architeuthis dux Steenstrup (Decapoda: Architeuthidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 46 : 845-847. North Atlantic, trawled, A. dux, regeneration.
7. ALLAN, J.K. 1948: A rare giant squid. Australian Museum Magazine 9 : 306. Australia, Victoria, stranded, gladius 7 feet, no details.
8. ANDRIGUETTO, J.M. Jr.; HAIMOVICI, M. 1988: Effects of fixation and preservation methods on the morphology of a loliginid squid (Cephalopoda: Myopsida). American Malacological Bulletin 62 : 213-217. South America, formalin, ethanol.
9. ANONYMOUS, 1982: Giant squid from the Mernoo Bank area. Catch 9(7) : 11.
10. APPELLÖF, A. 1902: Mollusca. In Butschli and Hatscheks' Zoologisches Zentralblatt 9 : 182-185. In Pfeffer (1912), no details, also cited in N.A. Voss (1969).
11. ARFELLI, C.A.; DE AMORIM, A.F.; TOMAS, A.R.G. 1991: First record of a giant squid Architeuthis sp. Steenstrup, 1857 (Cephalopoda, Architeuthidae) in Brazilian waters. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo 18 : 83-88. Minimal information, poor condition, sucker illustration. Good fin information.
12. BELYAYEV, G.M. 1964: Rostra of cephalopods in oceanic bottom sediments. Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts 11(1) : 113-126.
13. BERZIN, A.A. 1971: Kashalot (The sperm whale). Izdatel'stvo "Pishchevaya Promyshlennost'", Moskva. [Translation 1972, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 394 p.]
14. BIDDER, A.M. 1968: Some problems of cephalopod locomotion. Proceedings of Symposium on Mollusca 3 : 1029-1051. Anecdotal information from New Zealand fisherman on floating giant squid bait.
15. BIZIKOV, V.A. 1991: On the morphology and anatomy of the gladii of recent squids and their application to teuthid phylogeny and evolution. Bulletin of Marine Science 49 : 661. Summary only.
16. BOYLE, P.R. 1986: Report on a specimen of Architeuthis stranded near Aberdeen, Scotland. Journal of Molluscan Studies 52 : 81-82. North Atlantic, stranded, female, A. dux, good measurements.
17. BRAY, J.R.; CURTIS, J.T. 1957: An ordination of the upland forest communities of Southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monograph 27 : 325-349.
18. BRIX, O. 1983. Giant squid may die when exposed to warm water currents. Nature, London 303(5916) : 422-423. Norway, stranding, A. monachus, oxygen-carrying capacity, photo shows relative sizes of arms.
19. BRIX, O.; BARDGARD, A.; CAU, A.; COLOSIMO, A. et al. 1989: Oxygen-binding properties of cephalopod blood with special reference to environmental temperatures and ecological distribution. Journal of Experimental Zoology 252 : 34-42.
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21. CADENAT, J. 1935: Note sur la première capture dans le Golfe de Gascogne du céphalopode géant, Architeuthis nawaji. Association Française pour l'Avancement des Sciences 59 : 513. Scant measurents, note only.
22. CADENAT, J. 1936: Note sur un Céphalopod géant (Architeuthis harveyi Verrill) capturé dans le Golfe de Gascogne. Bulletin du Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle (sér. 2) 8 : 277-285. Describes type of A. nawaji.
23. CLARKE, K.R.; WARWICK, R.M. 1994: Change in Marine Communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. Natural Environment Research Council, U.K. 144 p.
24. CLARKE, M.R. 1962a: Stomach contents of a sperm whale caught off Madeira in 1959. Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende 51 : 173-191.
25. CLARKE, M.R. 1962b: The identification of cephalopod "beaks" and the relationship between beak size and total body weight. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 8 : 419-480.
26. CLARKE, M.R. 1966: A review of the systematics and ecology of oceanic squids. Advances in Marine Biology 4 : 91-300.
27. CLARKE, M.R. 1978: The cephalopod statolith - an introduction to its form. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K. 58 : 701-712.
28. CLARKE, M.R. 1980: Cephalopoda in the diet of sperm whales of the southern hemisphere and their bearing on sperm whale biology. Discovery Reports 37 : 1-324.
29. CLARKE, M.R. (Ed.) 1986: A Handbook for the Identification of Cephalopod Beaks. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 273 p.
30. CLARKE, M.R.; DENTON, E.J.; GILPIN-BROWN, J.B. 1979: On the use of ammonium for buoyancy in squids. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K. 59 : 259-276.
