Techniques to study human placental transport

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 17-39

  Sastry, B V Rama ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Drugs and pregnancy; Drugs: transplacental transfer; Fetal maternal drug ratios; Malignant trophoblast cell; Perfused placental cotyledon; Trophoblast cultures; Trophoblast tissues

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETICS; ANTIBIOTICS; CELL CULTURE; DRUG INTERACTIONS; METABOLISM; METABOLITES; PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELS; TISSUE;

PLACENTA; TROPHOBLAST;

DRUG THERAPY;

ACETYLCHOLINE; ADENOSINE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; AMINO ACID; AMOXICILLIN; ANESTHETIC AGENT; ATROPINE; BUPIVACAINE; CATECHOLAMINE DERIVATIVE; COCAINE; DIGOXIN; FENTANYL; HERBICIDE; HORMONE; METHADONE; METHOHEXITAL; MORPHINE; NICOTINE; NORADRENALIN; PHENAZONE; PHENOBARBITAL; PHYSOSTIGMINE; SEROTONIN; SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; THALIDOMIDE; TOBACCO SMOKE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASOPRESSIN; VITAMIN;

BLOOD PLACENTA BARRIER; CYTOTROPHOBLAST; DRUG ACCUMULATION; DRUG TRANSPORT; FETOMATERNAL TRANSFUSION; FETUS CIRCULATION; HUMAN; MATERNAL BLOOD; NONHUMAN; NUTRIENT; PLACENTA VILLUS; PLACENTAL TRANSFER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLAST; TROPHOBLAST;

EID: 0344435242     PISSN: 0169409X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-409X(99)00004-6     Document Type: Article

References (180)

1. D.W. Rurak, M.R. Wright, J.E. Axelson, Drug disposition and effects in fetus, J. Dev. Physiol. 15 (1991) 33-43.
2. R. Hill, Drugs ingested by pregnant women, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 14 (part 2) (1973) 654-655.
3. C.H. Peckham, R.W King, A study of intercurrent conditions observed during pregnancy, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 87 (1963) 609-619.
4. Collaborative Group on Drug Use in Pregnancy, Drug use in pregnancy: a preliminary report of the international cooperative drug utilization study, Pharm. Weekly Sci. Ed. 12 (1990) 75-90.
5. P. Bourget, C. Roulot, H. Fernandez, Models for placental transfer studies of drugs, Clin. Pharmacokinet. 28 (1995) 161-180.
6. B.V.R. Sastry, Techniques: cultures, tissues and cells to study placental function, in: B.V.R. Sastry (Ed.), Placental Pharmacology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1996, pp. 47-66.
7. S. Mouton, Drugs used in pregnancy and their placental transfer, in: B.V.R. Sastry (Ed.), Placental Pharmacology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 67-88, 1996.
8. B.V.R. Sastry, Placental toxicology, in: E.E. Bittar, N. Bittar (Eds.), Reproductive Endocrinology and Biology, Principles of Medical Biology, Vol. 12, Jai Press Inc, Greenwich, CT, 1998, pp. 257-278.
9. H. Tuchmann-Duplessis, G. David, P. Haegel, in: Illustrated Human Embryology, Embryogenesis, Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1975, pp. 66-82.
10. H. Tuchmann-Duplessis, General principles of drug induced congenital abnormalities, in: Drug Effects on the Fetus, AIDS Press, Sydney, 1975, pp. 38-46.
11. A.E. Rodin, L.A. Koller, J.D. Taylor, Association of thalidomide (Kevadon) with congenital anomalies, Can. Med. Assoc. J. 86 (1962) 744-746.
12. H.B.V. Taussig, A study of the German outbreak of phocomelia, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 180 (1962) 1106-1114.
13. B.V.R. Sastry, Opioid addiction, placental function and fetal growth, in: B.V.R. Sastry (Ed.), Placental Toxicology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995, pp. 83-106.
14. B.V.R. Sastry, Cocaine addiction, placental function and fetal growth, in: B.V.R. Sastry (Ed.), Placental Toxicology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995, pp. 133-160.
15. B.V.R. Sastry, V.E. Janson, Smoking, placental function and fetal growth, in: B.V.R. Sastry (Ed.), Placental Toxicology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1995, pp. 45-82.
16. B.V.R. Sastry, V.E. Janson, C.P. Clark, L.K. Owens, Cellular toxicity of 2:4:5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2:4:5-T): Formation of 2:4:5-trichlorophenoxyacetylcholine (2:4:5-ACh), Cell. Mol. Biol. 43 (1997) 559-566.
17. R.C. Gupta, Environmental agents and placental toxicity: anticholinesterases and other insecticides, in: B.V.R. Sastry (Ed.), Placental Toxicology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1995, pp. 257-278.
