Children's Website Adherence to the FTC's Online Privacy Protection Rule

Journal of Applied Communication Research

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 346-362

  Cai, Xiaomei ^a   Gantz, Walter ^b   Schwartz, Nancy ^c   Wang, Xinye ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Children; COPPA; Internet; Online privacy

Indexed keywords

EID: 0344496208     PISSN: 00909882     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1369681032000132591     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Alwitt, L. F., Anderson, D. R., Lorch, E. P., & Levin, S. R. (1980). Preschool children's visual attention to attributes of television. Human Communication Research, 7, 52-66.
2. Bernard, M. L. (2001). Criteria for optimal web design: How can I make my site more accessible to children? Software Usability Research Lab. Retrieved March 15, 2002, from http://psychology.wichita.edu/optimalweb/children.htm
3. Cai, X., & Gantz, W. (2000). Online privacy issues associated with web sites for children. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44, 197-214.
4. Center for Media Education. (1996a). And now a web from our sponsor: How online advertisers are cashing in on children. Retrieved March 5, 1998, from http://tap.epn.org/cme/infoactive/22/22nWeb.html#advertising
5. Center for Media Education. (1996b). Guidelines for the collection and tracking of information from children on the global information infrastructure and in interactive media. Retrieved March 5, 1998, from http://www.cme.org/children/marketing/cmgltx.html
6. Center for Media Education. (2001, April). COPPA: The first year. A survey of sites. Retrieved March 15, 2002, from http://www.cme.org/children/privacy/coppa_rept.pdf
7. Children's Advertising Review Unit. (1997). CARU's self-regulatory guidelines for children's advertising. Retrieved March 2, 1998, from http://www.bbb.org/advertising/caruguid.html
8. Collins, W. A. (1983). Interpretation and inference in children's television viewing. In J. Bryant & D. R. Anderson (Eds.), Children's understanding of television (pp. 125-150). New York: Academic Press.
9. Comeau, W. (2002). 9 tips for e-marketing to teens. MarketingProfs. Retrieved March 15, 2002, from http://www.marketingprofs.com/Perspect/kewl.asp
10. Dorr, A. (1986). Television and children: A special medium for a special audience. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
11. Federal Communications Commission. (1974). Children's television programs: Report and policy statement. Federal Register, 39, 39396-39409.
12. Federal Trade Commission. (1997). FTC surfs children's websites to review privacy practices: Most are collecting data from kids; few seek parental approval. Retrieved March 9, 1999, from http://www.ftc.gov/opa/1997/12/kids.htm
13. Federal Trade Commission. (1998, June 4). Privacy online: A report to Congress. Retrieved June 4, 1998, from http://www.ftc.gov/reports/privacy3
14. Federal Trade Commission, (1999, April). Children's online privacy protection rule. Retrieved October 20, 2000, from http://www.ftc.gov/os/1999/10/64fr59888.htm
15. Federal Trade Commission. (2000a, May). FTC testimony to Congress on May 2000. Retrieved October 20, 2000, from http://www.ftc.gov/os/2000/05/testimonyprivacy.htm
16. Federal Trade Commission. (2000b, July 17). Websites warned to comply with children's online privacy law. Retrieved October 16, 2000, from http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2000/07/coppacompli.htm
17. Federal Trade Commission. (2000c). Kids' privacy compliance training for website operators. Retrieved October 18, 2000, from http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/edcams/kidzprivacy/workshop111500.htm
18. Federal Trade Commission. (2001). Frequently asked questions about the children's online privacy protection rule. Retrieved September 2, 2002, from http://www.ftc.gov/privacy/coppafaqs.htm
19. Federal Trade Commission. (2002a). Protecting children's privacy under COPPA: A survey on compliance. Retrieved May 29, 2002, from http://www.ftc.gov
20. Federal Trade Commission. (2002b). Children's online privacy protection rule. Federal Register, 67, 18818-18820.
21. Federal Trade Commission. (2002c). FTC protecting children's privacy online. Retrieved May 30, 2002, from http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2002/04/coppaanniv.htm
22. Gantz, W., & Schwartz, N. (2002). A report on television content. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation.
23. Gentile, D. A., & Welsh, D. A. (2002). A normative study of family media habits. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 23, 157-178.