31. CLARKE, M.R.; MacLEOD, N. 1974: Cephalopod remains from a sperm whale caught off Vigo, Spain. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K. 54 : 959-968.
32. CLARKE, M.R.; MacLEOD, N. 1976: Cephalopod remains from sperm whales caught off Iceland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K. 56 : 733-749.
33. CLARKE, M.R.; MacLEOD, N. 1982: Cephalopod remains from the stomachs of sperm whales caught in the Tasman Sea. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 43 : 25-42.
34. CLARKE, M.R.; MacLEOD, N.; PALIZA, O. 1976: Cephalopod remains from the stomachs of sperm whales caught off Peru and Chile. Journal of Zoology 180 : 477-493.
35. CLARKE, R. 1955: A giant squid swallowed by a sperm whale. Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende 44 : 589-593. Azores, sperm whale, photos only, good specimen.
36. COLONIAL MUSEUM AND LABORATORY, 1886: Addition No. 1715, 20 August 1886, Portion of arm and buccal mass of giant cuttlefish, Cape Campbell. Sender: C.H. Robson. In List 1. Additions to the Colonial Museum. Colonial Museum and Laboratory [N.Z.] 22nd Annual Report : 19.
37. CROSSE, H.; FISCHER, P. 1862: Nouveaux documents sur les Céphalopodes gigantesques. Journal de Conchyliologie, Paris 10 : 124-140. Mentions old descriptions from New Zealand by Banks (moroteuthid?) and Solander.
38. DELL, D.K. 1952: The recent Cephalopoda of New Zealand. Bulletin of the Dominion Museum, Wellington 16 : 1-157.
39. DELL, D.K. 1970: A specimen of the giant squid Architeuthis from New Zealand. Records of the Dominion Museum, Wellington 7(4) : 25-36.
40. DENTON, E.J. 1974: Croonian Lecture, 1973. On buoyancy and the lives of modern and fossil cephalopods. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B, Biological Sciences 185 : 273-299. Cites Bidder on buoyant New Zealand giant squid.
41. DENTON, E.J.; GILPIN BROWN, J.B. 1973: Flotation mechanisms in modern and fossil cephalopods. Advances in Marine Biology 11 : 197-268.
42. DONG, Z.-Z. 1984: The food and feeding habits of the Sperm whale (Physeter catodon Linnaeus). Journal of Fisheries of China/Shuichan Xuebao 8: 327-332. China, sperm whale, beaks.
43. DUNNING, M.C.; CLARKE, M.R.; LU, C.C. 1993: Cephalopods in the diet of oceanic sharks caught off Eastern Australia. Pp 119-131 in Okutani, T.; O'Dor, R.K.; Kubodera, T. (eds) Recent Advances in Fisheries Biology. Tokai University Press, Tokyo. Architeuthis as prey item.
44. ELLIS, R. 1994: Monsters of the Sea. Alfred A. Knopf. New York. 417 p. Contains excellent accounts of encounters with giant squid and excellent bibliography.
45. FENAUGHTY, C.M., TRACEY, D.M.; LOCK, J.W. 1988: Heavy metal and organochlorines concentrations in New Zealand aquatic fish, crustaceans and molluscs. N.Z. Fisheries Data Report 34 : 1-44.
46. FISCUS, C.H. ; RICE, D.W. 1974: Giant squids, Architeuthis sp., from stomachs of sperm whales captured off California. California Fish and Game 60 : 91-93.
47. FISCUS, C.H.; RICE, D.W.; WOLMAN, A.A. 1989: Cephalopods from the stomachs of sperm whales captured off California. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 83 : 1-12.
48. FÖRCH, E.C. 1983: New Plymouth's giant squid. Catch, October 1983 : 6-7.
49. FROST, N. 1934: Notes on a giant squid (Architeuthis sp.) captured at Dildo, Newfoundland, in December, 1933. Reports of the Newfoundland Fishery Research Commission. Annual Report 1933 2(2) Appendix C : 100-113. Good measurements, historical resume of Verrill's records, discussion of species.
50. FROST, N. 1936: A further species of giant squid (Architeuthis sp.) from Newfoundland waters. Newfoundland. Annual Report of the Fishery Research Laboratory 1935 2(5) Appendix D : 89-95. Good measurements.
51. GASKIN, D.E.; CAWTHORN, M.W. 1967a: Squid mandibles from the stomachs of sperm whales (Physeter catodon L.) captured in the Cook Strait region of New Zealand. N.Z. Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 1 : 59-70.