18. R. Kennedy, R. Miller, J. Bell, D. Doshi, H. deSousa, M. Kennedy, D. Heald, Y. David, Uptake and distribution of bupivacaine in fetal lambs, Anesthesiology 65 (1986) 247-253.
19. A. Hanshaaw-Thomas, F. Reynolds, Placental transfer of bupivacaine, pethidine and lignocaine in the rabbit: effect of umbilical flow rate and protein content, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 92 (1985) 6-12.
20. R. Carson, F. Reynolds, Elimination of bupivacaine and pethidine from the rabbit fetoplacental unit, Br. J. Anaesth. 69 (1992) 150-153.
21. H. Schneider, M. Panigel, J. Dancis, Transfer across the perfused human placenta of antipyrine, sodium, and leucine, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 114 (1972) 822-828.
22. J.M. Brandes, N. Tavolini, B.J. Potter, L. Sarkozi, M.D. Shepard, P.D. Berk, A new recycling technique for the human placental cotyledon perfusion: application to the studies of the fetomaternal transfer of glucose, insulin and antipyrine, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 146 (1983) 800-806.
23. S. Schenker, J. Dicke, R.F. Johnson, L.L. Mor, G.I. Henderson, Human placental transport of cimetidine, J. Clin. Invest. 80 (1987) 1428-1434.
24. S.F. Contractor, P.J. Stannard, The use of AIB transport to assess the suitability of a system of human placental perfusion for drug transport studies, Placenta 4 (1983) 19-29.
25. S. Schenker, Y. Yang, R.F. Johnson, J.W. Downing, R.S. Schenken, G.I. Henderson, T.S. King, The transfer of cocaine and its metabolites across the term human placenta, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 53 (1993) 329-339.
26. R.B. Krishna, M. Levitz, J. Dancis, Transfer of cocaine by the perfused human placenta: the effect of binding to serum proteins, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 169 (1993) 1418-1423.
27. N. Herman, T.K. Van Decar, D. Jones, K.G. Knape, J.W. Downing, Transfer of methohexital across the perfused human placenta, Anesthesiology 79 (1993) A1008, Abstract.
28. T. Ala-Kokko, P. Pienimaki, A. Hollmen, K. Vahakangas, Placental transfer of lidocaine and bupivacaine in human placental perfusion model, Anesthesiology 79 (1993) A1007, Abstract.
29. M. Zakowski, J. Schlessinger, S. Dumbroff, G. Grant, H. Turndorf, In vitro human placental uptake and transfer of fentanyl, Anesthesiology 79 (1993) A1006, Abstract.
30. E. Schmidt-Sommerfeld, D. Penn, R.J. Sodha, M. Progler, M. Novak, H. Schneider, Transfer and metabolism of carnitine and carnitine esters in the in vitro perfused human placenta, Pediatr. Res. 19 (1985) 700-706.
31. S. Hauguel, V. Desamaiziers, J.C. Challier, Glucose uptake, utilization and transfer by the human placenta as functions of maternal glucose concentration, Pediatr. Res. 20 (1986) 269-273.
32. G.R. Cannell, R.M. Kluck, S.E. Hamilton, R.H. Mortimer, W.D. Hooper, R.G. Dickinson, Markers of physical integrity and metabolic viability of the perfused human placental lobule, Clin. Exp. Pharm. Physiol. 15 (1988) 837-844.
33. B.V.R. Sastry, M.B. Chance, The human placental transfer of nicotine and its conversion to cotinine, Placenta 15 (1994) A57.
34. R.F. Johnson, N. Herman, T.L. Arney, H. Gonzalex, H.V. Johnson, J.W. Downing, Bupivacaine transfer across the human term placenta, Anesthesiology 82 (1995) 459-468.
35. H. Schneider, Techniques: In vitro perfusion of human placenta, in: B.V.R. Sastry (Ed.), Placental Toxicology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995, pp. 1-26.
36. G.I. Henderson, S. Schenker, Alcohol, placental function and fetal growth, in: B.V.R. Sastry (Ed.), Placental Toxicology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995, pp. 27-44.
37. E. Gerdin, A. Rane, B. Lindberg, Transplacental transfer of morphine in man, J. Perinat. Med. 18 (1990) 305-312.
38. J.C. Challier, M. Nandakumaran, F. Mondow, Placental transport of hexoses: a comparative study with antipyrine and amino acids, Placenta 6 (1985) 497-504.
39. H. Schneider, K.H. Hohlen, J. Dancis, Transfer of amino acids across the in vitro perfused human placenta, Pediatr. Res. 13 (1979) 236-240.