24. Gilutz, S., & Nielsen, J. (2002). Usability of websites for children: 70 design guidelines. Fremont, CA: Nielsen Norman Group.
25. Henke, L. L. (1999). Children, advertising, and the Internet: An exploratory study. In D. W. Schumann & E. Thorson (Eds.), Advertising and the world wide web (pp. 73-80), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
26. Hiiston, A. C., & Wright, J. C. (1983), Children's processing of television: The informative functions of formal features. In J. Bryant & D. R. Anderson (Eds.), Children's understanding of television (pp. 35-68). New York: Academic Press.
27. Information Infrastructure Task Force. (1995, June 6). Privacy and the national information infrastructure: Principles for providing and using personal information. Retrieved May 23, 2003, from http://aspe.dhhs.gov/datacncl/niiprivp.htm
28. Kobrin, S. (2001). Tween a short attention span and a buying supermom. Digitrends. Retrieved January 29, 2002, from http://www.digitrends.net/scripts
29. Kunkel, D. (1988). Children and host-selling television commercials. Communication Research, 15, 71-92.
30. Kunkel, D. (2001). Children and television advertising. In D. G. Singer & J. L. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of children and the media (pp. 375-393). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
31. Lang, A. (2000). The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. Journal of Communication, 50, 46-70.
32. Montgomery, K. (2001). Digital kids: The new on-line children's consumer culture. In D. G. Singer & J. L. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of children and the media (pp. 635-650). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
33. National Center for Educational Statistics, (2002). School access. Retrieved October 20, 2002, from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/internet/3.asp
34. National Consumer League. (2000, October 4). Online Americans more concerned about privacy than health care, crime, and taxes, new survey reveals. Retrieved October 18, 2000, from http:// www.natlconsumersleague.org/pressessentials.htm
35. Palmer, E., & McDowell, C. (1979). Program/commercial separators in children's television programming. Journal of Communication, 29, 197-201.
36. Pecora, N. O. (1998). The business of children's entertainment. New York, NY: Guilford.
37. Pew Research Center (2000). The Pew internet and American life survey. Retrieved October 18, 2000, from http://www.pewinternet.org
38. Sullivan, T., Norris, C., Soloway, E., & Peet, M. (2000, June). When kids use the web: A naturalistic comparison of children's navigational behavior and subjective preferences on two www sites. Paper presented at the Sixth Conference on Human Factors and the Web, Austin, TX, Retrieved March 2002, from http://www.pantos.org/ts/papers/wkutw/
39. Turow, J. (2001). Privacy policies on children's websites: Do they play by the rules? Philadelphia, PA: The Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania.
40. Turow, J. & Nir, L. (2000). The Internet and the family 2000: The view from parents, the view from kids. The Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 2, 2002, from http://www.appcpenn.org/internet/family
41. UCLA Center for Communication Policy. (2003). The UCLA Internet report: Surveying the digital future (year three). Retrieved May 22, 2003, from http://ccp.ucla.edu/pdf/UCLA-Internet-Report-Year-Three.pdf
42. U.S. Census Bureau. (2001). New edition of statistical abstract shows boom in Internet sales. Retrieved April 22, 2001, from http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2001/cb01-27.html
43. Van Evra, J. (1998). Television and child development. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
44. Walters, C., & Denova, T. (1999). Loopy: Keeping you in the loop. In D. W. Schumann & E. Thorson (Eds.), Advertising and the world wide web (pp. 289-293). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
45. Ward, S., Reale, G., & Levinson, D. (1972). Children's perceptions, explanations, and judgments of television advertising: A further explanation. In E. Rubinstein, G. Comstock, & J. Murray (Eds.), Television and social behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 468-490), Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
46. Ward, S., Wackman, D., & Wartella, E. (1977). How children learn to buy: The development of consumer information-processing skills. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
47. Weise, E. (2000). AOL ditches kids' online profiles. USA Today [Electronic edition]. Retrieved October 17, 2000, from http://www.usatoday.com/life/cyber/tech/cth722.htm