52. GASKIN, D.E.; CAWTHORN, M.W. 1967b: Diet and feeding habits of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon L.) in the Cook Strait region of New Zealand. N.Z. Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 1 : 156-179.
53. GAULDIE, R.W.; WEST, I.F.; FÖRCH, E.C. 1994: Statocyst, statolith and age estimation of the giant squid Architeuthis kirki. The Veliger 37 : 93-109.
54. GERVAIS, P. 1875: Remarques au sujet des grandes céphalopodes décabrachidés constituant le genre Architeuthis. Journal de Zoologie 4 : 88-95. [In French]
55. HAMILTON, J.E. 1914: Report of the committee appointed to investigate the biological problems incidental to the Belmullet whaling station. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 84 : 125-161. See p.137, food, limited measurements of A. harveyi, Ireland.
56. HARTING, P. 1861: Description de quelques fragments de deux céphalopodes gigantesques. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van het Koniglich Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam 9(1) [1860] : 1-16.
57. HARVEY, M. 1874a: Gigantic cuttlefish in Newfoundland waters - a perfect specimen obtained - size and appearance of the devil fish - the whole subject discussed. The Royal Gazette and Newfoundland Advertiser, Queen's Printer, St. John's, Newfoundland, February 10, 1874. LXVIL (6) : 1.
58. HARVEY, M. 1874b: Gigantic cuttlefishes in Newfoundland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 4, 13 : 67-70.
59. HESS, S.C. 1987: Comparative morphology, variability, and systematic applications of cephalopod spermatophores (Teuthoidea and Vampyromorpha). Ph. D. dissertation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.
60. HESS, S.C.; TOLL, R.B. 1981: Methodology for specific diagnosis of cephalopod remains in stomach contents of predators with reference to the broad bill swordfish, Xiphias gladius. Journal of Shellfish Research 1 : 161-170.
61. HILGENDORF, F. 1880: Über einen riesigen Dintenfisch aus Japan, Megateuthis martensii n. g. n. sp. Sitzungsberichte der Naturforschenden Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin : 65-67.
62. In Sasaki, see Mitsukuri and Ikeda - quote an earlier Hilgendorf specimen in Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Volkerkunde Ostasiens in Tokio 1st Hert, p. 21, 1873.
63. IMBER, M.J. 1992: Cephalopods eaten by wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans L.) breeding at six circumpolar localities. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 22 : 243-263. Architeuthis juveniles at Gough and Macquarie Islands.
64. IMBER, M.J.; RUSS, R. 1975: Some foods of the Wandering Albatross (Diornedea exulans). Notornis 22 : 27-36. Prey item, juvenile, Auckland Island.
65. JACKSON, G.D., LU, C.C.; DUNNING, M. 1991: Growth rings within the statolith microstructure of the giant squid Architeuthis. The Veliger 34 : 331-334.
66. JEFFREY, C. 1977: Biological nomenclature. The Systematics Association. Edward Arnold Ltd, London. 72 p.
67. JOUBIN, L. 1899: Liste des céphalopodes recueillis pendant les dernières campagnes de la "Princesse-Alice" (1895-1897). Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 24 : 62-74. Beaks only, Dubioteuthis, no species name, see Voss 1956.
68. JOUBIN, L. 1900: Céphalopodes provenant des campagnes de la Princess Alice (1891-1897). Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques du Prince de Monaco 17 : 1-135. Dubioteuthis sp. beaks only, no species name, but beaks beautifully illustrated.
69. JUDD, W.; FÖRCH, E.C. 1996: Hunting the giant squid. New Zealand Geographic 29 : 10-12.
70. KENT, W.S. 1874a: Note on a gigantic cephalopod from Conception Bay, Newfoundland. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874 : 178-182.
71. KENT, W.S. 1874b: A further communication upon certain gigantic cephalopods recently encountered off the coast of Newfoundland. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874 : 489-494. Useful scientific overview.
72. KIRK, T.W. 1880: On the occurrence of giant cuttlefish on the New Zealand coast. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 12 : 310-313. No species descriptions.
73. KIRK, T.W. 1882: Description of new Cephalopoda. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 14 : 283-286. Genus, A. verrilli sp.n., Steenstrupia stockt, n.g. and sp.
74. KIRK, T.W. 1888: Brief description of a new species of large decapod (Architeuthis longimanus). Transactions (Zoology) of the New Zealand Institute 20 : 34-39. Lyall Bay, New Zealand, A. longimanus.