40. S.E. Fisher, P.I. Karl, Histidine transfer across the human placenta: characteristics in the isolated perfused human placenta and the effect of ethanol, Placenta 2 (1990) 157-165.
41. P.I. Karl, S.E. Fisher, Taurine transport by microvillous membrane vesicles and the perfused cotyledon of the human placenta, Am. J. Physiol. 258 (1990) 443-451.
42. 2O-L-glucose and aminobutyric acid across the in vitro perfused human placental lobe, in: P. Kaufmann, R.K. Miller (Eds.), Trophoblast Research, Plenum Medical Book Co, New York, 1987, pp. 525-533.
43. B.R. Krishna, R.G. King, W. Gu, S.P. Brennecke, Effect of indomethacin on materno-fetal amino acid transfer in the dual perfused human placental cotyledon, Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 2 (1990) 597-602.
44. B.R. Krishna, R.G. King, S.P. Brennecke, Acetylcholine output and materno-fetal alpha aminoisobutyric acid transfer in the perfused human placental lobule, Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 3 (1991) 459-465.
45. J. Dancis, V. Jansen, H.J. Kayden, H. Schneider, M. Levitz, Transfer across perfused human placenta. II: Free fatty acids, Pediatr. Res. 7 (1973) 192-197.
46. N.H. Gude, G.E. Rice, R.G. King, A.L. Boura, S.P. Brennecke, Analysis of the responses of the fetal vessels of human perfused placental lobule to acute infusion of arachidonic acid, Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 2 (1990) 591-596.
47. ++ transfer across the perfused human placental cotyledon, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 170 (1994) 162-167.
48. K.R. Page, D.R. Abramovich, P.J. Aggett, The transfer of zinc across the term dually perfused human placental lobule, Q. J. Exp. Physiol. 73 (1988) 585-593.
49. R.K. Menon, R.M. Cohen, M.A. Sperling, W.S. Cutfield, F. Mimouni, J.C. Khoury, Transplacental passage of insulin in pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, N. Engl. J. Med. 323 (1990) 309-315.
50. M. Levitz, V. Jansen, J. Dancis, Transfer and metabolism of cortico-steroids in perfused human placenta, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 132 (1978) 363-366.
51. P.I. Karl, S.E. Fisher, Biotin transport in microvillous membrane vesicles, cultured trophoblasts, and isolated perfused human placenta, Am. J. Physiol. 262 (1992) 302-308.
52. S. Schenker, Z.-Q. Hu, R.F. Johnson, Y. Tang, T.A. Frosto, B.A. Elliot, G.I. Henderson, D.M. Mack, Human placental biotin transport: normal characteristics and effect of ethanol, Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 17 (1993) 566-575.
53. S. Schenker, R.F. Johnson, J.D. Mahuren, G.I. Henderson, S.P. Coburn, Human placental vitamin B6 (pyridoxal) transport: normal characteristics and effects of ethanol, Am. J. Physiol. 262 (1992) R966-R974.
54. S. Schenker, R.F. Johnson, A.M. Hoyumpa, G.I. Herderson, Thiamine transfer by human placenta: normal transport and effects of ethanol, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 116 (1990) 106-115.
55. J. Dancis, M. Levits, J. Katz, Transfer and metabolism of retinol by the perfused human placenta, NY Pediatr. Res. 32 (1992) 195-199.
56. J.P. Akbaraly, S. Guibert, J.J. Leng, J. Auzerie, Etude du passage transplacentaire de cinq antibiotiques par perfusion in vitro du placenta humain, Pathol. Biol. 33 (1985) 368-372.
57. J.J. Leng, P.N. Mbanzulu, J.P. Akbaraly, H. Albin, S. Guibert, J. Gravier, F. Demotes-Mainard, Etude in vitro du passage transplacentaire du sulfate de chloroquine, Pathol. Biol. 35 (1987) 1051-1054.
58. L.O. Derewlany, J.S. Leeder, R. Kumar, I.C. Radde, B. Knie, G. Koren, The transport of digoxin across the perfused human placental lobule, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 256 (1990) 1107-1111.
59. R.M. Kluck, G.R. Cannell, W.D. Hooper, M.J. Eadie, R.G. Dickinson, Disposition of phenytoin and phenobarbitone in the isolated perfused placenta, Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol. 15 (1988) 827-836.
60. R.E. Bawdon, M.C. Maberry, S.J. Fortunato, L.C. Gilstrap, S. Kim, Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole transfer in the in vitro perfused human cotyledon, Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 31 (1991) 240-242.
61. D. Omarini, M.M. Barzago, J. Aramayona, A. Bortolotti, G. Lucchini, M. Bonati, Theophylline transfer across human placental cotyledon during in vitro dual perfusion, J. Med. 23 (1992) 101-116.
62. E. Gerdin, T. Salmonson, B. Lindberg, A. Rane, Maternal kinetics of morphine during labour, J. Perinat. Med. 18 (1990) 479-487.
63. B.V.R. Sastry, M.B. Chance, M.E. Hemontolor, T.A.W. Goddijn-Wessel, Formation and retention of cotinine during placental transfer of nicotine in human placental cotyledon, Pharmacology 57 (1998) 104-116.
64. 2 formation by nicotine and cotinine, Pharmacology 58 (1999) 70-86.
65. P.J. Wier, R.K. Miller, D. Maulik, P.A. DiSant'Agnese, Toxicity of cadmium in the perfused human placenta, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 105 (1990) 156-171.
66. W.Y. Boadi, S. Yannai, J. Urbach, J.M. Brandes, K.H. Summer, Transfer and accumulation of cadmium and the level of metallothionein in perfused human placenta, Arch. Toxicol. 65 (1991) 318-323.
67. B.V.R. Sastry, Placental acetylcholine, in: G.E. Rice, S.P. Brennecke (Eds.), Molecular Aspects of Placental and Fetal Membrane Autacoids, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993, pp. 157-193.
68. H.P. Ciuchta, R.F. Gautieri, Effect of certain drugs on perfused human placenta. III. Sympathomimetics, acetylcholine, and histamine, J. Pharm. Sci. 53 (1964) 184-191.
69. R. Eliasson, A. Astrom, Pharmacological studies on the perfused human placenta, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 11 (1955) 25-33.
70. U.S. von Euler, Action of adrenaline, acetylcholine and other substances on nerve-free vessels (human placenta), J. Physiol. (London) 93 (1938) 129-140.
71. R.F. Gautieri, H.P. Ciuchta, Effect of certain drugs on perfused human placenta. I. Narcotic analgesics, serotonin and relaxin, J. Pharm. Sci. 51 (1962) 55-61.
72. R.F. Gautieri, H.P. Ciuchta, Effect of certain drugs on perfused human placenta. VII. Serotonin versus angiotensin-II, J. Pharm. Sci. 56 (1962) 296-301.
73. 2) in human placenta, Cell. Mol. Biol. 43 (1997) 417-424.
74. B.V.R. Sastry, Placental toxicology: tobacco smoke, abused drugs, multiple chemical interactions and placental function, Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 3 (1991) 355-372.
75. K.S. Raghaven, P.B. Sastry, Effects of temperature on acetylcholine synthesis and release in perfused human placenta, Indian J. Med. Res. 58 (1970) 1718-1723.
76. R.F. Furchgott, Role of endothelium in responses of vascular smooth muscle, Circ. Res. 53 (1983) 557-573.
77. P. Kaufmann, H. Schroeder, H.P. Leichtweiss, E. Winterhager, Are there membrane-lined channels through the trophoblast?, Trophoblast Res. 2 (1987) 557-571.
78. J. Stulc, Extracellular transport pathways in the haemochorial placenta, Placenta 10 (1989) 113-119.
79. K. Benirschke, P. Kaufmann, Pathology of Human Placenta, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991, 360 pp.
80. A.C. Feller, H. Schneider, D. Schmidt, M.R. Parwaresch, Myofibroblasts as a major cellular constituent of vilus stroma in human placenta, Placenta 6 (1985) 405-415.
81. H. Schneider, J. Dancis, In vitro perfusion of human placental tissue, Contrib. Gynecol. Obstet. 13 (1985) 1-189.
82. B.V.R. Sastry, C. Sadavpmgvovad, Cholinergic systems in non-nervous tissues, Pharmacol. Rev. 30 (1979) 65-131.
83. B.V.R. Sastry, Commentary: Human placental cholinergic system, Biochem. Pharmacol. 53 (1997) 1577-1586.
84. ++-ATPase in human term placenta, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 143 (1973) 118-122.
85. R.K. Miller, W.O. Berndt, Characterization of neutral amino acid accumulation by human term placenta slices, Am. Physiol. 277 (1974) 1236-1242.
86. L.D. Longo, P. Yuen, D.J. Gusseck, Anaerobic, glycogen-dependent transport of amino acids by the placenta, Nature (London) 243 (1973) 531-533.
87. H. Schneider, J. Dancis, Amino acid transport in human placental slices, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 120 (1974) 1092-1098.
88. D.J. Gusseck, P. Yuen, D. Longo, Amino acid transport in placental slices. Mechanisms of increased accumulation by prolonged incubation, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 401 (1975) 278-284.
89. R. Enders, R. Judd, T. Donohue, C. Smith, Placental amino acid uptake. III. Transport systems for neutral amino acids, Am. J. Physiol. 230 (1976) 706-710.