75. KJENNERUD, J. 1958: Description of a giant squid, Architeuthis, stranded on the west coast of Norway. Universitetet i Bergen. Årbok 1958, Naturvitenkapelig rekke 9 : 1-14. Norway, stranding, body measurements, male, arms IV hectocotylised, fin insertion, mandibles, radula, spermatophore, A. harveyi, A. princeps, A. dux.
76. KLUMOV, S.K. 1971: On the diet of sperm whales in the southern hemisphere. Osnovy biologicheskoi produktivnosti okeana i ee ispol'zovanie. [Fundamentals of the Biological Productivity of the Oceans and its Exploitation] : 115-135. Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moskva.
77. KNUDSEN, J. 1957: Some observations on a mature male specimen of Architeuthis from Danish waters. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 32(5) : 189-198. A. clarkei, A. sp. Frost, purple colour, dorsal fin attachment, male, spermatophores very variable, hectocotylus.
78. KODOLOV, L.S. 1970: O kal'marakh v Beringovom more (Squids of the Bering Sea). Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchnoissledovatel'skogo Institute Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii 70. [Izvestiya Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno-issledovatel'skogo Instituta Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii 73) : 162-165. Translated in Moiseev, P.A. (ed.) Soviet Fisheries Investigations in the Northeastern Pacific, Part V : 157-160. Translation 1972, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem.]
79. KODOLOV, L.S. 1970: O kal'marakh v Beringovom more (Squids of the Bering Sea). Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchnoissledovatel'skogo Institute Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii 70. [Izvestiya Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno-issledovatel'skogo Instituta Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii 73) : 162-165. Translated in Moiseev, P.A. (ed.) Soviet Fisheries Investigations in the Northeastern Pacific, Part V : 157-160. Translation 1972, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem.]
80. KORABEL'NIKOV, L.V. 1959: O pitanii kashalotov v Antarkticheskikh moryakh [Food of sperm whales in the Antarctic seas]. Priroda 48(3) : 103-104. Architeuthis sp., not very useful.
81. LANE, F.W. 1960: Kingdom of the octopus. The life history of the Cephalopoda. Sheridan House, New York.
82. LANGE, M.M. 1920. On the regeneration and finer structure of the arms of the cephalopods. Journal of Experimental Zoology 31 : 1-40. Very informative.
83. LU, C.C. 1986: The smallest of the largest - first record of giant squid larval specimen. Australian Shell News 53 : 9. ML 10.3 mm.
84. MADDOCK, L.; YOUNG, J.Z. 1987: Quantitative differences among the brains of cephalopods. Journal of Zoology, London 212 : 739-767. Includes Architeuthis.
85. MANN, T.; MARTIN, A.W; THIERSCH, J.B. 1970: Male reproductive tract, spermatophores and spermatophoric reaction in the giant octopus of the North Pacific, Octopus dofleini martini. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, Biological Sciences 175: 31-61. Useful for morphology.
86. MARSHALL, B.A. 1996: Molluscan name-bearing types in the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Tuhinga 9 : 1-85.
87. MARTIN, A.R.; CLARKE, M.R. 1986: The diet of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) captured between Iceland and Greenland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K. 66 : 779-790.
88. MARTIN, A.W.; ALDRICH, F.A. 1970: Comparison of hearts and branchial appendages in some cephalopods. Canadian Journal of Zoology 48 : 751-756. Heart, A. dux.
89. McKAY, D.W.; SMITH, S. M. 1979: Marine Mollusca of East Scotland. Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, 185 p. Records of A. dux, no description.
90. MIKKELSEN, P.S. 1985: A rapid method for slide mounting of minute radulae, with a bibliography of radula mounting techniques. The Nautilus 99 : 62-65.
91. MITSUKURI, K.; IKEDA, S. 1895: Notes on a giant cephalopod. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo 7(77) : 39-50, pl 10. Appears to have two references - see Dobutsugaku Zasshi (Journal of Zoology) no. 77, 1895. See last page for discussion; compares it with A. princeps, A. harveyi, Verrill's genus Sthenoteuthis, and in particular compares with the earlier Hilgendorf specimen - Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Volkerkunde Ostasiens in Tokio 1st Hert, p. 21, 1873.
92. MITSUKURI, K.; IKEDA, S. 1895: Notes on a giant cephalopod. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo 7(77) : 39-50, pl 10. Appears to have two references - see Dobutsugaku Zasshi (Journal of Zoology) no. 77, 1895. See last page for discussion; compares it with A. princeps, A. harveyi, Verrill's genus Sthenoteuthis, and in particular compares with the earlier Hilgendorf specimen - Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Volkerkunde Ostasiens in Tokio 1st Hert, p. 21, 1873.