90. H. Christensen, Biological Transport, Benjamin, Reading, MA, 1975, 514 pp.
91. R.K. Miller, T.R. Koszalka, R.L. Brent, The transport of molecules across placental membranes, in: G. Poste, G.L. Nicholson (Eds.), The Cell Surface in Animal Embryogenesis and Development, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1975, pp. 145-223.
92. C.H. Smith, R. Depper, Placental amino acid uptake. II. Tissue preincubation, fluid distribution and mechanisms of regulation, Pediatr. Res. 8 (1974) 679-703.
93. M.A. Horst, B.V.R. Sastry, Maternal tobacco smoking and alterations in amino acid transport in human placenta: induction of transport systems, Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 258 (1988) 249-262.
94. B.V.R. Sastry, M.A. Horst, R.J. Naukam, Maternal tobacco smoking and changes in amino acid uptake by human placental villi: induction of uptake systems, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and membrane fluidity, Placenta 10 (1989) 345-358.
95. B.V.R. Sastry, J. Olubadewo, R.D. Harbison, D.E. Schmidt, Human placental cholinergic system: occurrence, distribution and variation with gestational age of acetylcholine in human placenta, Biochem. Pharmacol. 25 (1976) 425-431.
96. B.V.R. Sastry, J.O. Olubadewo, F.H. Boehm, Effects of nicotine and cocaine on the release of acetylcholine from isolated human placental villi, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 229 (1977) 23-36.
97. J.O. Olubadewo, B.V.R. Sastry, Human placental cholinergic system: stimulation-secretion coupling for release of acetylcholine from isolated placental villus, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 204 (1978) 433-445.
98. P.P. Rowell, B.V.R. Sastry, The influence of cholinergic blockade on the uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid by isolated human placental villi, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 45 (1978) 79-93.
99. P. Rowell, B.V.R. Sastry, Human placental cholinergic system: depression of the uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in isolated human placental villi by choline acetyltransferase inhibitors, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 216 (1981) 232-238.
100. ++ and cytoskeletal organization, Trophoblast Res. 1 (1983) 81-100.
101. S. Barnwell, B.V.R. Sastry, Depression of amino acid uptake in human placental villus by cocaine, morphine, and nicotine, Trophoblast Res. 1 (1984) 101-120.
102. B.V.R. Sastry, Amino acid uptake by human placenta: alterations by nicotine and tobacco smoke components and their implications on fetal growth, in: R. Caciagli, E. Biacobini, R. Paoletti (Eds.), Developmental Neuroscience: Physiological, Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects, Elsevier, New York, 1984, pp. 137-140.
103. S. Barnwell, B.V.R. Sastry, S-Adenosyl-L-methionine mediated enzymatic methylations in the plasma membranes of the human trophoblast, Trophoblast Res. 2 (1987) 95-120.
104. N.C. Smith, M.G. Brush, S. Luckett, Preparation of human placental villus surface membrane, Nature (London) 252 (1974) 302-303.
105. C.H. Smith, D.M. Nelson, B.V. King, R.M. Donohue, S.M. Ruzyski, L.K. Kelley, Characterization of the microvillus membrane preparation from human placental syncytiotrophoblast: a morphologic, biochemical and physiologic study, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 128 (1977) 190-196.
106. S.M. Ruzyski, C.K. Kelley, C.H. Smith, Placental amino acid uptake. IV. Transport by microvillus membrane vesicles, Am. J. Physiol. 234 (1978) C27-C35.
107. M.E. Fant, R.D. Harbison, Syncytiotrophoblast membrane vesicles: a model for examining the human placental cholinergic system, Teratology 24 (1981) 187-199.
108. B. Cemerikic, R. Zamah, M.S. Ahmed, The effect of in vitro methadone administration on trophoblast tissue opioid receptors and mediated responses, Trophoblast Res. 8 (1994) 405-419.
109. B. Cemerikic, R. Zamah, M.D. Ahmed, Opioid tolerance in human placenta due to in vitro methadone administration, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 273 (1995) 987-994.
110. H.J. Kliman, J.E. Nestler, E. Sermasi, J.M. Sanger, J.F. Strauss III, Purification, characterization and in vitro differentiation of cytotrophoblasts from human term placentae, Endocrinology 118 (1986) 1567-1582.
111. H.J. Kliman, M.A. Feinman, J.F. Strauss III, Differentiation of human cytotrophoblast in syncytiotrophoblast in culture, Trophoblast Res. 2 (1987) 407-421.
112. S. Daniels-McQueen, A. Krichevsky, I. Boime, Isolation and characterization of human cytotrophoblast cells, Trophoblast Res. 2 (1987) 423-445.