93. MITSUKURI, K.; IKEDA, S. 1895: Notes on a giant cephalopod. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo 7(77) : 39-50, pl 10. Appears to have two references - see Dobutsugaku Zasshi (Journal of Zoology) no. 77, 1895. See last page for discussion; compares it with A. princeps, A. harveyi, Verrill's genus Sthenoteuthis, and in particular compares with the earlier Hilgendorf specimen - Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Volkerkunde Ostasiens in Tokio 1st Hert, p. 21, 1873.
94. MORE, A.G. 1875a. Gigantic squid on the west coast of Ireland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 4, 16 : 123-4.
95. MORE, A.G. 1875b. Notice of a gigantic cephalopod (Dinoteuthis proboscideus) which was stranded at Dingle, in Kerry, two hundred years ago. Zoologist 2 : 4526-4532.
96. MUNTZ, W.R.A. 1995: Giant octopuses and squid from Pliny to the Rev. Moses Harvey. Archives of Natural History 22 : 1-28.
97. MURATA, M.; ISHII, M.; OSAKO, M. 1981: On the regeneration of tentacle of the oceanic squid, Ommastrephes bartrami (Lesueur). Bulletin of the Hokkaido Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory 46 : 1-14. [English abstract]
98. NESIS, K.N. 1974. (The giant squids). Priroda 6(706) : 54-60. [In Russian]
99. NESIS, K.N. 1987: Cephalopods of the World. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New jersey. 351 p. General history of genus.
100. NESIS, K.N., AMELEKHINA, A.M., BOLTACHEV, A.R., SHEVTSOV, G.A. 1985: Occurrence of giant squids of the genus Architeuthis in the North Pacific and South Atlantic. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 64 : 518-528. [In Russian with English summary] NE Pacific, SE Atlantic, pelagic trawl, vertical distribution, juveniles, spermatophores.
101. NIXON, M.; DILLY, P.N. 1977: Sucker surfaces and prey capture. Pp 377-434 in Nixon, M.; Messenger, J.B. (eds) The Biology of Cephalopods. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London. Academic Press.
102. O'DOR, R.K. 1988a: The forces acting on swimming squid. Journal of Experimental Biology 137 : 421-442.
103. O'DOR, R.K. 1988b: The energetic limits on squid distributions. Malacologia 29 : 113-119.
104. OKUTANI, T.; SATAKE, Y.; OHSUMI, S.; KAWAKAMI, T. 1976. Squids eaten by sperm whales caught off Joban District, Japan, during January-February. Bulletin of the Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory 87 : 67-113.
105. OWEN, R. 1881: Descriptions of some new and rare Cephalopoda. (Part II). Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 11 : 131-170. Partial copy from MoNZ, Malacology, Plectoteuthis grandis, description of an arm in the BM(NH), good description - origins unknown, compares with Velain's specimen.
106. PÉREZ-GÁNDARAS, P.; GUERRA, A. 1978: Nueva cita de Architeuthis (Cephalopoda: Teuthoidea): descripción y alimentación. Investigación Pesquera 42 : 401-414. South Africa, trawl, stomach contents, organo-chlorines.
107. PÉREZ-GÁNDARAS, P.; GUERRA, A. 1989: Architeuthis de Sudáfrica: nuevas citas y consideraciones biológicas. Scientifica Marina 53 : 113-116. South Africa, trawl, 4 specimens, good measures for 2 specimens.
108. PFEFFER, G. 1900: Synopsis der oegopsiden Cephalopoden. Mitteilungen Naturhistorische Museum. 17. Jahrbuch Hamburg. Wissenschaftliche Anstalten 17: 145-198.
109. PFEFFER, G. 1912: Die Cephalopoden der Plankton-Expedition. Verlag von Lipsius und Tischer. Kiel und Leipzig. Includes North Pacific forms, and names Mitsukura and Ikeda's specimen, Architeuthis japonica Pfeffer.
110. PIPPY, J.H.C.; ALDRICH, F.A. 1969: Hepatoxylon trichiuri (Holden, 1802) (Cestoda-Trypanorhyncha) from the giant squid Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857 in Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Zoology 47 : 263-264. Large parasite from caecum.
111. POWELL, A.W.B. 1979: New Zealand Mollusca. Marine, land and freshwater shells. Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland. Includes Architeuthidae, claims New Zealand has 12 authentic records, contains original photos of Dell's 1956 specimen.