113. J.O. Lobo, F.L. Bellino, A. Sigel, Characterisation of isolated cells in primary culture from human term placenta by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, Trophoblast Res. 2 (1987) 447-460.
114. Y.W. Loke, R.O. Hussa, Trophoblast cell culture. A workshop report, Trophoblast Res. 2 (1987) 461-464.
115. C.S. Hall, T.E. James, C. Goodyear, C. Branchard, H. Guyda, C.J.P. Giroud, Short term tissue culture of human midterm and term placenta: parameters of hormonogenesis, Steroids 30 (1977) 569-580.
116. V. Ganapathy, F.H. Leibach, Placental biogenic amines and their transporters, in: B.V.R. Sastry (Ed.), Placental Toxicology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995, pp. 161-174.
117. D.R. Cool, F.H. Leibach, V.K. Balla, V.B. Mahesh, V. Ganapathy, Expression and cyclic AMP-dependent regulation of a high affinity serotonin transporter in the human placental choriocarcinoma cell line (JAr), J. Biol. Chem. 255 (1991) 15750-15757.
118. S. Ramamoorthy, F.H. Leibach, V.B. Mahesh, V. Ganapathy, Active transport of dopamine in human placental brush-border membrane vesicles, Am. J. Physiol. 262 (1992) C1189-C1196.
119. S. Ramamoorthy, P.D. Prasad, Pl. Kulanthaivel, F.H. Leibach, R.D. Blakely, V. Ganapathy, Expression of a cocaine-sensitive norepinephrine transporter in the human placental syncytiotrophoblast, Biochemistry 32 (1993) 1346-1353.
120. P.I. Karl, K.L. Alpy, S.E. Fisher, Amino acid transport by the cultured human placental trophoblast: effect of insulin on AIB transport, Am. J. Physiol. 262 (1992) C834-C839.
121. P. Bourget, H. Fernandez, C. Delouis, A.M. Talburet, Pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in pregnant women: safety and efficacy of a once-daily dose regimen, J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 16 (1991) 167-176.
122. F. Reynolds, C. Knott, Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy and placental drug transfer, Oxf. Rev. Reprod. Biol. 11 (1990) 389-449.
123. I. Obata, T. Yamato, S. Hayashi, N. Imakawa, S. Hayashi, Pharmacokinetic study of aztreonam transfer from mother to fetus, Jpn. J. Antibiot. 43 (1990) 70-80.
124. T. Yamamoto, J. Yasuda, H. Okada, K. Iwasaku, Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on aztreonam in the perinatal period in obstetrics and gynecology, Jpn. J. Antibiot. 43 (1990) 727-735.
125. P. Bourget, V. Quinquis-Desmaris, H. Fernadez, Ceftriaxone distribution and protein binding between maternal blood and milk postpartum, Ann. Pharmacother. 27 (1993) 294-297.
126. P. Bourget, H. Fernandez, H. Bismuth, E. Papiernik, Transplacental passage of cyclosporin after liver transplantation, Transplantation 49 (1990) 663-664.
127. P. Bourget, H. Fernandez, C. Delouis, Accumulation of cyclosporin in the conceptus during the first trimester of pregnancy after liver transplantation, Transplantation 51 (1991) 1306-1307.
128. P. Bourget, H. Fernancex, V. Quinquis, C. Delouis, Pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A during pregnancy: monitoring of treatment and specific assays of cyclosporin based on five liver transplant patients, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 11 (1993) 43-48.
129. A. Basso, A. Fernandex, O. Althabe, Passage of mannitol from mother to amniotic fluid and fetus, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 49 (1977) 628-631.
130. 14C dimethyltubocurarine, Br. J. Anesth. 44 (1972) 557-561.
131. 14C dimethyltubocurarine during caesarian section, Br. J. Anesth. 48 (1976) 239-242.
132. H. Fernandez, P. Bourget, C. Delouis, Fetal levels of tobramycin following maternal administration, Obstet. Gynecol. 76 (1990) 992-994.
133. P.L. Morselli, M.J. Boutroy, G. Bianchetti, J.P. Thenot, Pharmacokinetics of antihypertensive drugs in the neonatal period, Dev. Pharmacol. Ther. 13 (1989) 190-198.
134. K. Sengoku, T. Shimizu, H. Haga, R. Inoue, T. Yamazaki, H. Mizoguchi, Y. Torii, T. Sagawa, S. Saitou, Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on aztreonam in the perinatal period, Jpn. J. Antibiot. 43 (1990) 686-691.
135. M.S. Yerby, P.N. Friel, K. McCormick, M. Koerner, M. Van Allen, A.M. Leavitt, C.J. Sells, J.A. Yerby, Pharmacokinetics of anticonvulsants in pregnancy: alteration in plasma protein binding, Epilepsy Res. 5 (1990) 223-228.
136. C.E.L. Brown, J.T. Christmas, R.E. Bawdon, Placental transfer of cefazolin and piperacillin in pregnancies remote from term complication by Rh isoimmunization, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 163 (1990) 938-943.
137. N. Cho, K. Fukunaga, K. Kunji, Pharmacokinetic studies on cefsulodin in the perinatal period, Jpn. J. Antibiot. 42 (1989) 2735-2742.
138. P. Bourget, H. Fernandez, V. Quinquis, C. Delouis, Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of ceftriaxone during pregnancy, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37 (1993) 54-59.
139. Z. Amoura, J.M. Schermann, B. Wechsler, X. Zerah, P. Goodeau, Transplacental passage of colchicine in familial Mediterranean fever [letter], J. Rheumatol. 21 (1994) 383.
140. H.H. Kanhai, I.L. van Kamp, A.J. Moolenaar, J.B. Gravenhorst, Transplacental passage of digoxin in severe rhesus immunization, J. Perinat. Med. 18 (1990) 339-343.
141. R. Hildebrandt, H. Weitzel, K. Warnke, U. Gundert-Remy, Pharmacokinetics of fenoterol in pregnant and non-pregnant women, Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 45 (1993) 275-277.
142. P. Bourget, J.C. Pons, C. Delouis, L. Fermont, R. Frydman, Flecainide distribution, transplacental passage and accumulation into the amniotic fluid during the third trimester of pregnancy, Ann. Pharmacother. 28 (1994) 1031-1034.
143. S. Matsuda, H. Hirayama, K. Oh, Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of flomoxef in perinatal period, Jpn. J. Antibiot. 44 (1991) 669-673.
144. T. Ali-Melkkila, T. Kaila, J. Kanto, E. Iisalo, Pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium in parturients, Anesthesia 45 (1990) 634-637.
145. T. Matzsch, D. Bergqvist, A. Bergqvist, S. Hodson, J. Dawes, U. Hedner, P. Ostergaard, No transplacental passage of standard heparin or an enzymatically depolymerized low molecular weight heparin blood, Coag. Fibrinolysis 2 (1991) 273-278.
146. A. Heikkila, O. Renkonen, R. Erkkola, Pharmacokinetics and transplacental passage of imipenem during pregnancy, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36 (1992) 2652-2655.
147. J. Guay, P. Gaudreault, A. Boulanger, A. Tang, L. Lortie, C. Dupuis, Lidocaine hydrocarbonate and lidocaine hydrochloride for cesarean section: transplacental passage and neonatal effects, Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 36 (1992) 722-727.
148. A. Heikkila, K. Pyykko, R. Erkkola, E. Iisalo, The pharmacokinetics of mecillinam and pivmeccillinam in pregnant and non-pregnant women, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 33 (1992) 629-633.
149. N.C. Hill, M. Selinger, J. Ferguson, I.Z. MacKenzie, Transplacental passage of mifepristone and its influence on maternal and fetal steroid concentration in the second trimester of pregnancy, Hum. Reprod. 6 (1991) 458-462.
150. M.A. Belfort, G.R. Saade, K.J. Moise Jr., A. Cruz, K. Adam, W. Kramer, B. Kirshon, Nimodipine in the management of preeclampsia: maternal and fetal effects, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 171 (1994) 417-424.
151. S.S. Boiko, V.P. Zherdev, E.M. Vikhliaeva, O.M. Supriaga, The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pentoxifylline (trental) in the third pregnancy trimester, Eksp. Klin. Farmakol. 55 (1992) 52-55.
152. A. Takeda, H. Okada, H. Tanaka, Protein binding of four antiepileptic drugs in maternal and umbilical cord serum, Epilepsy Res. 13 (1992) 147-151.
153. A. Heikkila, R. Erkkola, Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin during pregnancy, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 28 (1991) 419-423.
154. S. Fujimoto, M. Akahane, T. Tanaka, L. Hanatani, Pharmacokinetics and materno-fetal influence of ritodrine hydrochloride during the continuous treatment of threatened premature labor, Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi 41 (1989) 321-327.
155. P. Bourget, H. Fernandez, S. Demirdjian, C. Delouis, R. Frydman, Determination des rapports de concentrations seriques foeto-maternelles de la tobramycin a lo naissance; Un modele de pharmacocinetique reduite, Arch. Fr. Pediatr. 48 (1991) 543-547.
156. P. Bourget, H. Fernandez, C. Delouis, F. Ribou, Transplacental passage of vancomycin during the second trimester of pregnancy, Obstet. Gynecol. 78 (1991) 908-911.