112. RAE, B.B. 1950: Description of a giant squid stranded near Aberdeen. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 28 : 163-167. North Atlantic, stranded, body , all arms incomplete, suckers, radula, compared with A. clarkei, A. harveyi.
113. RITCHIE, J. 1918: Occurrence of a giant squid (Architeuthis) on the Scottish coast. The Scottish Naturalist 73 : 133-139. Good description, tentacle and arm sucker counts, compares with A. dux and A. harveyi .
114. ROBISON, B.H. 1989: Depth of occurrence and partial chemical composition of a giant squid, Architeuthis, off Southern California. The Veliger 32 : 39-42. Southern California, trawl, tentacle, ammonia.
115. ROBSON, C.W. 1887: On a new species of giant cuttlefish, stranded at Cape Campbell, June 30th, 1886 (Architeuthis kirkii). Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 19 : 155-157.
116. ROBSON, G.C. 1933: On Architeuthis clarkei, a new species of giant squid, with observations of the genus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1933 : 681-697. North Atlantic, stranded, A. clarkei, comparisons with A. harveyi, A. monachus, A. princeps, A. dux, body measurements, radula, suckers, summary distibution, generic comparisons.
117. ROELEVELD, M.A. 1982: Interpretation of the tentacular club structure in Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Lesson, 1830) and Ommastrephes bartramii (Lesueur, 1821) (Cephalopoda, Ommastrephidae). Annals of the South African Museum 89 : 249-264.
118. ROELEVELD, M.A. 1988: Generic interrelationships within the Ommastrephidae. (Cephalopoda). The Mollusca 12 : 277-291. Phylogenetic consideration - especially sucker dentition.
119. ROELEVELD, M.A.C.; LIPINSKI, M.R. 1991: The giant squid in southern African waters. Journal of the Zoological Society of London 224 : 431-477.
120. ROPER, C.F.E.; BOSS, K.J. 1982. The giant squid. Scientific American 246(4) : 96-105.
121. ROPER, C.F.E.; SWEENEY, M.J.; NAUEN, C.E. 1984: FAO species catalogue. Vol. 3. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fisheries Synopsis 125(3) : 277 p.
122. ROPER, C.F.E.; YOUNG, R.E. 1972: First records of juvenile giant squid, Architeuthis (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 85 : 205-222.
123. ROPER, C.F.E.; VOSS, G.L. 1983. Guidelines for taxonomic descriptions of cephalopod species. Memoirs of the National Museum Victoria 44 : 48-63.
124. SASAKI, M. 1916: Notes on oegopsid cephalopods found in Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 9 : 89-121. No description, but synonomises A. martensii Berry, A. japonica Pfeffer, and nameless Mitsukuri and Ikeda (1895) specimen, as A. japonica Pfeffer 1912; keeps A. martensii Hilgendorf with the proviso that it may be the same as A. japonica.
125. SASAKI, M. 1929: A monograph of the dibranchiate cephalopods of the Japanese and adjacent waters. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, Soporro, Japan 20 July 1928, (Suppl): 1-340, 30 pls.
126. SIVERTSEN, E. 1955: Blekksprut. Kongelige Norske Videnskabernes selskabs Skrifter 1955 : 5-15. [In Norwegian] Describes two A. dux from Trondheim, good photo and measurements.
127. SNEATH, P. H.; SOKAL, R.R. 1973: Numerical Taxonomy. The principles and practice of numerical classification. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco. 573 p.
128. SOKAL, R.R.; ROHLF, F.J. 1981. Biometry, 2nd ed. W.H. Freeman, New York. 859 p.
129. STEENSTRUP, J. 1857: Oplysningen om atlanterhavets kolossale blaekskprutter. [Several particulars about giant cuttle-fishes of the Atlantic Ocean]. Forhandlinger ved de Skandinaviske Naturforskeres Mote 7: 182-185. Pp 17-19 in translation by Volsøe, A.; Knudsen, J.; Rees, W. The cephalopod papers of Japetus Steenstrup. Danish Science Press Ltd, Copenhagen, 1962. 300 p.
130. STEENSTRUP, J. 1857: Oplysningen om atlanterhavets kolossale blaekskprutter. [Several particulars about giant cuttle-fishes of the Atlantic Ocean]. Forhandlinger ved de Skandinaviske Naturforskeres Mote 7: 182-185. Pp 17-19 in translation by Volsøe, A.; Knudsen, J.; Rees, W. The cephalopod papers of Japetus Steenstrup. Danish Science Press Ltd, Copenhagen, 1962. 300 p.