157. S. Schenker, R.F. Johnson, T.S. King, R.S. Schenken, G.J. Henderson, Azidothymidine (zidovudine) transport by the human placenta, Am. J. Med. 299 (1990) 16-20.
158. J.C. Pons, A.M. Taburet, E. Singlas, J.F. Delfraissy, E. Papiernik, Placental passage of azathiothymidine (AZT) during the second trimester of pregnancy: study by direct fetal blood sampling under ultrasound, Wur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 40 (1991) 229-231.
159. M. Wood, A.J.J. Wood, Changes in plasma drug binding and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in mother and newborn, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 29 (1981) 522-526.
160. M. Wood, A.J.J. Wood, Drugs and Anesthesia. Pharmacology for Anesthesiologists, 2nd ed, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MA, 1990, 347 pp.
161. D.M. Hay, Nitrous oxide transfer across the placenta and conditions of the newborn at delivery, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 85 (1978) 299-302.
162. C.P. Gibbs, E.S. Munson, M.K. Tanm, Anesthetic solubility coefficients for maternal and fetal blood, Anesthesiology 43 (1975) 100-103.
163. R.G. Ghaly, R.J. Flynn, J. Moore, Isoflurane as an alternative to halothane for caesarean section, Anesthesia 43 (1988) 5-7.
164. C.E. Flowers, Factors related to the placental transfer of thiopental in the hemochorial placenta, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 85 (1963) 646-654.
165. N. Herman, T. Van Decar, D. Jones, J. Downing, Transfer of methohexital across the perfused human placenta, in: Proc. Soc. Obstetric. Anesthesia and Perinatology, Boston, 1993 pp. 20-30.
166. A. Ellingson, K. Harman, N. Sagen, E. Solheim, Transplacental passage of ketamine after intravenous administration, Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 21 (1977) 41-144.
167. T. Gin, M.A. Gregory, K. Chjan, T.E. Oh, Maternal and fetal levels of propofol at caesarean section, Anaesth. Intensive Care 18 (1990) 180-184.
168. J.S. Crawford, Premedication for elective caesarean section, Anaesthesia 34 (1979) 892-897.
169. C.M. Wilson, J.W. Duindee, J. Moore, P.J. Howard, P.S. Collier, A comparison of the early pharmacokinetics of midazolam in pregnant and non-pregnant women, Anaesthesia 42 (1987) 1057-1062.
170. M.E. Crawford, P. Carl, V. Bach, O. Ralvo, B.O. Mikkelsen, M. Werner, A randomized comparison between midazolam and thiopental for elective cesarean section, I. Mothers. Anesth. Analg. (Cleveland) 68 (1989) 229-233.
171. F. Reynolds, R.I. Hargrove, J.B. Wyman, Maternal and foetal plasma concentrations of bupivacaine after epidural block, Br. J. Anaesth. 43 (1973) 1049-1053.
172. S. Datta, W. Camann, A. Bader, L. VanderBurgh, Clinical effects and maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of epidural ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for caesarean section, Anesthesiology 82 (1995) 1346-1352.
173. D. Biehl, S.M. Shnider, G. Levinson, K. Callender, Placental transfer of lidocaine: effects of fetal acidosis, Anesthesiology 48 (1978) 409-412.
174. R.W. Shier, A.D. Sprague, P.V. Dilts, Placental transfer of meperidine HCl, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 115 (1973) 556-559.
175. P.C. Wiener, M.I.J. Hogg, M. Rosen, Effects of naloxone on pethidine-induced neonatal depression, Br. Med. J. 2 (1977) 228-231.
176. E. Gerdin, A. Rane, B. Lindberg, Transplacental transfer of morphine in man, J. Perinat. Med. 18 (1990) 305-312.
177. U. Bang, H.S. Helbo-Hansen, P. Lindholm, N.A. Klitgaard, Placental transfer and neonatal effects of epidural fentanylbupivacaine for cesarean section, Anesthesiology 75 (1991) A847.
178. F. Reynolds, Placental transfer of opioids, in: K. Budd (Ed.), Update in Opioids. Clin. Anesthesiol, Vol. 1, Baillière Tindall, London, Philadelphia, 1987, pp. 859-870.
179. M.D. Zakowski, A. Ham, G. Grant, Transfer and uptake of alfentanil in the human placenta during in vitro perfusion, Anesth. Analg. (Cleveland) 79 (1994) 1089-1097.
180. M. Panigel, J.S. Abramoqicz, R.K. Miller, Techniques: Biophysical methods in assessment of placental function, in: B.V.R. Sastry (Ed.), Placental Pharmacology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1996, pp. 1-22.