131. STEENSTRUP, J. 1881 [1962]. The interelationships of the Ommatostrephes-like cephalopods. An orientation. Oversigt K. Danske Videnskavernes selskabs Forhandlinger 1880-81: 73-110. In translation by Volsøe, A.; Knudsen, J.; Rees, W. The cephalopod papers of Japetus Steenstrup, Danish Science Press Ltd, Copenhagen, 1962. 300 p.
132. STEENSTRUP, J. 1881 [1962]. The interelationships of the Ommatostrephes-like cephalopods. An orientation. Oversigt K. Danske Videnskavernes selskabs Forhandlinger 1880-81: 73-110. In translation by Volsøe, A.; Knudsen, J.; Rees, W. The cephalopod papers of Japetus Steenstrup, Danish Science Press Ltd, Copenhagen, 1962. 300 p.
133. STEENSTRUP, J. 1898: Spolia atlantica. Kolossale Blaeksprutter fra det nordlige Atlanterhav. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, ser. 5, 4 : 409-456. Also: Spolia atlantica. Gigantic cephalopods from the northern Atlantic. Pp 256-308 in translation by Volsøe, A.; Knudsen, J.; Rees, W. The cephalopod papers of Japetus Steenstrup. Danish Science Press Ltd, Copenhagen, 1962. 300 p. A. dux, good arm, pen, and beak illustrations.
134. STEENSTRUP, J. 1898: Spolia atlantica. Kolossale Blaeksprutter fra det nordlige Atlanterhav. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, ser. 5, 4 : 409-456. Also: Spolia atlantica. Gigantic cephalopods from the northern Atlantic. Pp 256-308 in translation by Volsøe, A.; Knudsen, J.; Rees, W. The cephalopod papers of Japetus Steenstrup. Danish Science Press Ltd, Copenhagen, 1962. 300 p. A. dux, good arm, pen, and beak illustrations.
135. STEPHEN, A.C. 1962: The species of Architeuthis inhabiting the North Atlantic. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 68, 2(11) : 147-161, 2 pls. Details on 2 squids, including a consideration of A. harveyi, A. princeps, A. dux, A. clarkei.
136. SWEENEY, M.J. 1996: A compilation of Architeuthis specimens from published records. Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC. [Unpublished draft]
137. TOLL, R.B.; HESS, S.C. 1981: A small, mature male Architeuthis (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) with remarks on maturation in the family. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 : 753-760. Florida, swordfish, small males.
138. TOLL, R.B. 1982: The comparative morphology of the gladius in the order Teuthoidea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in relation to systematics and phylogeny. Ph.D. thesis, University of Miami, Florida.
139. TRYON, G.W. Jr. 1879: Manual of Conchology. Structural and systematic. Vol. 1. Cephalopoda. Published by the author (based at Academy of Natural Sciences), Philadelphia. Refers to Harting's description of specimens at Utrecht, includes full quote from The Zoologist (1875) on Irish capture, and the subsequent descriptions by Kent 1874, Verrill 1874, More 1875. Also accounts relating to Denys Montfort 1802-05, Quoy & Gaimard 1824, Bouyer 1861, Dall 1873, Owen 1881.
140. VAN DEN BROEK, W.; TRACEY, D.M.; SOLLY, S.R.B.; AVRAHAMI, M. 1981: Mercury levels in some New Zealand sea fishes. N.Z. Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 15 : 137-146.
141. VÉLAIN, M.C. 1875: [Untitled.] Comptes rendus Hebdomadaire des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris 80 : 1002.
142. VÉLAIN, M.Ch. 1877: Observations générales sur la faune des deux iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam, suivies d'une description des mollusques. Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et génerale 6 : 1-144.
143. VERRILL, A.E. 1875a: Notice of the occurrence of another gigantic cephalopod (Architeuthis) on the coast of Newfoundland, in December, 1874. American Journal of Science 10 : 213-214. Comments on A. sanctipauli specimen and disagrees with More's conclusions on Dingle specimen.
144. VERRILL, A.E. 1875b: The colossal cephalopods of the North Atlantic. The American Naturalist 9 : 21-36.
145. VERRILL, A.E. 1875c: The colossal cephalopods of the North Atlantic. II. The American Naturalist 9 : 78-86. Useful.
146. VERRILL, A.E. 1877: Occurrence of another gigantic cephalopod on the coast of Newfoundland. American Journal of Science 14 : 425-426. Variability of specimens noted.
147. VERRILL, A.E. 1880a: The cephalopods of the north-eastern coast of America. Part 1. The gigantic squids (Architeuthis) and their allies; with observations on similar large species from foreign localities. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science 5 : 177-257, 25 pls. Excellent description of arms and suckers, compares, A. dux, A. harveyi, A. princeps, and origins of the name A. monachus, detailed fresh and preserved measurements, beaks.
148. VERRILL, A.E. 1880b: Synopsis of the cephalopods of the northeastern coast of America. American Journal of Science 19 : 284-295. Description of A. princeps and A. harveyi.
149. VERRILL, A.E. 1881a: The cephalopods of the north-eastern coast of America. Part II. The smaller cephalopods, including the "squids" and the octopi, with other allied forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science 5 : 259-446.
150. VERRILL, A.E. 1881b: Regeneration of lost parts in the squid Loligo pealei. American Journal of Science 21 : 333-334. [3rd series, extracted from 1881 Transactions of the Connecticut Academy 5 : 318]
151. VERRILL, A.E. 1881b: Regeneration of lost parts in the squid Loligo pealei. American Journal of Science 21 : 333-334. [3rd series, extracted from 1881 Transactions of the Connecticut Academy 5 : 318]
152. VERRILL, A.E. 1882a: Occurrence of an additional specimen of Architeuthis at Newfoundland. American Journal of Science 23 : 71-72. Loss of a fin and healed scar, records a shallow sinus, prominent median dorsal point, disputes Owen's Plectoteuthis grandis Owen, 1881 and synonomises it with Architeuthis.
153. VERRILL, A.E. 1882b: II. Report on the cephalopods of the Northeastern Coast of America. Part 1. The gigantic squids (Architeuthis) and their allies; with observations on similar large species from foreign localities. Report of the U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries. Appendix to the Report of the Commissioner 1879 : 211-455. Most complete and detailed account of Verrill's observations and conclusions.
154. VILLANUEVA, R.; SANCHEZ, P. 1993: Cephalopods of the Benguela Current off Namibia: New additions and considerations on the genus Lycoteuthis. Journal of Natural History 27 : 15-46.
155. VOVK, A.N.; NESIS, K.N.; PANFILOV, B.G. 1978: Distribution of deep sea cephalopods in the South Atlantic and adjacent waters (mainly analyses of sperm whales feeding). Malacological Review 11 : 131-132. Abstract. Architeuthis range 100-160 cm ML, occur to 66°S.
156. VOSS, G.L. 1956: A review of the cephalopods of the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean 6 : 85-178. keywords: Mississippi, male, A. physeteris.
157. VOSS, N.A. 1969: A monograph of the Cephalopoda of the North Atlantic. The family Histioteuthidae. Bulletin of Marine Science 19 : 713-867.
158. WOLFF, G.A. 1984: Identification and estimation of size from the beaks of 18 species of cephalopods from the Pacific Ocean. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS 17 : 1-50.
159. WORMUTH, J.H. 1976: The biogeography amd numerical taxonomy of the oegopsid squid family Ommastrephidae in the Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Technical Series 23 : 1-90.
160. YOUNG, J.Z. 1977: Brain, behaviour and evolution in cephalopods. Pp 377-434 in Nixon, M.; Messenger, J.B. (eds) The Biology of Cephalopods. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 38. Academic Press.
161. ZEIDLER, W.; GOWLETT-HOLMES, K.L. 1996: A specimen of giant squid, Architeuthis sp., from South Australian waters. Records of the South Australian Museum 29 : 85-91.
162. ZUEV, G.V. 1966. Osobennosti stroeniya golovonogikh mollyuskov, svyazannye s upravleniem dvizheniem. Ekologo-Morfologicheskiy Issledovaniya Nektonnykh. Kiev (Special Publication) 1966. Translated by the Translation Bureau (AT), Foreign Languages Division, Department of the Secretary of State of Canada. Characteristic features of the structure of cephalopod molluscs associated with controlled movements. Fishery Research Board of Canada, Translation Series No. 1011, 1968, 42 p.
163. ZUEV, G.V. 1966. Osobennosti stroeniya golovonogikh mollyuskov, svyazannye s upravleniem dvizheniem. Ekologo-Morfologicheskiy Issledovaniya Nektonnykh. Kiev (Special Publication) 1966. Translated by the Translation Bureau (AT), Foreign Languages Division, Department of the Secretary of State of Canada. Characteristic features of the structure of cephalopod molluscs associated with controlled movements. Fishery Research Board of Canada, Translation Series No. 1011, 1968, 42 p.